The Spanish founded colonies across the Caribbean and in Mexico and South America in the 1500s. They established St. Augustine, Florida in 1565, the oldest permanent European settlement in the continental United States. Meanwhile, the crew of Ferdinand Magellan completed the first circumnavigation of the globe, opening the Pacific Ocean to European trade and exploration. By 1600, Spain had established a vast colonial empire in the Americas and Asia, acquiring great wealth in silver and other exports. Other European powers like the Dutch, French, and English then started exploring and colonizing parts of North and South America in search of trade routes, natural resources, and territory.

2. • The Spanish founded towns in the Caribbean, Veracruz, Dominican Republic,
and Cuba. They colonized Mexico City and South America.

3. • In 1565, the founded St. Augustine (Florida) the oldest European city in the USA.

9. The crew of Ferdinand Magellan sailed around the world opening up new
possibilities.

10. Soon, Spain colonized the Philippines (named after King Philip of Spain) and established direct
trade with China.

11. Spain’s success against the Aztecs and Incas rekindled European interest in the Americas.

12. These empires had the gold and silver that made exploration, conquest, and settlement
profitable.

13. Europeans soon realized that, by using enslaved Native Americans and later enslaved Africans,
they could grow wealthy by raising sugar, tobacco, and other valuable crops.

14. By 1600, Spain had established a huge maritime and land empire, others followed.

15. China loved silver from Spain’s empire in South America.

16. Silver made its way from what is now Mexico across the Pacific Ocean to East Asia in heavily
armed Spanish galleons, making stops in the Philippines.

17. The Chinese government soon began using silver as its main form of currency. By the early 17th
century, silver had become a dominant force in the global economic system.

18. Manila became a center for international trade, Europeans exchanged silver for luxury goods
such as silk and spices, gold from China. bullion.

19. By the early 17th century, silver had become a dominant force in the global economic system.

20. The Dutch, French, and English began to explore and claim regions in the Americas.

21. French, English, and Dutch explorers all looked for a northwest passage (a route through or
around North America) to East Asia and the precious trade in spices and luxury goods.

22. A NorthWest Passage offered the possibility of being only half the distance of a route that
went around South America.

23. In 1609, the Dutch sent Henry Hudson to explore the East Coast of North America.

24. Henry Hudson sailed up the Hudson River , hoping it led to Asia, sorry Henry.

25. Henry Hudson sailed from the Labrador Sea to Hudson Bay , hoping it led to Asia, sorry Henry.

28. But, the Dutch claimed the Hudson RiverValley and settled the island of Manhattan, called New
Amsterdam (NewYork City today).

30. New Amsterdam became an important node in the Dutch transatlantic trade network.

31. Dutch merchants bought furs from trappers who lived and worked in the forest lands of
Canada.

32. They purchased crops from lands to the south, particularly tobacco fromVirginia planters.

33. They sent these goods and others to the Nether lands in exchange for manufactured goods that
they could sell throughout colonial North America

34. In 1595, the Dutch arrived in Indonesia, making a 500 percent profit by trading silver for spice.

35. The Dutch created The United East India Company, founded Jakarta, attempting to
monopolize the spice trade in South East Asia.

36. In 1535 France sent explorer Jacques Cartier to find a North West Passage.

37. Jacques Cartier sailed into the St. Lawrence River at today's northern U.S. border.

38. While not finding a new route to China, he claimed Canada for France.

39. Eventually, explorers such as Cartier and Samuel de Champlain ( explored 1609-1616)
realized there were valuable goods and rich resources available in the Americas.

40. Instead of gold, the French explored a land rich in furs and other natural resources.

41. In 1608, they established a town and trading post that they named Quebec.

42. French traders and priests spread across the continent.

43. While the traders searched for furs, the nuns and priests (missionaries) wanted to
convert Native Americans to Christianity.

44. In 1639, Marie de l’Incarnation (Ursulines) arrived in New France to convert native girls,
and educate all females.

45. The missionaries sometimes set up schools among the indigenous peoples.

46. In the 1680s, a French trader known as La Salle explored the Great Lakes and followed
the Mississippi River south to its mouth at the Gulf of Mexico. He claimed this vast region
for France.

47. Unlike the Spanish-or the English, the French rarely settled permanently.

48. Instead of demanding land, they traded for the furs trapped by Native Americans.

49. For this reason, the French had better relations with natives than did the Spanish or
English colonists.

50. Yet, French settlements grew slowly. For example, by 1754, the European population of
New France was only 70,000. The English colonies population one million.

52. English Exploration

55. EnglandTakes Interest in America

61. EnglandTakes Interest in America

66. Jamestown Is Founded

67. Jamestown Is Founded

68. Jamestown Is Founded

69. Jamestown Is Founded

70. Plymouth Massachusetts

71. Plymouth Massachusetts
• Most of the citizens of Plymouth were fleeing religious persecution and searching for a
place to worship as they saw fit, not riches.

72. Plymouth Massachusetts
• In US folk law, these puritans celebrated the first Thanksgiving in 1621.