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1 7 Taxonomy -Lamiaceae

This document provides information about the plant family Lamiaceae (mint family). It discusses several genera that are common plants in the family, including Ocimum, Mentha, Leucas, Coleus, Lavandula, and Rosmarinus. It also describes the systematic position of Lamiaceae, diagnostic characters, general characters, vegetative and reproductive morphology, and economic importance of some genera. Key points include that Lamiaceae includes around 200 genera and 3200 species of aromatic herbs and some shrubs, they have opposite leaves, bilabiate flowers, and schizocarpic fruits.

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PLANT TAXONOMY -LAMIACEAE R. VELMURUGAN Assistant Professor Ancillary Botany Saiva Bhanu Kshatriya College Aruppukottai BOTRVMSBKCAPK
LAMIACEAE COMMON PLANTS COMMON PLANTS OF LAMIACEAE OCIMUM Sp. ⚫ OCIMUM SANCTUM -HOLY BASIL -KRISHNA TULASI ⚫ OCIMUM BASILICUM -SWEET BASIL - TIRUNIRUTPATCHI ⚫ OCIMUM GRATISSIMUM -SHRUBBY BASIL -RAMATULASI ⚫ OCIMUM KILIMANDSCHARICUM -KARPURA TULASI MENTHA Sp. ⚫ MENTHA PIPERITA -PEPPERMINT ⚫ MENTHA SPICATA -MINT -PODINA LEUCAS Sp ⚫ LEUCAS MARTINICENSIS -LEUCAS -PERUNTUMBAI ⚫ LEUCAS ASPERA -LEUCAS -TUMBAI ⚫ LEUCAS MOLLISSIMA -LEUCAS -KAATTUTUMBAI ⚫ LEUCAS ZEYLANICA BOTRVMSBKCAPK
LAMIACEAE COMMON PLANTS ⚫ COLEUS AMBOINICUS - Indian Mint – KARPURAVALLI ⚫ COLEUS PARVIFLORUS -KOORKAN KIZHANGU ⚫ COLEUS VETTIVEROIDES -Black Vettiver – KARUPPU VETTIVER ⚫ LAVANDULA ANGUSTIFOLIA -English Lavender -Suganthi ⚫ ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS -Rosemary -Rosemary ⚫ THYMUS Sp. -Thyme -Omam ⚫ POGOSTEMON HEYNEANUS -Indian Patchouli -katirPachi ⚫ SALVIA OFFICINALIS –SAGE Weed -ChimaiKarppuram ⚫ ANISOMELES MALABARICA - Malabar Catmint ⚫ ANISOMELES INDICA -Indian Catmint -PEIMIRATTI ⚫ ROYLEA CINEREA -Ashy Roylea BOTRVMSBKCAPK
LAMIACEAE LEUCAS Sp. BOTRVMSBKCAPK
LAMIACEAE OCIMUM Sp. . BOTRVMSBKCAPK
LAMIACEAE MENTHA Sp. . BOTRVMSBKCAPK
LAMIACEAE POGOSTEMON Sp. . BOTRVMSBKCAPK
LAMIACEAE COLEUS Sp. BOTRVMSBKCAPK
LAMIACEAE ANISOMELES Sp. . BOTRVMSBKCAPK
LAMIACEAE LAVANDULA Sp. BOTRVMSBKCAPK
LAMIACEAE ROSMARINUS Sp. BOTRVMSBKCAPK
LAMIACEAE THYMUS Sp. BOTRVMSBKCAPK .
