BRYOPHYTE
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Bryophytes are small, non-vascular plants. They play a vital role in regulating ecosystems because they provide an important buffer system for other plants. which live alongside and benefit from the water and nutrients that bryophytes collect
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- 1. BRYOPHYTES DR. KIRTI JAIN P R O F E S S O R A N D H E A D D E PA R T M E N T O F B O TA N Y, G O V T. D R . S H YA M A P R A S A D M U K H A R J E E S C I E N C E A N D C O M M E R C E C O L L E G E B H O PA L ( M . P. )
- 2. CONTENTS • Introduction • Classes Of Bryophytes • Characteristics Of Bryophytes • Type of bryophytes • Characteristics Of Bryophytes • vegetative and sexual reproduction in bryophytes • Life cycle of bryophytes • Alternation of generation in bryophytes • Female reproductive structure in bryophytes • sperm produced in bryophytes
- 3. INTRODUCTION • Bryophytes is derived from a Greek word BRYON means Mosses and PHYCA Means plant. • Types of Plants: • Non-vascular Plants. Bryophytes • Vascular Plants Pteridophytes Gymnosperms Angiosperms
- 4. BRYOPHYTES • Bryophytes are small, non-vascular plants, such as mosses, liverworts and hornworts. They play a vital role in regulating ecosystems because they provide an important buffer system for other plants, which live alongside and benefit from the water and nutrients that bryophytes collect
- 5. CLASSES OF BRYOPHYTES The three main groups Liverworts Hornworts Mosses.
- 6. CHARACTERISTICS OF BRYOPHYTES • Occur in damp and shaded areas • The plant body is thallus like, i.e. prostrate or erect • It is attached to the substratum by rhizoids, which are unicellular or multicellular. • They lack true vegetative structure and have a root-like, stem- like and leaf-like structure.
- 7. LIFE CYCLE OF BRYOPHYTE • The life cycle of bryophytes consists of an alternation of two stages, called the sporophyte and the gametophyte. Each generation has a different physical form. • Their life cycles are dominated by a multicellular gametophyte stage. Their sporophytes are unbranched. They do not have a true vascular tissue containing lignin (although some have specialized tissues for the transport of water
- 8. VEGETATIVE AND SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN BRYOPHYTES • Many bryophytes reproduce vegetatively by means of tubers. The tubers are formed on the margins of the thalli of Riccia discolor, R. billardieri, Anthoceros Hali • Bryophyte reproduction happens in two ways Asexual reproduction occurs when a sporophyte releases spores Sexual reproduction happens when gametes fuse and form a zygote.
- 9. ALTERNATION OF GENERATION IN BRYOPHYTES • Alternation of generations is a life-cycle involving two phases of life, which alternate with each other. In Bryophytes, the first phase is the gametophytic phase, in which gametes are produced, that contain half the number of chromosomes.
- 10. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE STRUCTURE IN BRYOPHYTES • The female sex organ is usually a flask-shaped structure called the archegonium. The archegonium contains a single egg enclosed in a swollen lower portion that is more than one cell thick.
- 11. SPERM PRODUCED IN BRYOPHYTES • The sperm are produced within tiny, typically stalked, club-shaped structures called antheridia . The stalk anchors the antheridium to to the gametophyte. Each antheridium produces numerous sperm.
- 12. Thank you