The document discusses three major philosophies that emerged in China during the Warring States period: Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism. Confucianism taught that society should be based on traditional social hierarchies and that people could improve themselves through education. Daoism advocated living simply and in harmony with nature. Legalism viewed people as inherently selfish and taught that strict laws and punishments were needed to control society. The document provides overview of the key teachings of each philosophy.

1. The Global Tapestry
(c 1200)
By Jack Garrity

2. August 17th – 18th, 2021
Compelling Question: Do traditional classical and medieval trade routes affect us today in the
USA? How is the US war in Afghanistan related to international trade? After the collapse of
classical civilization, how did the globe recover?
Objective: We will examine the resiliency of traditional international trade routes and
evaluate their impact on societies. We will locate major cultural centers of the 12th Century
on our maps.
Individual Work/ Homework: Group or individual Research on one of the major world
cultures of the 12th Century Global Tapestry. Report to the class what is interesting about it.

3. https://apnews.com/article/afghanistan-taliban-
784681c4400b097cf73b93cec34c5c61

5. 13th Century

6. Chinas one
Today, the US is scrambling to invest more in Asia to counter China's 'Belt and Road'
mega-project.

11. Compelling Question
Can civilization recover from a global trade and intellectual meltdown? How did
civilization recover after the fall of the Western Roman, Han, and Gupta Empires?

12. Compelling Question
Can civilization recover from a global trade and intellectual meltdown? How did
civilization recover after the fall of the Western Roman, Han, and Gupta Empires?

13. Compelling Question
Can civilization recover from a global trade and intellectual meltdown? How did
civilization recover after the fall of the Western Roman, Han, and Gupta Empires?

14. By 500 CE, the world trade networks collapsed as classical civilizations collapsed throughout
Europe, Africa, and Asia that had brought prosperity for more than a 1000 years.

15. A combination of pandemics, civil wars, internal revolts, and external invasions brough down the
Han dynasty, Roman Empire, and Gupta India.

16. Compelling Question
Epidemic diseases struck both the Han and Roman Empire followed by invading barbarians,
and social unrest destroying city life globally. .

17. By 300 CE, a combination of pandemics, civil wars, internal revolts, and external invasions brough
down the Han dynasty, sending China into chaos.

18. China’s Three Kingdoms period gave way to the 10 Kingdom (5 dynasty) period in East Asia by the
10th Century.

19. Europe
By 476 CE, Europe’s classical civilization (Roman Empire) with Universities, city life,
artists, scientists, and engineers fell to pandemics, internal strife, and outside
invaders.

20. Europe
Became an illiterate backwards area where life was brutal, and
uncertain.

21. The collapse of classical empires threw Europe back into an age. Life was brief, boring, and brutal.

22. By 528 CE, Gupta India, the center of world trade and cultural exchange broke down from internal
civil wars, class conflicts, and external invasions.

23. In America, classical Mayan Civilization broke down from city state completion, class conflicts, and
droughts. Maya people abandoned city life in mass.

24. In America, classical Mayan Civilization broke down from city state completion, class conflicts, and
droughts. Maya people abandoned city life in mass.

25. Introduction
Yet, stability remained in North Africa and Central Asia. An Islamic Empire centered in
Bagdad stretching from India to Spain.

26. Introduction
Between 1200 and 1450, international trade, empires and civilizations rose again.

27. Introduction
New centers of civilization appeared, others replaced earlier centers. Most depended on
the revival of regional trade, increasing since around 600.

28. Introduction
The Song Dynasty revived the Chinese Empire of East Asia.

29. Introduction
The fierce Culhua Mexicans replaced the Mayans, establishing the Aztec Empire in
North America.

30. Introduction
The ancestors of the Incas built cities in South America. .

31. Introduction
Two Islamic intellectual centers rose in Spain and Bagdad.

32. Introduction
In Bagdad, Islamic scholars and rulers preserved and expanded the Classical Ancient’s
knowledge, known as The House of Wisdom, including a library over 400,000 books.

33. Introduction
In Western Africa, the Empires of Ghana and Mali traded northwards across the
Sahara Desert.

34. Introduction
Trade in Mali helped King Mansa Musa’s rise as the richest human being of all time (700
billion),ruling from Timbuktu.

35. Introduction
In East Africa, large states like Zimbabwe grew with trade from the Indian Kingdoms of
South Asia and even the Kingdoms of South East Asia.