LAMIACEAE SALVIA Sp. . BOTRVMSBKCAPK
LAMIACEAE SYSTAMATIC POSITION SYSTAMATIC POSITION OF LAMIACEAE ⚫ CLASS : DICOTYLEDONS ⚫ SUB-CLASS : GAMOPETALAE ⚫ SERIES : BICARPELLATE ⚫ ORDER : LAMIALES ⚫ FAMILY : LAMIACEAE (Mint Family) ⚫ GENUS :200 ⚫ SPECIES :3200 BOTRVMSBKCAPK
LAMIACEAE DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS OF LAMIACEAE ⚫ Aromatic Herbs. ⚫ Inflorescence is Special Type called Verticillaster or Racemose. ⚫ Corolla is Bilabiate. ⚫ Stamens are 4, Didynamous and Epipetalous. ⚫ Ovary is Bicarpellary, Tetralocular, Syncarpous and Superior with Many Ovules on Axile Placentation. ⚫ Style is Gynobasic. ⚫ Stigma is Bifid. ⚫ Fruit is Schizocarpic, Split in to Four One Seeded Nutlets BOTRVMSBKCAPK
LAMIACEAE GENERAL CHARACTERS GENERAL CHARACTERS OF LAMIACEAE ⚫ PLANTS are mostly Aromatic Herbs and some Shrubs. ⚫ ROOT are Mostly Branched Tap Root System. ⚫ STEM is Aerial, Herbaceous and Quadrangular. ⚫ LEAVES are Simple, Exstipulate, Opposite-Decussate. ⚫ INFLORESENCE is Racemose or Special Type called Verticillaster ⚫ FLOWER are Pedicellate, Bracteate, Bisexual, Zygomorphic and Hypogynous. ⚫ CALYX Sepals- 5, Gamosepalous and Valvate or Imbricate Aestivation ⚫ COROLLA Petals-5, Gamopetalous and Valvate or Imbricate Aestivation. Corolla is Bilabiate. BOTRVMSBKCAPK
LAMIACEAE GENERAL CHARACTERS ⚫ ANDROECIUM ⚫ STAMENS are 4, Didynamous and Epipetalous. ⚫ ANTHERS are Dithecous and Dehisce longitudinally ⚫ GYNOECIUM ⚫ OVARY is Bicarpellary, Tetralocular, Syncarpous and Superior with Many Ovules on Axile Placentation. ⚫ STYLE is Simple and Gynobasic. ⚫ STIGMA is Bifid. ⚫ POLLINATION is Entomophily. ⚫ FRUIT is Schizocarpic, Split in to Four One Seeded Nutlets ⚫ SEEDS are Non-Endospermous. ⚫ BOTRVMSBKCAPK
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF LAMIACEAE -VEGETATIVE MORPHOLOGY TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF LAMIACEAE VEGETATIVE MORPHOLOGY DISTRIBUTION ⚫ The Family Lamiaceae is Commonly Called Mint Family. It Consists of 200 Genera and 3200 Species and The members are distributed in World-wide in Tropical and Temperate Regions. HABIT ⚫ Mostly Aromatic Herbs - Ocimum, Mentha, Coleus. ⚫ Some Shrubs - Lavandula, Rosmarinus, ⚫ Few Tree - Leucosceptrum and ⚫ Very Few Climbers - Scutellaria HABITAT ⚫ Mostly Mesophytes ⚫ Few Xerophytes -Rosmarinus BOTRVMSBKCAPK
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF LAMIACEAE -VEGETATIVE MORPHOLOGY ROOT ⚫ Mostly Branched Tap Root System. ⚫ Few Adventitious Roots -Mentha STEM ⚫ Mostly Aerial, Erect, Herbaceous and Quadrangular with Glandular Hairs. ⚫ Some Aerial, Erect and Woody - Lavandula ⚫ Few Sub-Aerial stem -Suckers - Mentha ⚫ Very few Weak Stem -Twiner Climbers - Scutellaria LEAVES ⚫ Simple, Petiolate, Exstipulate, Opposite-Decussate and Reticulate Venation with Glandular Hairs. ⚫ The Glandular Hairs secreting Volatile Oils which are scented. BOTRVMSBKCAPK
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF LAMIACEAE REPRODUCTIVE MORPHOLOGY REPRODUCTIVE MORPHOLOGY INFLORESENCE 1. Verticillaster – Leucas 2. Thyrsus - a Raceme of Cymes - Ocimum BOTRVMSBKCAPK
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF LAMIACEAE REPRODUCTIVE MORPHOLOGY INFLORESENCE 3. Spike - Anisomeles 4. Panicle - Pogostemon 5. Solitary - Scutellaria BOTRVMSBKCAPK
