Chapter 9 world of islam: Afro-Eurasian connections, Ways of the World bookS Sandoval
AP World History Book, Ways of the World, Second Edition by Robert W. Strayer, Summary of Chapter 11: The Worlds of Islam 600-1500. An age of Accelerating Connections. Study and Enjoy!
The Qin Dynasty which emerged victorious over the 6 other major Kingdoms during “The Warring States” period in China was the first empire that unified what is now roughly modern China. More importantly, it standardized much of the concepts that affected daily life for its citizens, such as money, written language, roads, weights, and measures, and created the basis for the future Chinese role of emperors and the organization of the political structure that continued in its basic form until 1911. It also is credited with some of the greatest public works projects in human history such as the beginning of the Great Wall of China, canal building and irrigation projects, mass production techniques, the Terracotta Warriors of Xian, and a massive mausoleum project for the emperor’s body after death.
Chapter 9 world of islam: Afro-Eurasian connections, Ways of the World bookS Sandoval
AP World History Book, Ways of the World, Second Edition by Robert W. Strayer, Summary of Chapter 11: The Worlds of Islam 600-1500. An age of Accelerating Connections. Study and Enjoy!
The Qin Dynasty which emerged victorious over the 6 other major Kingdoms during “The Warring States” period in China was the first empire that unified what is now roughly modern China. More importantly, it standardized much of the concepts that affected daily life for its citizens, such as money, written language, roads, weights, and measures, and created the basis for the future Chinese role of emperors and the organization of the political structure that continued in its basic form until 1911. It also is credited with some of the greatest public works projects in human history such as the beginning of the Great Wall of China, canal building and irrigation projects, mass production techniques, the Terracotta Warriors of Xian, and a massive mausoleum project for the emperor’s body after death.
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A CONTINENT OF CULTURES
Recent breakthroughs in archaeology and genetics have demonstrated that the first inhabitants of the
Americas arrived from Siberia at least 15,500 years ago BP.* Gradually these nomads filtered southward,
some likely following the Pacific coastline in small boats, others making their way down a narrow,
glacier–free corridor along the eastern base of the Rocky Mountains and onto the northern Great Plains.
There they found and hunted a stunning array of huge mammals, so–called megafauna. These animals
included mammoths that were twice as heavy as elephants, giant bison, sloths that were taller than
giraffes, several kinds of camels, and terrifying, 8–foot–long lions. Within a few thousand years the
descendants of these Siberians, people whom Columbus would wishfully dub “Indians,” had spread
throughout the length and breadth of the Americas.
nomad a member of a group of people who have no fixed home and who move about, usually seasonally,
in pursuit of food, water, and other resources.
Opinion
If your outstretched arm represented North America's human history, contact with Europe would happen
around the second knuckle of your index finger, with the fingertips being the present. Why do you think
students learn so little about the Americas before 1492?
This first colonization of the Americas coincided with, and perhaps accelerated, profound changes in the
natural world. The last Ice Age literally melted away as warmer global temperatures freed the great
reservoirs of water once locked in glaciers. A rise in sea levels inundated the Bering Strait, submerging
the land bridge and creating new lakes and river systems. The emergence of new ecosystems—climates,
waterways, and land environments in which humans interacted with other animals and plants—made for
ever–greater diversity. The first human inhabitants of the Americas had fed, clothed, warmed, and armed
themselves in part by hunting megafauna, and some combination of overhunting and climate change
resulted in the extinction of most of these giants by the end of the Ice Age. As glaciers receded and
human populations increased, the first Americans had to adapt to changing conditions. They adjusted by
hunting smaller animals with new, more specialized kinds of stone tools and by learning to exploit
particular places more efficiently.
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ecosystem a community and/or region studied as a system of functioning relationships between
organisms and their environments.
So it was that between 10,000 and 2,500 years ago distinctive regional cultures developed among the
peoples of the Americas. Those who remained in the Great Plains turned to hunting the much smaller
descendants of the now–extinct giant bison; those in the deserts of the Great Basin survived on small
game, seeds, and e.
Civilizations in Mesoamerica rose and fell repeatedly, leaving behind a distinctive worldview and some mysteries.
Register to explore the whole course here: https://school.bighistoryproject.com/bhplive?WT.mc_id=Slideshare12202017
Cultural Geography of Russia. The cultural geography of Russia, includes relationship with NATO since the fall of the USSR. This vast nation stretches from Europe to the Pacific Ocean.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
6. As the Ice Age ended, sea level rose and the ice melted,
blocking the land route.
7.
