This chapter discusses wireless network security. It defines key wireless technologies like Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. It describes wireless network architectures including basic service sets, distributed systems, and extended service sets. It also covers wireless topologies such as star, mesh, and hybrid configurations. Finally, it discusses wireless security protocols and concerns regarding securing wireless transmissions from interception.
The physical layer provides the means to transport the bits that make up a Data Link layer frame across the network media through creating signal that represents each frame.
The three fundamental functions of the physical layer are data encoding, signaling, and the physical components.
Signaling bits on the media using NRZ Signaling, and Manchester Encoding.
Data Transfer can be measured in 3 ways Bandwidth, Throughput and Goodput.
The Physical Connectors: Unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) cable, Shielded Twisted-Pair (STP) Cable, Coaxial, Single-mode Fiber Cable, Multi-mode Fiber Cable and different types of wireless media and wireless network devices
The physical layer provides the means to transport the bits that make up a Data Link layer frame across the network media through creating signal that represents each frame.
The three fundamental functions of the physical layer are data encoding, signaling, and the physical components.
Signaling bits on the media using NRZ Signaling, and Manchester Encoding.
Data Transfer can be measured in 3 ways Bandwidth, Throughput and Goodput.
The Physical Connectors: Unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) cable, Shielded Twisted-Pair (STP) Cable, Coaxial, Single-mode Fiber Cable, Multi-mode Fiber Cable and different types of wireless media and wireless network devices
Opnet based simulation and investigation of wimax network using different qo seSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Handle increase in IP traffic
Moore’s law doesn’t apply here
1984: 50Mbps, 2001: 6.4Tbps
Reduce cost of transmitting a bit
Cost/bit down by 99% in last 5 years
Enable new applications and services by pushing optics towards the edges
Fiber capabilities/WDM
Wavelengths can be time-division multiplexed into a series of aggregated connections
Sets of wavelengths can be spaced into wavebands
Switching can be done by wavebands or wavelengths
1 Cable can do multi terabits/sec
presentation for Network topology and cable's
This PPT covers all the computer topology along with its applications and Ethernet cables make it possile for you to connect several components of a local area network together. They typically are available in two forms, crossover cables, and patch cables
Mpls tp as packet platform for critical services in power transmissionHughCab
Beyond the trend of using IP as the “up to date technology” for SCADA (IEC
60870-5-104) and protections scheme integrated to a centralized management
of the load (Sinchrophasors PMU), there is the need to approach the automatic
switching and intrinsic autonomy of routing algorithms to provide smart
capability to the communications network [1]. For long time IP equipment
manufacturers have been trying to penetrate the electrical utilities with partial
success, they were able to support only added value services as IP Video, VoIP
and corporate IP traffic which is are not “critical” or essential to the electrical
power system operation.
On this paper is presented a theoretical-practical evaluation of the MPLS-TP
protocol which offers an IP platform according to the complimentary services
requirements (high bandwidth) as well for reliable channels features through
the emulation of TDM systems with delay, symmetry and self-healing switching
in order to warrant the correct operation of critical services as Teleprotection,
Differential Relays and Sinchrophasors.
Key time measurements will be presented which certifies the theoretical
reliability of MPLS-TP as main IP communication platform in electrical
transmission systems.
Tutorial at IEEE 802 LMSC Plenary Session, Dallas, TX, USA, Nov. 13, 2006 (with W. Steven Conner, Intel Corp., Jan Kruys, Cisco Systems, and Juan Carlos Zuniga, InterDigital Comm. Corp.).
Ns 2 based simulation environment for performance evaluation of umts architec...Makhdoom Waseem Hashmi
Ns 2 based simulation environment for performance evaluation of umts architecture.
NS2, UMTS, 3G, EURANE, scheduling, architecture and umts simultation and NS2 simulation and EURANE SIMULATION
Opnet based simulation and investigation of wimax network using different qo seSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Handle increase in IP traffic
Moore’s law doesn’t apply here
1984: 50Mbps, 2001: 6.4Tbps
Reduce cost of transmitting a bit
Cost/bit down by 99% in last 5 years
Enable new applications and services by pushing optics towards the edges
Fiber capabilities/WDM
Wavelengths can be time-division multiplexed into a series of aggregated connections
Sets of wavelengths can be spaced into wavebands
Switching can be done by wavebands or wavelengths
1 Cable can do multi terabits/sec
presentation for Network topology and cable's
This PPT covers all the computer topology along with its applications and Ethernet cables make it possile for you to connect several components of a local area network together. They typically are available in two forms, crossover cables, and patch cables
Mpls tp as packet platform for critical services in power transmissionHughCab
Beyond the trend of using IP as the “up to date technology” for SCADA (IEC
60870-5-104) and protections scheme integrated to a centralized management
of the load (Sinchrophasors PMU), there is the need to approach the automatic
switching and intrinsic autonomy of routing algorithms to provide smart
capability to the communications network [1]. For long time IP equipment
manufacturers have been trying to penetrate the electrical utilities with partial
success, they were able to support only added value services as IP Video, VoIP
and corporate IP traffic which is are not “critical” or essential to the electrical
power system operation.