36. Introduction
Zimbabwe’s Dhows ships with lateen sails allowed captains to sail against the winds of
the Indian Ocean.

37. Introduction
Zimbabwe’s Dhows ships with lateen sails allowed captains to sail against the winds of
the Indian Ocean.

38. Introduction
Yet all was not peaceful trade, war often the natural state of humans.

39. Introduction
In the 1100’s, the emergence of the dreaded Mongol Empire united Eurasia, intensifying
global interactions, creating the largest land empire in world history.

40. Introduction
Genghis Khan and his decedents would rule and empire from the Pacific Ocean to Eastern Europe and Africa.

41. Locate the following on a world map
Aztec Empire Indian Ocean
Song China Atlantic Ocean
Yangzi River Pacific Ocean
Yellow River Put and label major International Trade routes between
Zimbabwe West Africa and South West Asia
Mongolian Empire South West Asia and India
Mali East Africa and India
Timbuktu India and China
Ghana Silk Road
Niger River East Africa and South East Asia
Baghdad India and South East Asia
Tigris River China and India
Euphrates River Europe and Constantinople, Istanbul
Constantinople
Venice

42. In your notebook.
Extension:
Research and write an introductory paragraph on one of the following. Song China,
Aztec Empire, Songhai Empire, Abbasid Caliph, Caliphate of Cordoba, the Sultan of Kilwa,
Tiwanaku and Chimu.
Some questions to consider…..
Where was it located? When did it flourish? Did it end ? If so when and how? Describe
it’s main culture (religion, beliefs, family life) Describe its’ technology and language.
What is the most interesting thing to you about it?

45. August 19th , 2021
Objective: We will examine three foundational philosophies of China Confucianism,
Daoism, and Legalism and evaluate their impact on societies. We will use translated
primary sources to “Read like a historian”
https://sheg.stanford.edu/history-lessons/confucianism-and-daoism
Individual Work/ Homework: Complete the analysis of the questions in the handout
comparing either Confucianism or Daoism with Legalism .

46. In the News………………….
https://www.voanews.com/east-asia-pacific/ap-looks-inside-chinas-largest-detention-
center-xinjiang

47. The Zhou Dynasty broke down into smaller kingdoms
fighting with each other.

48. The Warring States Period 476 BCE- 247 BCE

49. 3 Chinese philosophies or ways of life spread
throughout China.

50. Warring States Period (476 BCE- 247 BCE)
They came up with very different ideas for what China needed to do to fix its society.

51. Confucianism
The Confucian Analects, 551-479 BCE
Portrait of Confucius from
the Tang Dynasty

52. Zhou Dynasty (1045 BC- 245 BC)
Confucius taught that all people had worth and could be taught. People should
treat each other well and look to traditional Chinese values for harmony in society.

53. Zhou Dynasty (1045 BC- 245 BC)
All human beings are teachable and can improve both individually and through
interactions with the community.

54. Zhou Dynasty (1045 BC- 245 BC)
The key to maintaining society is through traditional social and family relationships
(between father and son, husband and wife, ruler and subject, etc.).

55. Zhou Dynasty (1045 BC- 245 BC)
An ruler should be like a good father to his people.

56. Zhou Dynasty (1045 BC- 245 BC)
All human beings are teachable and can improve both individually and through
interactions with the community. Individuals and the community should constantly
improve for the benefit of everyone.

57. Confucius has many rules for personal relationships, the most important the family.

58. Children owe absolute loyalty to their father and mother.

59. Zhou Dynasty (1045 BC- 245 BC)
As in other cultures, the father rule the family called filial piety.

60. Zhou Dynasty (1045 BC- 245 BC)
Laozi founded Daoism, a philosophy of living a simple life in harmony with nature.

61. Ying and Yang
Positive and Negative are balancing and complementing forces of the universe.

62. Ying and Yang
The balance of the two may serve society best, too much happiness maybe as dangerous as
too much heartache, or bring that on.

63. Better to give up city life and live in balance with nature and the countryside.

64. Daoism, Taoism
The best life lives in harmony and unity with nature.

65. Daoism, Taoism
People live calmly and peacefully.

66. Daoism, Taoism
Intervening in life’s events causes conflict and destruction, so people should
limit their interference and only do what is required.

67. Legalism
As the wars continued, Han Fei helped popularize legalism..

68. Legalism taught people were naturally evil and always acted to avoid punishment
while trying to get ahead

69. So, the law must severely punish any unwanted action, and reward those who
follow it.