This document discusses different types of movements that can occur in plants. There are three main categories: hygroscopic, endogenous, and exogenous movements. Hygroscopic movements are caused by changes in water levels in plant cells, like the opening of fern sporangium. Endogenous movements have internal stimuli as their cause, like cytoplasmic streaming. Exogenous movements are in response to external stimuli and include tropisms like phototropism, nastic movements controlled by the plant itself, and taxis movements directing plant parts towards stimuli.

1. MOVEMENT IN PLANT

2. • Based on its stimulus, the movements in
plant are grouped into three :
1. HYGROSCOPIC MOVEMENT
2. ENDOGENOUS MOVEMENT
3. EXOGENOUS MOVEMENT /ETIONOM

3. HYGROSCOPIC MOVEMENT
• Is movement of part of plant that is caused by
the influence of the change of water level from
its cells so happens non-homogenous
wrinkling
• Example
 the breaking of dried Calanchoe pinnata
fruit (pacar air)
 the opening of sporangium in fern as the
cause of wrinkling annulus cells

5. ANULUS

7. The opening of sporangium of moss as the cause
of the wrinkling peristome cells

8. ENDOGENOUS MOVEMENT
(autonomic)
• Is movement that is not known yet its cause certainly
but predicted this motion is caused by stimulus that
comes from the body of plant itself.
• Examples
the flowing movement of cytoplasm in cell
the bending movement of leaf bid because of
difference of growth velocity

9. EXOGENOUS MOVEMENT
(etionom/esionom)
• Is plant movement that it is caused by
external stimulus
• External stimulus such as :
Light, gravity, water, touch, and chemical
substance

10. The various kinds of
exogenous movements
in plants
1. Tropism movement
2. Nastic movement
3. Taxis movement

11. TROPISM MOVEMENT
• Is movement of part of plant to stimulus that is
movement direction is determined by the
stimulus
• Kinds of tropism
1. phototropism
2. geotropism
3. chemotropism
4. thigmotropism
5. hydrotropism

12. PHOTOTROPISM
• Is tropism movement
that caused by stimulus
of light
• Examples
 the tip of plant that
lies in room will
bend to direction of
incident light

13. GEOTROPISM
• Is tropism movement that follows earth
gravitational force
• positive geotropism is geotropism
movement that its direction is downward
• Negative geotropism is geotropism
movement that its direction upward

14. GEOTROPISM

15. CHEMOTROPISM
• Is tropism movement that is caused by
chemical substances stimulus
• Example :
 the movement of root to food/fertilizer
substance in soil

16. THIGMOTROPISM
• Is tropism movement that is caused by
stimulus of touch to harder thing
• Example
 Tendril of plant movement

17. HYDROTROPISM
• Is the movement of plant root that is
influenced by reservation of soil water.

18. NASTIC MOVEMENT
• Is plant movement to stimulus, that its
direction is not determined by stimulus but by
plant itself
• Kind of nastic movement
1. photonasty
2. nictinasty
3. thigmonasty
4. thermonasty
5. complex nasty

19. PHOTONASTIC
• Is nasty movement that its caused by
stimulus of light
• example
 the opening of Mirabilis jalapa flower at
certain time

20. NICTINASTY
• Is nasty movement that its caused by
dark condition (sleeping movement)
• Examples
 the closing of Butterfly flower ‘s
leaves at night
 the closing of compound leaves of
Leucaena glauca at night

21. THIGMONASTY/seismonasty
• Is nasty movement that
it’s caused by stimulus
of touch
• Example
 the closing of leaves
of Mimosa pudica
when touched

22. THERMONASTY
• Is nasty movement that is
caused by temperature
stimulus
• Example
 Tulip flower will
bloom if suddently
get temperature
increasement

23. COMPLEX NASTY
• Is nasty movement that is caused by
several factors altogether
• Example
 the opening and closing of stomata
is influenced by light, chemical
substance and water

24. Picture The Opening And Closing Of Stomata

25. TAXIS MOVEMENT
• Is transfer movement of all part of plant to stimulus
that its direction is determined by the stimulus
• Kinds of taxis movement
1. phototaxis
2. chemotaxis

26. PHOTOTAXIS
• Is taxis movement that is caused by
stimulus of light
• Example
 the movement of chlorophyll to
surface/nearer surface the leaves to
get the light

27. CHEMOTAXIS
• Is the taxis movement that is caused by
chemical substances stimulus.
• Example
 movement of spermatozoid of moss and
fern to ovum that is found in archegonium
attracted to the sugar or protein that is
produced by archegonium

30. Do The Exercise Chapter 8
Page 199 – 200
Multiple Choices and Essay
Just The Answers
Do on your notebook

31. You can also download this slide on
http://www.slideshare.net/alfikesturi
Or on
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Created by Alfie_MSK, A Biology teacher of GIS JH