8. Global Migrations
The first peoples came to the Americas from Asia 26,000 to
19,000 years ago. years ago.
9. The People
These populations expanded south, occupying both North
and South America, by 12,000 to 19,000 years ago.
10. Between 100,000 and 8,000 years ago, the last Ice
Age had low sea levels that made a land bridge in the Bering
Strait between Asia and North America
11.
12.
13.
14. Most likely, they were hunters chasing the herds of
mammoths, bison and caribou that looked for grazing
land in North America.
15. About 3000 B.C. E, a group of Mesolithic people called
the Inuit had developed a continuous culture in the
distant North of the continent from Asia.
16. Mesolithic Age : the stone age period when Humans made more tools and
homes out of wood and stone. Humans domesticated the wolves.
17. The relatively late arrival of human beings in North and South America, would
put these cultures at a relative disadvantage time wise.
18. By the time the neo lithic Olmec civilization rose in Meso America 1200 BC, the
Shang Dynasty had developed a feudal empire, and the pyramids of Egypt were
more than a thousand years old.
19. About 3000 B.C. E, a group of Mesolithic people
called the Inuit moved into North America
from Asia.
20. They made a variety of tools, harpoons and spears from
antler or narwhal tusks.
36. The Mound Builders Mississippian Culture
Around 800- 1600 a semi Neolithic culture flourished on both sides of the
Mississippi River from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico.
37. The Mound Builders Mississippian Culture
A thousand years before, 5000 humans lived at Poverty Point the first city in
North America (1500 BCE) .
47. Around 700, numerous cities were built across the region. called the
Mississippian Culture. They did not have a writing system that has
been discovered.
55. Between A.D. 850 and A.D. 1150, Cahokia was the seat of government
for the Mississippian culture.
56. City planning and engineering on a large scale, buildings aligned
with Cardinal directions astronomy.
57.
58. Mississippians built enormous earthen mounds,
some of which were as tall as 100 feet and covered an area the size of
12 football fields.
59. The center of the city has a burial mound over 30 meters high with a
base larger than Kufu’s Great Pyramid in Egypt.
60. Cahokia had a least 200 mounds with 10,000 to 15000 people with
another 20,000 – 30,000 in the surrounding areas.
61. There would not be a larger city in North America until New York in
the 1750’s.
62. Cahokia rule over another 50,000 people in other towns along the
Mississippi.
63.
64.
65. Government and Society
The Mississippian society had a rigid class structure, led by a chief
called the Great Sun.
66. Government and Society
Below the Great Sun was an upper class of priests and nobles and a lower class of
farmers, hunters, merchants, and artisans.
73. Gender Roles
Social standing came from the woman's side of the family. For example, when the
Great Sun died, the title passed not to his own son, but to a sister's son.
74.
75. Decline of Mississippian Culture
Mississippian Civilization did not develop writing, so our knowledge comes from
archeology.
76.
77. Decline of Mississipian Culture
People abandoned Cahokia around 1450, it had been in population decline since 1200.
All Mississippian cities by 1600.
78. Decline of Mississipian Culture
People abandoned Cahokia around 1450, and other large Mississippian cities by 1600.
79. Decline of Mississippian Culture
One theory posits that flooding or other weather extremes caused crop failures and the
collapse of the agricultural economy needed to sustain the populations of the large
cities.
81. Decline of Mississippian Culture
More importantly, diseases introduced by the Europeans decimated the population.
82. Decline of Mississippian Culture
Europeans diseases wiped out perhaps 90 percent of some populations, especially those
in large cities.
83. Decline of Mississippian Culture
The Spanish Conquistador Hernando de Desoto (1500-1542) was a three- year reign of
terror on the people of North America (1539-1542).
84. Decline of Mississippian Culture
Desoto (1500-1542) was a liar, murderer thief, and rapist. Claiming himself a God, he
cut people’s hands and noises off and burned them alive and fed them to dogs…..he
enslaved thousands of people along his journey. And worked them to death.
85. Decline of Mississippian Culture
Beginning in the 1500’s , Patriarchic Europeans norms put women as second class
citizens, so British, French, and Spanish men would not negotiate with the traditional
leaders of North American civilizations .
87. Temperate deciduous forests are dominated by trees that lose their leaves
each year. They have warm, moist summers and snowy winters. The region
was affected by the Mississippian Peoples.
88. While the Algonquins remained hunter gathers,
the Iroquois lived in villages made up of
of longhouses surrounded by a wooden fence
around 1000.
104. They made wampum used as money and , which they
read out at meetings. People cannot read it today.
