Bryophytes are amphibious primitive land plants that were the first to colonize land. They have a life cycle that alternates between a haploid gametophyte generation that produces gametes and a diploid sporophyte generation that produces spores. The plant body is the gametophyte, which is either a thallus or an erect foliose structure. Bryophytes reproduce sexually through antheridia and archegonia that produce sperm and eggs, requiring water for fertilization. The sporophyte develops from the fertilized egg and produces spores in capsules, which germinate to form new gametophytes.

1. PLANT DIVERSITY
BRYOPHYTES
R. VELMURUGAN
Assistant Professor
Ancillary Botany
Saiva Bhanu Kshatriya College
Aruppukottai
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2. PLANT DIVERSITY
BRYOPHYTES
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3. BRYOPHYTES
POINTS TO REMEMBER
POINTS TO REMEMBER
⚫ Bryophytes are Amphibious Plants.
⚫ First land plant.
⚫ Primitive Land Plants.
⚫ Non-Vascular Cryptogams
⚫ Bryophyta means Moss Plant.
⚫ The word Bryophytes derived from Greek Word.
⚫ Bryon means Moss.
⚫ Named by Robert Brown
⚫ Study of Bryophytes is called Bryology.
⚫ Peoples works in Bryophytes is called Bryologist.
⚫ Father of Indian Bryologist – Prof. Sivaram Kashyap.
⚫ 960 Genera and 24000 species.
⚫ Life cycle is called Alternation of Generation .
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4. BRYOPHYTES
POINTS TO REMEMBER
POINTS TO REMEMBER
⚫ Plant body is a Gametophyte.
⚫ Plant body is Parenchymatous.
⚫ Tissue is well Defined and Differentiate.
⚫ Sex Organs are Multicellular.
⚫ Sex organs are Protected by Sterile cells Layer called Jacket Layer.
⚫ Sexual Reproduction is Oogamous.
⚫ Water is Essential for Fertilization.
⚫ Root like structure called Rhizoids.
⚫ Sporophytic Body is also Called Sporogonium.
⚫ Bryophytes are Homosporous.
⚫ Embryo is Protected by Calyptra.
⚫ Life Cycle is Alternation of Generation.
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5. BRYOPHYTES
GENERAL CHARACTERS
GENERAL CHARACTERS OR SALIENT FEATURES OF BRYOPHYTES
DEFINITION
⚫ Bryophytes are Amphibious Primitive Land Plants.
HABITAT
⚫ Terrestrial Habitat - Live in Moist Damp and Shady Place of Land.
⚫ Some species are Aquatic Ex: Riccia fluitan, Riella Sp.,
Ricciocarpus natans
⚫ Some are species Xerophytes Ex: Encalypta Sp.,
Cynodontium Sp., Ceratodon Sp.
⚫ Some species are Epiphyllous. Ex: Radula
⚫ Some species are live on Bogs Ex : Sphagnum Sp.
⚫ Some species are Saprophytes Ex: Buxbaumia Sp
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6. BRYOPHYTES
GENERAL CHARACTERS
GENERAL CHARACTERS OR SALIENT FEATURES OF BRYOPHYTES
PLANT BODY
GAMETOPHYTE
⚫ The Plant Body is Haploid Gametophyte.
⚫ Plant body is Parenchymatous
⚫ Tissue is well Defined and Differentiate
⚫ Plant Body is of Three types, Namely
⚫ Liver Wort - Riccia, Marchantia
⚫ Horn Wort - Anthoceros
⚫ Mosses - Funaria
⚫ In Liver Wort and Horn Wort, the Plant Body is Dorsiventral Thallus.
⚫ In Mosses, the Plant Body is Erect and Foliose.
⚫ Plant Body is attached to the substratum by Rhizoids.
⚫ Rhizoids are Unicellular or Multicellular and Branched or Unbranched.
⚫
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7. BRYOPHYTES
GENERAL CHARACTERS
PLANT BODY
.
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8. BRYOPHYTES
GENERAL CHARACTERS
PLANT BODY
Liver Wort - Riccia Horn Wort – Anthoceros Mosses - Funaria
.
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9. BRYOPHYTES
GENERAL CHARACTERS
GENERAL CHARACTERS OR SALIENT FEATURES OF BRYOPHYTES
CELL
⚫ Cells are Eukaryotic.
NUTRITION
⚫ Autotrophs – Prepare Own Food by Photosynthesis.
RESERVE FOOD
⚫ The Reserve Food is Starch.
GROWTH
⚫ It is by some Special Cells.
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10. BRYOPHYTES
GENERAL CHARACTERS
REPRODUCTION
It Reproduced by
⚫ Vegetative Method and
⚫ Sexual Method GEMMA CUPS
VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION
It takes place by
⚫ Fragmentation
⚫ Adventitious Branches
⚫ Gemmae
⚫ Tubers
⚫
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11. BRYOPHYTES
GENERAL CHARACTERS
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SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
• Sexual Reproduction is Oogamous type.
• Sex organs are Multicellular and Protected by Sterile layer called
Jacket Layer.
ANTHERIDIA
• Antheridia are Male Sex
Organs. Antheridium is
Club shaped. It Produces
many Male Gametes called
Antherozoids from
Antherozoids Mother Cells
or Androcytes.
• Antherozoids are Haploid
and biflagellate.

12. BRYOPHYTES
GENERAL CHARACTERS
ARCHEGONIA
⚫ Archegonia are Female Sex Organs.
⚫ Archegonium is Flask Shaped.
⚫ It produces single Female Gamete called Egg.
⚫ Archegonium consists of
⚫ Venter and
⚫ Neck
⚫ Venter is a Basal Swollen part and it contains
⚫ A Ventral Canal Cell and
⚫ A Female gamete called Egg.
⚫ Neck is an Upper Narrow part contains 4 to 8 Neck Canal Cells.
⚫ Egg is Haploid and Non-Motile.
⚫ The Mouth of the Neck is closed by 4 Cover or Lid Cells.
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13. BRYOPHYTES
GENERAL CHARACTERS
SPOROPHYTE
⚫ The Sporophyte is also called Sporogonium.
⚫ It is Diploid and consists of
⚫ Foot
⚫ Seta and
⚫ Capsule.
NUTRITION
⚫ Parasites – Completely Depends on
Gametophyte for Food.
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14. BRYOPHYTES
GENERAL CHARACTERS
SPOROPHYTE
REPRODUCTION
It Reproduced by
⚫ Asexual Method
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
⚫ Asexual Reproduction takes place by Spores.
⚫ Spore producing special structures are Capsule.
⚫ Spores are Haploids formed from Diploid Spore Mother Cells
after Meiosis.
⚫ Spores are Homosporous.
⚫ Spores are Germinated into Haploid Gametophytes.
⚫ Spores are first germinates into Green Filamentous structure
called Protonema
⚫ The Protonema develops many young Gametophytes.
⚫
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15. BRYOPHYTES
LIFE CYCLE
LIFE CYCLE
⚫ It is Alternation of Generation and it consists of Two Bodies
Namely
▪ Sporophytic Body and
▪ Gametophytic Body
⚫ In which the Spore Producing Sporophytic Body and
Gametes Producing Gametophytic Body are Depends Each
Other and Alternate With One Another.
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16. BRYOPHYTES
LIFE CYCLE
LIFE CYCLE
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GAMETOPHYTIC BODY
(PLANT BODY)
GAMETES
ZYGOTE
SPOROPHYTIC
BODY
SPORES