This document discusses compounds, mixtures, and elements. It defines an element as being made of only one type of atom, while compounds contain two or more different types of atoms bonded together. Compounds are formed through chemical reactions, and can be identified by signs such as bubbling or color changes. There are rules for naming compounds depending on whether they contain two elements, or three or more elements where one is oxygen. Mixtures contain elements or compounds mixed together but are not chemically bonded. The document uses examples like methane, water, and air to illustrate these concepts.

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Compounds and MixturesCompounds and Mixtures

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ElementsElements
If a solid, liquid or gas is made up of only one type of
atom we say it is an element. For example, consider a
tripod made up of iron:
These atoms are
ALL iron – there’s
nothing else in here

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CompoundsCompounds
Compounds are
different to
elements. They
contain different
atoms. Here are
some examples:
Glucose
Methane
Sodium
chloride (salt)

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Some simple compounds…Some simple compounds…
Methane, CH4 Water, H2O
Carbon
dioxide, CO2
Ethyne, C2H2
Sulphuric
acid, H2SO4
Key
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Carbon
Sulphur

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Making compoundsMaking compounds
Compounds are made when two or more elements (or compounds) go
through a chemical reaction.
For example:
1) When carbon reacts with oxygen it usually forms ____
_________
2) When oxygen reacts with hydrogen it could form ______
3) When iron reacts with oxygen it could form ______ ______
There are usually “tell-tale” signs to show when a compound is being
made, such as bubbling, heat given off, colour changes, fizzing
etc.
Water, iron oxide or carbon dioxide?

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Naming compoundsNaming compounds
Rule 1 – When two elements join the end is usually
_______ide.
e.g. Magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide
1) Sodium + chlorine
2) Magnesium + fluorine
3) Lithium + iodine
4) Chlorine + copper
5) Oxygen + iron
6) KBr
7) LiCl
8) CaO
9) MgO2
10)KF

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Naming compoundsNaming compounds
Rule 2 – When three or more elements combine and
one of them is oxygen the ending is _____ate
e.g. Copper + sulphur + oxygen Copper sulphate
1) Calcium + carbon + oxygen
2) Potassium + carbon + oxygen
3) Calcium + sulphur + oxygen
4) Magnesium + chlorine + oxygen
5) Calcium + oxygen + nitrogen
6) AgNO3
7) H2SO4
8) K2CO3

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Naming compoundsNaming compounds
Rule 3 – If two identical elements combine then the
name doesn’t change
This happens with the following elements:
1) H2
2) N2
3) O2
4) F2
5) Cl2
6) Br2
These elements always go
around in pairs. For example,
hydrogen looks like this:

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MixturesMixtures
100 g 105 g
Before After

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Element, mixture or compound?Element, mixture or compound?
Salty water Hydrogen
Hydrochloric acid
Sodium chloride (salt)
Diamond
Air

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AirAir
Air is a mixture…
79% 79%
21% 18%0.03%
1%

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Liquid air
Separating airSeparating air
Air can be separated into the different gases that make it up.
To do this you first have to cool air down to -2000
C and turn it
into a liquid:
Fractional
distillation
In this chamber the air is gradually heated up again and
the different parts of air “distil” off at different
temperatures according to their boiling points
Oxygen
Argon
Nitrogen