3. What is Population?
•Is a group of similar species
living in a certain place at the
same time.
•Is the interaction between
the organisms that causes a
population to change.
4. •Refers to a group of
organisms of the same kind
or specie living in the same
place at the same time.
•A population may increase or
decrease due to birth, death,
and migration.
6. What is
Demography?
•Is the science that deals with
age, size, distribution, and
number of births and deaths
of human population.
7. •Is the study of the growth,
structure and movement of
human populations. It focuses
on enumerations (censuses),
which take stock of a
population at a moment in
time, and also flows of vital
events—births, deaths,
marriages, and migratory
movements.
8. •Scientists study a population
by examining how individuals
in that population interact
with each other and how the
population as a whole
interacts with its
environment.
9. What is Demographic
Trends?
•It refer to any measurable
change in the characteristics
of a population over time like
increase or decrease of a
particular ethnic group, sex,
ratio, etc.
10. What is Population
Growth?
•It is the change in a
population over time and can
be quantified as the change in
number of individuals of any
species.
14. 3. Life Expectancy – refers to
the average number of years
that a person can expect to
live. Economic development is
positively correlated. More
developed the country, higher
the life expectancy. Life
expectancy at birth is
increasing worldwide.
15. 4. Migration – the transfer of
species from one place to
another for residential and
occupational reasons.
-Migrations occur for better
financial opportunities.
16. -Push factors – are liable for
out-migration which includes
war, famines, political unrest,
economic disorder, ethnic
conflict etc.
17. Factors which Influence
Population Change
1.BIRTH RATES
-A high birth rate coupled with
a low death rate result in a
positive change in population.
-Fecundity refers to the ability
to give birth to many children.
18. 2. DEATH RATE
- This factor is sometime
expressed as mortality and it
refers to the number of deaths
within a given population.
- Infant Mortality Rate – is the
number of deaths in the first
year of life per one thousand
live births.
19. - Child Mortality Rate – is the
number of deaths of children
aged between 1 and 5 years
per one thousand live births.
- Adult Mortality Rate – refers
to the number of adult dying.
20. - Large-scale mortality – may
be caused by an outbreak of
war, famine, disease epidemic
or natural disasters such as
floods, earthquakes, and
volcanic eruptions.
21. 3. MIGRATION – is the
movement of people from
place or region to another
which result in change of
residence.
22. Types of Migration
a.Immigration – the number of
species that entered the
land. People who move to a
place add to the population.
b.Emigration – the number of
species that leave the land
lessen the population of that
place.
23. •Internal Migration - this is a
movement of people within a
country.
•External Migration - are also
known as international,
interstate migration. It is the
movement of people from
their own countries to other
countries.
24. B. Density
•Refers to the number of
persons living per square
kilometer.
•Population density increases
when the factors are
favorable to the population
and decreases when they are
unfavorable.
26. C. Distribution
•The arrangement of the
individuals of a population
within a particular space.
•Random Distribution - There
is no specific order in random
distribution, the organism is
spread throughout the area
without an over-all pattern.
27. •Uniform Distribution - the
organism are evenly
distributed over an area.
•Clumped Distribution - the
organism are concentrated in
an area. It may offer the
population protection from
enemies.
28. •Age Structure – is the
proportion in each age class.
It influences whether a
population increase and
decrease in population.
29. MAIN CONSEQUENCES OF
POPULATION GROWTH
1.Investment: Faster
population growth makes the
choice more scarce between
higher consumption now and
the investment needed to
bring higher consumption in
the future.
30. 2. Pressure on Resources:
Rapid population growth tends
to overuse the country’s
natural resources. Increase of
demand in agricultural
products, water and other
resources.
31. 3. Urbanization: population
growth often leads to rapid
urbanization as people moves
from rural areas to cities in
search of better oppurtunities.
Unplanned urbanization can
result in informal settlements,
and overcrowded.
32. 4. Per Capita Income: The
effect of population growth on
per capita income is
unfavorable.
•Pressure on Land.
•Rise in costs of consumption
goods.
•Increase in family members,
expenses increase.
33. 5. Standard of Living: A rapidly
increasing population leads to
an increased demand for food
products, clothes, houses, etc.
But their supplies cannot be
increased in the short run due
to the lack of cooperant
factors like raw materials,
skilled labor, capital, etc.
34. 6. Agricultural Development:
Agriculture is their main
occupation. So with
population growth the land-
man ratio is disturbed.
Pressure of population on land
increases because the supply
of land is inelastic.
