The document discusses population distribution and demography. It defines key population terms like population density, birth rate, death rate, and population pyramids. It notes that population distribution is uneven worldwide, with more people living near coastal regions and cities. Europe's population is currently falling due to low birth rates, though migration can help offset this decline. The global population is growing, with China and India having the largest populations currently.

1. POPULATION
S T U D Y I N G T H E W O R L D ’ S I N H A B I TA N T S
Developed by Lydia Emory

2. BELLRINGER
• What comes to
your mind when
you hear the word
Population?
• What is an
inhabitant?

3. DEMOGRAPHY: THE STUDY OF POPULATIONS
AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS
• Population Distribution- The pattern of where people live.
– There are 3 factors that affect population distribution:
• Physical: People usually live in temperate climates, areas of low altitude, and places
near water.
• Historical: Areas inhabited since ancient times that continue to be lived in today, such
as ancient cities in Egypt.
• Socioeconomic: People prefer to live in areas with fertile soils and energy resources.
They also like to live in areas with industry and services, such as cities.
• http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/

4. POPULATION DENSITY
• Definition: Connects the number of inhabitants (total population) of an
area with the size of the territory in square kilometers (inhabitants/km2).
We use this to compare population sizes.

6. PRACTICE PROBLEMS FOR
CALCULATING POPULATION DENSITY
• Spain:
– Population: 46,070,146 Km2: 498,980
• China:
– Population: 1,388,232,693 Km2: 9,326,410
• The United States:
– Population: 326,474,013 Km2: 9,147,593
• Mongolia:
– Population: 3,051,900 Km2: 1,553,556

7. • Very Low Population Density:
below 10 inhabitants/km2
• Low Population Density:
between10 and 50
inhabitants/km2
• Moderate Population
Density: between 50 and 100
inhabitants/km2
• High Population Density:
over 100 inhabitants/km2

8. UNEVEN
DISTRIBUTION
OF POPULATION
• Population distribution means
the pattern of where people live.
World population distribution is
uneven. Places which are barely
populated contain few people.
Places which are densely
populated contain many people.
• High concentrations of people
usually are located around coastal
regions and cities. Rural areas and
interior territories are generally
less populated.

9. THE GLOBAL POPULATION
• China is currently the most populated country in the world. However;
India’s population is almost a big and is expected to be larger than
China’s by 2022.
• Nigeria is the most populated African country with 182 million people.
By 2050, the population is expected to be around 400 million people.
• Europe’s population is currently falling because of falling birth rates.
• Megacities: Cities with a population over 10 million people
• Tokyo- 37,843,000 inhabitants
• New York City- 20,630,000 inhabitants
• Mexico City- 20,063,000 inhabitants

10. DEMOGRAPHIC RATES
• Birth rate = number of births/total population x 1000
• Death rate = number of deaths/total population x 1000
• Fertility Rate = number of births/number of women between 15 and 49 x 1000
• Infant Mortality Rate = number of deaths in children under 1 year old/number of
births x 1000
• Rate of Natural Increase = birth rate – death rate

11. CALCULATE THE BIRTH AND DEATH
RATES
• Spain 2005:
– Births: 466,371 Deaths: 387,355 Total Population: 43,854,761
• Spain 2010
– Births: 486,575 Deaths: 382,047 Total Population: 46,601,492
• Spain 2014
– Births: 427,595 Deaths: 395,830 Total Population: 46,259,716
– http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.CBRT.IN?view=map

12. POPULATION STRUCTURE
THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF POPULATION:
• Biological:
– Sex:
• Male/Female
– Age:
• Young population (0-14)
• Adult population (15-64)
• Elderly population (65-
and over)
• Economic:
– Population’s level of
activity
• Active population
– Working population
– Unemployed population
– Those looking for their
first job.
• Inactive population
Population can be analyzed by either Biological or Economic factors.

13. ECONOMIC SECTORS
• Primary Sector:
– Involves obtaining products
directly from nature. For
example, agriculture,
livestock farming, fishing,
and exploitation of forests.
• Secondary Sector
– Involves the transformation
of natural products. For
example, mining, energy
production, industry and
construction.
• Tertiary Sector
– Provides services to people,
such as education, health,
retail, etc. This is the largest
sector. It also includes jobs
that require high levels of
expertise and training.

