The Age of Exploration began in the 15th century due to advances in navigation technology, a desire to find trade routes to Asia, and the promise of riches. Portugal led the way in exploration down the coast of Africa. Key figures included Prince Henry the Navigator, Bartolomeu Dias who rounded the Cape of Good Hope, Vasco da Gama who reached India, and Christopher Columbus who discovered the Americas while seeking a route to Asia. The voyages of discovery had enormous consequences, including the spread of people, crops, diseases, and empires between Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Americas.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
2. AGE OF
EXPLORATION
The 16th century was the
age of exploration
Technological changes
made longer voyages
possible, while the
demands for commerce
provide the incentive
There were fortunes to be
made and the search was
on for new sources of gold
Portuguese sailing vassal,
circa 16th century
3. The modern world exists in a state of
cultural, political, and economic
globalization. During the fifteenth and
sixteenth centuries two nations,
Portugal and Spain, pioneered the
European discovery of sea routes that
were the first channels of interaction
between all of the world's continents,
thus beginning the process of
globalization in which we all live
today.
6. Causes for the Age of
Exploration
A desire to find a new route to the riches of
Asia - to bypass Italian “middlemen”
Curiosity about the world inspired by the
Crusades and the tales of Marco Polo
Commercial revolution resulted in capitalist
investments in overseas exploration
Religious desire to convert pagans
Search for knowledge, adventurism
7. A Great Age of Exploration
Portugal led the way
– very profitable
New Technology
– improved maps
– astrolabe
– compass
– caravel
The three “Gs”
– God
– Glory
– Gold
Spirit of adventure
8. ‡Scholars at Prince Henry's school of
navigation improved three mariners'
tools: the astrolabe, the triangular
quadrant, and the compass.
‡The astrolabe measures the angle of
stars above the horizon line.
‡The quadrant measures the height of
stars or the sun above the horizon line.
‡The compass was used to determine
direction - north, south, east or west.
Technological Advances
9. Technological Advances
Advances in
technology such as
the astrolabe and the
compass made ocean
navigation more
exact.
Keith’s astrolabe
page
10.
11. Italian City-States
Had a monopoly on existing Mediterranean trade
Had little interest in investing in risky sea explorations
Spain and Portugal would lead the way in exploration
12. Prince Henry the Navigator
Set up a school for
sailors 1450
Secured financing
for expeditions
Sent explorers down
the coast of Africa to
outflank muslims &
spread Christianity
13. PORTUGAL MAKES GAINS
By the 1480s, Portuguese outposts extended to the equator and in
1487 Bartolomeu Dias rounded the tip of Africa and opened the
eastern shores of Africa to Portuguese traders
A decade later, Vasco da Gama rounded the Cape of Good Hope
and crossed the Indian Ocean
Da Gama ‘s
route, left,
and portrait
14. Bartholomeu Dias
In 1488, Dias reached
the southern tip of
Africa, later called
the Cape of Good
Hope.
Died at sea when ship
sunk, 1500
Set stage for route to
India
15. Vasco da Gama
In 1498 da Gama
founded the tip of
Africa and reached
India.
The all-water route,
though long, was
easier, safer, and far
more profitable than
over-land routes.
16. Christopher Columbus
Columbus hoped to
find a route to the
east by sailing west.
In 1492 he
discovered what
would become
known as “The New
World”.
17. The Voyages of Columbus
Columbus made
four voyages to the
“New World”.
Between 1493-1496
he attempted to set
up a colony on
Hispaniola.
The colony on
Hispaniola failed.
He was buried wearing the chains he wore after being
arrested on third voyage
21. WHY IS CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS
SO IMPORTANT?
When Columbus left Spain in 1492, most
people in the world thought there were
only three large land masses: Europe, Asia,
and Africa. Although he didn't realize it, it
was Columbus who proved that idea
wrong.
Unlike other explorers who only wanted to
trade or travel, Columbus built settlements
in the New World. The settlements were
created with the intention of having a
continuing relationship with the peoples of
the New World.
22. WHY IS CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS
SO IMPORTANT?
Columbus's explorations, discoveries, and
settlements led to enormous changes in the
world. These changes brought wealth and the
possibilities of a new life in a New World to
some individuals. These same changes brought
disaster to others.
Even today, more than 500 years after his first
voyage, Columbus is praised by some and
condemned by others. His explorations made it
possible for Europeans to begin a new life in the
colonies of the New World. His discoveries
started the migration of Europeans and their ways
of life to the New World.
23. Ferdinand Magellan
In 1519 Magellan’s
crew completed the
first
circumnavigation of
the earth.
24. Ferdinand Magellan
Magellan reached the Philippine Islands in 1521.
Magellan was killed battling the inhabitants of
the Philippine Island of Mactan.
27. The English, French, & Dutch
Spain and Portugal
remained concentrated
in South and Central
America.
The exploration of
North America was
conducted by England
and France.
The Dutch concentrated
on challenging the
Portuguese in the East
Indies.
Spanish Portuguese
English
French
Dutch
32. The Blending of Cultures
European
Native American
African
33.
34. PUBLIC HEALTH ISSUES
Native Americans,
although originally
Asian, had lost their
immunity to
European diseases
Measles, smallpox
and influenza killed
tens of millions of
native Americans
Europeans, too,
experienced exposure
to illness when
various venereal
diseases impacted
them
39. African Cultural Influences
European sugar craze
– The Spanish and Portuguese began to import
African slaves to work Brazilian and
Caribbean sugar plantations
Exploitation of Central and South
American gold and silver deposits
– the same use of African slave labor
41. Administration of the Spanish
Empire in the New World
1. Encomienda
or forced
labor.
2. Council of
the Indies.
Viceroy.
New Spain and Peru.
3. Papal agreement.
43. There was a concern that Spain and Portugal would have
conflicting territorial claims, so a treaty was proposed in
which Spain would claim lands to the west of a north-south
trending meridian, and Portugal could claim lands to the
east. June 7, 1494
45. 1. Native populations ravaged by
disease.
2. Influx of gold, and especially
silver, into Europe created an
inflationary economic climate.
3. New products introduced
across the continents
[“Columbian Exchange”].
4. Deepened colonial rivalries.
Impact of European Expansion
49. If they were sailing under the Portuguese flag?
If they were sailing under the English flag?
If they were sailing under the French flag?
If they were sailing under the Spanish flag?
If they were sailing under the Dutch flag?
50. Results of Exploration
Overseas expansion led to increased
power and wealth for European powers
Christianity and the culture of Western
Europe spread throughout the world.
The ethnocentric attitudes of Europeans
led to the mistreatment of native
peoples.
Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade began
52. From "World Map Drawn in a Fool's Head." Ca. 1590.
Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris.
53. CONCLUDING THOUGHTS
ON AGE OF EXPLORATION
The Age of Exploration was
filled with good intentions and
important cultural exchanges
of products and ideas that
altered European and world
history
However, it had a dark side –
disease, forced labor and slave
plantations left a lasting
legacy as well