On this paper is presented a theoretical-practical evaluation of the MPLS-TP
protocol which offers an IP platform according to the complimentary services
requirements (high bandwidth) as well for reliable channels features through
the emulation of TDM systems with delay, symmetry and self-healing switching
in order to warrant the correct operation of critical services as Teleprotection,
Differential Relays and Sinchrophasors.
Key time measurements will be presented which certifies the theoretical
reliability of MPLS-TP as main IP communication platform in electrical
transmission systems.
Tutorial at IEEE 802 LMSC Plenary Session, Dallas, TX, USA, Nov. 13, 2006 (with W. Steven Conner, Intel Corp., Jan Kruys, Cisco Systems, and Juan Carlos Zuniga, InterDigital Comm. Corp.).
Ns 2 based simulation environment for performance evaluation of umts architec...Makhdoom Waseem Hashmi
Ns 2 based simulation environment for performance evaluation of umts architecture.
NS2, UMTS, 3G, EURANE, scheduling, architecture and umts simultation and NS2 simulation and EURANE SIMULATION
Ciervo Ahumado de la Patagonia. Inspirado por nuestros verdes machines, los cristalinos lagos y los armoniosos movimientos de flora y fauna. Te invitamos a descubrir la naturaleza como protagonista.
Uncertain future of medicare pass throughs and add-onsBESLER
Very few items are still settled on your cost report. With so many changes resulting from the ACA and other potential initiatives being discussed every day, your organization should be acutely aware of the total amount of Medicare Revenue that is at risk. There is talk of eliminating, greatly reducing or completely altering payment methodologies that hospitals have become so reliant on for so long. Revenue potentially at risk includes Medicare Bad Debt, Nursing Allied Health, Graduate Medical Education, Wage Index adjustments, and Transplant.
Appropriate Level of Care and the 2– Midnight Rule Where It Stands as of NOWBESLER
This article from the December 2014 issue of the Lone Star Express, a publication of the Lone Star chapter of HFMA, reviews the current state of the 2-Midnight rule. It reviews key elements of the rule, the focus of Medicare documentation requirements, and best practices for compliance.
Healthcare Retrospect Part 1: All Americans Were UninsuredBESLER
In part one of this three part series, John Dalton, Advisor Emeritus at BESLER Consulting, provides a look at the state of healthcare in America from the 1930s through the 1960s.
Verilog Based Design and Simulation of MAC and PHY Layers for Zigbee Digital ...IJERA Editor
The past several years have witnessed a rapid development in the wireless network area. So far wireless networking has been focused on high-speed and long range applications. Zigbee technology was developed for a Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPAN), aimed at control and military applications with low data rate and low power consumption. Zigbee is a standard defines the set of communication protocols for low-data-rate short-range wireless networking. Zigbee-based wireless devices operate in 868 MHz, 915 MHz, and 2.4 GHz frequency bands. The maximum data rate is 250K bits per second. Zigbee is mainly for battery-powered applications where low data rate, low cost, and long battery life are main requirements. This paper explores Verilog design for various blocks in Zigbee Transmitter architecture for an acknowledgement frame. The word digital has made a dramatic impact on our society. Developments of digital solutions have been possible due to good digital system design and modeling techniques. Further developments have been made and introduced VLSI in order to reduce size of the architecture, to improve speed of operation, improvements in predictability of the circuit behavior. Digital Zigbee Transmitter comprises of Cyclic Redundancy Check, Bit-to-Symbol block, Symbol-to-chip block, Modulator and Pulse shaping block. The work here is to show how we can design Zigbee transmitter with its specifications by using Verilog with less number of slices and Look up tables (LUTs).
Semiconductors are materials which have a conductivity between conductors (generally metals) and nonconductors or insulators (such as most ceramics). Semiconductors can be pure elements, such as silicon or germanium, or compounds such as gallium arsenide or cadmium selenide. In a process called doping, small amounts of impurities are added to pure semiconductors causing large changes in the conductivity of the material.
Due to their role in the fabrication of electronic devices, semiconductors are an important part of our lives. Imagine life without electronic devices. There would be no radios, no TV's, no computers, no video games, and poor medical diagnostic equipment. Although many electronic devices could be made using vacuum tube technology, the developments in semiconductor technology during the past 50 years have made electronic devices smaller, faster, and more reliable. Think for a minute of all the encounters you have with electronic devices. How many of the following have you seen or used in the last twenty-four hours? Each has important components that have been manufactured with electronic materials.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.