Scholars debate over if it was a true written language or
not today.
107. The Grand Council met regularly to settle differences among
league members.
108. In the 1500’s Deganawida and Hiawatha advocated the Great Peace,
creating a strong alliance for peace called the Iroquois League.
109. In all of your acts, self-interest shall be cast
away. Look and listen for the welfare of the whole
people, and have always in view . . . the unborn of
the future Nation.”
110. Hiawatha the Great (d 1595) spread Deganawidah's vision and
created the first democratic republic in North America.
111. Jigonhsasee (1570–1600. Mother of Nations,)convinced the other
nations to join the confederation , creating the first democratic republic
in North America.
112. This republic predates John Locke’s publications y 89 years, and
influenced Founding Fathers of the USA directly.
113. In 1754, Benjamin Franklin used the Iroquois
League as a model for a Plan of Union for the
British colonies, although some historians
disagree.
114. , Franklin cited the Iroquois as an example of successful political
union, stating
“It would be a very strange Thing, if six Nations of ignorant Savages,
should be capable of forming a Scheme for such an Union, and be
able to execute it in such a Manner, as that it has subsisted Ages, and
appears indissoluble; and yet that a like Union should be
impracticable for ten or a Dozen English Colonies, to whom it is more
necessary, and must be more advantageous; and who cannot be
supposed to want an equal Understanding of their Interests.”
Letter Benjamin Franklin 1751,
115.
116.
117. By 1639, Smallpox epidemic from Europe disrupts much of the
North Eastern Nations.
118.
119. By 1639, Smallpox halves the population of the Huron Indians
in what is now known as southern Ontario, Canada, from
20,000 to 10,000, epidemics would continue throughout Native
Nations until very recently.
120.
121. The Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) Confederacy, longtime
enemies of the Huron, take the opportunity to kill many of the
weakened Huron people and disperse survivors to lands farther
west in Canada and Michigan.
122. .French and British colonists reduced the populations further
with more diseases, war, and byzantine strategies.
123. .French and British colonists would not negotiate with
women, which reduced the political roles of women
greatly.
124. In 1754, Benjamin Franklin used the Iroquois
League as a model for a Plan of Union for the
British colonies.
125. American Revolution
During the American Revolution , the Iroquois divided the League with a
few tribes joining the Americans, most sided with the British.
126. Those that sided with the British fled to Canada, and those with the
USA moved West after the war.
128. Soon after the rise of the Mississippian Civilization, various cultures emerged
in what is now the southwestern United States. Living in a dry region, people
developed ways to collect, transport, and store water efficiently. In addition,
because of the climate, trees were small and scarce, so people had little wood
to use to build homes.
129. The Spanish called these people Pueblos (Spanish for villagers) but archeologists have
identified 4 distinct civilizations in the region.
130. From 750 to today, the Ancestral Pueblos made a
large farming society in Arizona, Colorado Nevada,
New Mexico. .
131. The Ancestral Pueblos are the classical civilization
for the region, yet they did not develop a writing
system.
132. The Ancestral Pueblos used canals and earthen
dams to turn parts of the desert into fertile
gardens
133. By the year 100, corn tech from Mexico allowed
populations to skyrocket, eventually about a
million people had Pueblo culture.
134. They used stone and adobe (sun-dried brick)
to build pueblos
135. Chaco Canyon in northwestern New Mexico,
they built an elaborate center for their civilization
136. • Chaco Canyon flourished from 800-1150 with a
drought.
137. • Chaco Canyon has enough room for 10,000
people, yet did not have enough food for those
numbers.
138. Instead, Chaco Canyon was the center of yearly
religious festivals and parties for ancestral pueblos al
around the region.
139. Chaco Canyon was the center of yearly religious
festivals and parties.
140.
141. Chaco Canyon’s layout provides an astronomical
calendar. Certain buildings light up during the
Summer and Winter Solstice.
142. Chaco Canyon’s layout provides an astronomical
calendar. Certain buildings light up during the
Summer and Winter Solstice.
143. Chaco Canyon (Pueblo Bonito) has eight
hundred rooms housing more than a thousand
people.
144. Chaco Canyon (Pueblo Bonito) has eight
hundred rooms housing more than a thousand
people.
145. At Chaco Canyon (Pueblo Bonito) sophisticated
reservoirs, water canals and irrigation systems
allowed food to be grown.
154. The people of Mesa Verde built multi-
story homes into the sides of cliffs using
bricks made of sandstone.
The book writes that both groups
declined in the late 13th century as the
climate became drier.
Yet, early European exploiters certainly
came across these cultures.