Here are the answers to the questions: 1. Migration means the movement of people from one place to another. The main types of migration are: - Emigration: Leaving one's country to settle in another. - Immigration: Entering a new country to settle permanently. - Transmigration: Moving from a densely populated area to a less populated one. - Urbanization: Moving from rural to urban areas. - Remigration: Returning back to one's home country after living elsewhere. 2. Population density refers to the number of people living per unit of area, usually per square kilometer. 3. Five issues related to population density are: - Welfare issues like healthcare, education

1. HUMAN POPULATION
and
ITS IMPACTS

2. • The world population is increasing every
year.
• This increase in population is followed by
the increase of needs.
• Uncontrol population growth can cause
problems in the avaibility of resources
needed by people.
• In addition, it will also increase
environmental damage.
• Therefore, some effort to control the
population growth should be put into action
in order to minimize the problems that may
occur.

3. A. Popupation of Inhabitants
• The change in the population in an area over a
period of time is called population dynamics.
• A population dynamics showing an increasing
number of inhabitants is called population
growth.
• A rapid population growth which exceeds the
avaibility of natural resources is called
population explotion or overpopulation.
• If the population growth cannot be
controlled, it is estimated that overpopulation
will occur.

4. B. Population Dynamics
• Population dynamics is affected by
three following factors ;
1. Birth rate (Natality)
2. Death rate (Mortality)
3. Number of population movements
(Migration)

5. 1. Natality
• The number of birth affects
population growth.
• The level of birth is defined as an
index called natality or birth rate.
• Natality is the number of childbirths
for every 1000 people per year.

6. • The criteria of natality are as
follows :
a. Natality is considered high when the
birth rate is >30
b. Natality is considered moderate
when the birth rate is between 20 –
30
c. Natality is considered low when the
birth rate is < 20

7. 2. Mortality
• The death rate or mortality is the
number of deaths for every 1,000
people per year.
• The death rate is correlated with the
conditions of a country, for example,
with the levels of prosperity, health,
or the occurence of war.
• In a rich and developed country, the
inhabitants may well maintain their
health, so that the death rate is low.

8. • The criteria of the mortality are as
follows :
a. Mortality is considered high if the
death eate is > 18
b. Mortality is considered moderate
if the death rate is between 14 – 18
c. Mortality is considered low if the
death rate is < 14

9. 3. Migration
• Migration is the movement of inhabitants
from one place to another and it is normally
affected by the change of conditions.
• Migration is influenced by the following
factors :
a. Difficult economic situations and low
earnings in the home location.
b. Sociocultural situations in the origin
location, for instance, due to forced
marriages, or very tight traditional
practices in cultural environments.

10. c.Educational facilities in the origin
location are not sufficient.
d.Working opportunities in the
destination area are more abundant.
e.More opportunities to get a better
education and career in the area of
destination.
f.There is an assumption that living in big
cities is more interesting because of the
avaibility of recreational facilities,
amusement, and shopping centers.

11. • Migration can be placed into five categories
:
a. Emigration, which is the movement of the
inhabitants leaving a country to settle in
another country.
b. Immigration, which is the movement of
inhabitants entering a new country to
settle permanently.
c. Transmigration, which is the movement of
inhabitants from a densely populated area
into an area with a lesser population.
d. Urbanization, which is the movement of
inhabitants from villages to cities.
e. Remigration, which is the movement of
inhabitants back to their home country.

12. C. The Density of Human
Population
• The density of human population is
the number of the population
occupying a certain area over a unit
of time.

13. • The densities of human populations
in various areas are not the same
and is always changing.
• It is caused by population dynamics
which include birth, death and
migration.
• It may also be caused by an uneven
spread of population in certain
regions.

14. • The densest region in Indonesia is in Java
island which is approximately 127,499
square kilometers in area and had a
population of approximately 121.3 million
people in the year 2000.
• That means that the population density was
951 people/km2.
• In the year 2010, the population of Java
island increased to 136.6 million people.
• That means, the population density of Java
island in 2010 became 1,071 people/km2.

15. • Uneven density and the spread of
population can cause a development gap,
both in physical and non-physical
development.
• Physical development includes, the
construction of buildings, houses, roads,
bridges, and amusement parks.
• Non-physical development includes
developments related to the improvement
of the quality of living, including mental
and spiritual.
• Some examples are public services,
education facilities, healthcare facilities,
religious facilities, and cultural centers.

16. • Another issue which is related to the
uneven population spread is the
difference between the population
density in villages and in the cities.
• Cities have a denser population
compared to villages because cities
are more appealing and there are
more job opportunities.

17. D. Issues Related to
Population Density
1. Welfare
Good levels of population welfare are
indicated by good healthcare and
nutrient sufficiency, sufficient
education, and decent housing.
Efforts that are being done by the
government to improve the welfare of
Indonesians are as follow ;

18. 2. Social and economics issues
3. Land avaibility
4. Food avaibility
5. Clean water and fresh air
avaibility
6. Public safety
7. Environtmental damage

19. EXERCISE
1. What does migration mean? Write
and explain various types of
migration!
2. What does population density mean?
3. Mention 5 issues related to
population density!
4. What is natality and mortality?
5. In 2009 a city has 150.000 people, the
birth is 150 in year 2010, count the
birth rate!