35. 7. Employment: A rapidly
increasing population plunges
the economy into mass
unemployment and under-
employment. As population
increases, the proportion of
workers to total population
rises.
36. 8. Social Infrastructure: Due to
the scarcity of resources, it is
not possible to provide
educational, health, medical,
transport and housing
facilities to the entire
population.
37. 9. Labor Force: The labor force
in an economy is the ratio of
working population to total
population.
38. 10. Capital Formation: A
rapidly growing population by
lowering incomes, savings and
investment compels the
people to use a low level
technology which further
retards capital formation.
39. 11. Environmental Damage: It
leads to overgrazing and
cutting of forests for
cultivation, pollution leading
to severe environmental
damage.
40. Reasons why
Filipino have an
Immense Growth of
Population
•Tradition of having big
families
•Question of Gender
41. •The male macho image
•Educational background
•Unsatisfactory/Ineffective
family relationship
•Economic reasons
• Religious reasons
44. •Environmental problem -
Increase in population means
increase in waste materials
throw in the environment and
there is a greater degradation
and deterioration of nature.
45. •Social problem - Over
population may result to
prostitution, drug addiction,
crime, juvenile delinquency,
suicide and others due to lack
of opportunity to have a nice
stable job because of too
much competition.
46. •Economic problem - The
economists consider
population growth a problem
because it hinders the
country's effort to satisfy the
needs of the citizens
(government program).
47. •Educational problem - It is a
problem when the Philippine
government cannot provide
enough education,
classrooms school facilities,
education materials even
qualified teachers.
48. •Health problem - conditions:
prevalence of disease,
epidemics; and
•Undernourishment Spiritual
and moral problem - due to
overpopulation, people
become materialistic and
liberalistic.
49. The morality and spirituality of
young generation seem rapidly
declining. Malnutrition due to
lack of food and food
nutrients, unsanitary
surroundings due to
51. •Problem of food supply -
Overpopulation leads to
problem on how to provide for
people's basic needs.
Problem of destruction of
nature. If there are more
people, more food supply is
needed.
52. When there is food shortage,
this means there is not
enough food supply to sustain
the needs of the people.
Which resulted to panic
buying, hoarding, prices of
commodities also go up.
53. •Problem of destruction of
nature - population growth
may result to test
deteriorating environmental
resources, such as virgin
forest Agricultural lands are
converted into industrial
sites, biodiversity becomes
endangered.
54. Solutions to
Problems on
Population Growth
•Development programs to
increase food production
provide potable water supply,
construct more road and
bridges.
55. •Promoting health and
wellness of the people by
building more hospitals,
health clinics and render
effective health services.
•The government has carried
out housing programs on low
cost housing in cooperation
with the National Housing
Authority.
56. •To protect our environment,
the government has initiated
environment protection
project like Pasig
Rehabilitation Program and
Haribon Fondo Program.
57. •Congress has passed laws on
environment care and
protection such as Philippine
Clean Water Act and Clean
Air.
59. 5. Healthcare Services
6. Empowerment of women
7. Public Awareness
campaigns
8. Urban Planning
9. Migration Policies
10. Environmental
Conservation
60. 1. Family Planning
and Contraception
•Providing access to
contraceptives and family
planning services to help
individuals and couples
control the timing and
spacing of their children.
62. 3. Economic
Incentives
•Offering financial incentives
or benefits to families who
have fewer children, such as
tax breaks, subsidies for
education or healthcare, or
cash transfers.
63. 4. Legal Regulations
•Implementing laws or policies
to limit the age for marriage,
number of children a family
can have, such as China’s
former one-child policy (now
two-child policy).
64. 5. Healthcare
Services
•Providing access to maternal
and child healthcare services
to reduce infant mortality
rates, which can lead to lower
birth rates as parents feel
more confident in the survival
of their children.
65. 6. Empowerment of
Women
•Promoting gender equality
and women’s rights, including
employment opportunities,
and reproductive health
services, which can lead to
voluntary reduction in fertility
rates.
66. 7. Public Awareness
Campaigns
•Educating the public about
the benefits of smaller
families for individuals,
communities, and the
environment, as well as the
importance of family planning
and contraception.
67. 8. Urban Planning
•Encouraging urbanization and
planned development to
accommodate growing
populations in cities, which
can help manage resources
more efficiently and reduce
pressure on rural areas.
68. 9. Migration Policies
•Implementing policies to
regulate immigration and
emigration, which can
influence population growth
rates by controlling the
movement of people across
borders.
