This document discusses the exploration and colonization efforts of Portugal, Spain, and other European powers in the 15th-16th centuries. It mentions Portugal initially leading European exploration by sailing around Africa, while Spain explored westward across the Atlantic. It then focuses on Spanish conquests in the Americas led by figures like Christopher Columbus, Hernan Cortes, and Francisco Pizarro who established empires in Mexico and Peru at the expense of indigenous groups like the Aztecs and Incas. The document also references the Treaty of Tordesillas which divided colonial rights between Portugal and Spain.

1. Portugal looses the lead.

2. Portugal looses the lead.

3. Portugal looses the lead.

4. Portugal looses the lead.

5. Portugal looses the lead.

6. Portugal looses the lead.

7. Spain explores Westward.

8. • While Portugal sailed around Africa, the Spanish sailed west across the Atlantic
Ocean.

9. • While Portugal sailed around Africa, the Spanish sailed
west across the Atlantic Ocean.

10. Muslim Empire

11. Catholic Spain slowly won its independence from the Muslim Empire.

12. Muslim Empire

13. Muslim Empire

18. The Spanish converted the mosque of Cordoba into a Catholic Church, after Muhammad XII
surrendered (January 1492).

22. Christopher Columbus 1451-1506
Columbus argued the distance from Spain to Japan as 3,700 km, the correct
figure 19,600 km.

23. “Nothing that results from human progress is achieved through unanimous
consent, those that are enlightened before others are condemned to purse that
light in spite of others”
Christopher Columbus 1451-1506

24. Christopher Columbus 1451-1506

25. Christopher Columbus 1451-1506

26. Christopher Columbus 1451-1506
He thought he was in India.

27. Christopher Columbus 1451-1506

28. Christopher Columbus 1451-1506

29. Christopher Columbus 1451-1506

30. Christopher Columbus 1451-1506

31. TheTreaty ofTordesillas, 1494 &
The Pope’s Line of Demarcation
Portugal and Spain

32. Pre-ColumbianHistory.pptx

33. Looking for “El Dorado”

34. FernandoCortez
Conquistadors

35. FernandoCortez MontezumaII
vs.

36. The Death of Montezuma II

37. Mexico Surrenders to Cortez

38. FranciscoPizarro Atahualpa
vs.

39. Spanish and Portuguese Empires in the Americas 1550

45. The crew of Ferdinand Magellan sailed around the world opening up new
possibilities.

46. Soon, Spain colonized the Philippines (named after King Philip of Spain) and established direct
trade with China.

47. By 1600, Spain had established a huge maritime and land empire.