14. POPULATION PYRAMIDS
CHARTS TO SHOW POPULATION IN AGES BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN
• Vertical Axis: Shows the age groups of
males and females. Each group covers
5 years starting with 0-4 years old, and
ending with 85+ years old.
• Horizontal Axis: Shows the sexes-
males are shown on the left and
female is shown on the right.
• Age groups are divided by color for
young, adult, and elderly. They are also
referred to as the base, trunk, and
top.

15. TYPES OF
POPULATION
PYRAMIDS
• Triangular-Shaped Pyramid
– Shows that a population is growing or expanding
– Corresponds to a young population
• Pointed Arch or Bell-Shaped Pyramid
– Shows that a population is stable; neither growing nor
shrinking
– Corresponds to an adult population
• Urn or Bulb-Shaped Pyramid
– Shows that a population is not growing and/or shrinking
– Corresponds to an ageing population

17. • ://populationeducation.org/content/
world-population-video
• Are people living longer or
shorter lives nowadays?
Why?
• Is the global population
growing too quickly?
• More than 90% of the
world’s population lives in
the Northern Hemisphere.
• Population density is
higher in coastal regions
than inland.

18. EUROPEAN POPULATION
• Europe is a highly populated continent; however, there is a falling birth
rate which is causing the population to decrease.
• There are currently 738 million inhabitants in Europe (10% of the global
population).
– The population density of Europe is approximately 70 inhabitants/km2. However, it
is unevenly distributed.
– Europe currently has one of the world’s highest percentages of population over 65
years old (24%).

19. IS EUROPE’S FALLING POPULATION A
PROBLEM?

20. POPULATION REPLACEMENT
• Definition: The number of births needed to ensure population levels don’t fall. An
average of 2.1 children per woman (between the ages of 15-49) is
needed to achieve population replacement.
• The current average European rate is currently 1.6.
– This is not a high enough rate for Population Replacement!

21. MIGRATION
• Definition: The movement by
people from one place to
another with the intentions of
settling, permanently in the new
location. The movement is often
over long distances and from
one country to another
• Emigration/Immigration
*Immigrants can
replace falling
populations. So why
are so many societies
against them?

22. • Massive Population Movements
– These are a major challenge to destination countries and leads nations to adopt
control methods for population.
• Regulate Arrival of Migrants
– The arrival of desperate people to a new territory may cause conflict with the
resident population, especially in times of economic crisis.
• Establish Rights and Working Conditions
• Plan Policies to Promote Immigration
– Educating immigrants on the lifestyles and culture of their new home
(multiculturalism).
– Create policies to make it easier for immigrants to return home.

23. WHY IS MIGRATION
RELEVANT AND
IMPORTANT?• Syrian Refugee Crisis
– 11 million Syrian Refugees fled their homes in search of a safe place to live.
– About 1 million refugees applied for Asylum in European countries.
• Influx of immigrants arriving to Spain and other
Mediterranean countries from Northern Africa.
http://www.migrationpolicycentre.eu/migrant-crisis/focus-on-syrians/

24. WHY IMMIGRANTS ARE NECESSARY
• With falling populations in Europe, it is
actually necessary for countries to accept
immigrants in order to uphold their
economic society.
• Syrian Refugees:
– Most of these refugees are educated
professionals. They are fleeing from
war and violence and have no other
option but to go somewhere new.
• Northern African Refugees
– Much of the time (not always), these
refugees are leaving their countries in
search of better economic/job
opportunities.

26. BIRTH RATE POLICIES
• Encouraging more births
– Governments encourage citizens to have more births to offset the ageing
populations and to sustain population.
• Anti-natal policies:
– These policies are meant to stop the population explosion.
– Governments limit the number of children a family is allowed to produce.

27. CHINA’S ONE-CHILD
POLICY
• In the 1970s, the Chinese government
implemented a demographic policy to reduce
population growth. Families were permitted to
have only one child.
• Discuss with your partner the Chinese one-child
policy. List the advantages and disadvantages of
having this policy. Then, form your own opinion and
tell me if you think that the one-child policy is a good
idea or not and tell me why.

28. REVIEW
• What are the 3 factors that affect Population
Distribution?
• How do you calculate Population Density?
• How do you calculate birth rate and death
rate?
• What is a Population Pyramid?
• Is Europe’s population rising or falling?
Why?
• What is Migration and why is it important?