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF LAMIACEAE REPRODUCTIVE MORPHOLOGY FLOWER ⚫ Pedicellate, Bracteate, Ebracteolate, Complete, Bisexual, Irregular, Zygomorphic, Pentamerous and Hypogynous. CALYX ⚫ Sepals -5, Gamosepalous, Valvate or Imbricate Aestivation and Persistent. ⚫ In Leucas, Sepals are 8-10 Toothed. ⚫ In Salvia, Calyx is Bilobed. COROLLA ⚫ Petals –5, Irregular, Gamopetalous and Valvate or Imbricate Aestivation. ⚫ Corolla is Bilabiate in which the Petals are Unite at the base into Tube End with Two Lips -Upper Lip and Lower Lip. ⚫ In Leucas, the Two Petals are in Upper Lip and Three Petals in Lower Lip. ⚫ In Ocimum, the Four Petals are in Upper Lip and One Petal in Lower Lip. BOTRVMSBKCAPK
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF LAMIACEAE REPRODUCTIVE MORPHOLOGY ANDROECIUM ⚫ STAMENS are 4, Epipetalous, Didynamous (Two Stamens Long and Two Stamens Short) and the Posterior Stamen Reduce in to Staminode. ⚫ ANTHERS are Dithecous and Dehisce Longitudinally. ⚫ In Salvia, the Two Lower Stamens are only Fertile in which each stamen has a fertile anther lobe and a sterile anther lobe with elongated connective tissue that separate the fertile anther lobe at the tip of stamen. ⚫ In Coleus, the Stamens are Monoadelphous GYNOECIUM ⚫ OVARY is Bicarpellary, Tetralocular, Syncarpous and Superior with Many Ovules on Axile Placentation. ⚫ The Ovary is Bilocular but it becomes Tetralocular due to False Septum. ⚫ The Nectar Secreting Disc is present below the Ovary. ⚫ STYLE is Simple and Gynobasic (Style is Arising from the Base of the Ovary). ⚫ STIGMA is Bifid. BOTRVMSBKCAPK
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF LAMIACEAE REPRODUCTIVE MORPHOLOGY POLLINATION ⚫ Entomophily. FRUIT ⚫ Schizocarpic, Split in to Four one seeded Nutlets. SEED ⚫ Non-Endospermous. BOTRVMSBKCAPK
LAMIACEAE Verticillaster INFLORESENCE BOTRVMSBKCAPK Verticillaster – Leucas • It is a Special Type of Inflorescence. • Verticillaster is a Condense Form of Inflorescence in which Flowers are arranged in Whorl at Nodes. • It consists of Two Dichasial Cymes ends with Monochasial branches on the either side of Node of stem.
LAMIACEAE TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF LEUCAS ASPERA TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF LEUCAS ASPERA HABIT ⚫ Aromatic Herbs. HABITAT ⚫ Mesophytes ROOT ⚫ Branched Tap Root System. STEM ⚫ Aerial, Erect, Herbaceous and Quadrangular with Glandular Trichomes. LEAVES ⚫ Simple, Exstipulate, Opposite-Decussate and Reticulate Venation with Volatile Oil Secreting Glandular Hairs. BOTRVMSBKCAPK
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LAMIACEAE TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF LEUCAS ASPERA INFLORESENCE ⚫ Special Type of Infloresence -Verticillaster. ⚫ Verticillaster is a Condense Form of Inflorescence in which Flowers are arranged in Whorl at Nodes. ⚫ It consists of Two Dichasial Cymes ends with Monochasial branches on the either side of node of stem. FLOWER ⚫ Pedicellate, Bracteate, Ebracteolate, Complete, Bisexual, Irregular, Zygomorphic, Pentamerous and Hypogynous. CALYX ⚫ Sepals–8-10 Toothed, Gamosepalous and Valvate Aestivation COROLLA ⚫ Petals –5, Irregular, Gamopetalous, Valvate Aestivation. Corolla is Bilabiate in which the Upper Lip has 2 Petals and Lower Lip has of 3 Petals. BOTRVMSBKCAPK
LAMIACEAE TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF LEUCAS ASPERA ANDROECIUM ⚫ STAMENS are 4, Epipetalous and Didynamous. ⚫ ANTHERS are Dithecous and Dehisce longitudinally. GYNOECIUM ⚫ OVARY is Bicarpellary, Tetralocular, Syncarpous and Superior with Many Ovules on Axile Placentation. ⚫ The Ovary is Bilocular but it becomes Tetralocular due to False Septum. ⚫ The Nectar Secreting Disc is present below the Ovary. ⚫ STYLE is Simple and Gynobasic. ⚫ STIGMA is Bifid. POLLINATION is Entomophily. FRUIT is Schizocarpic, Split in to Four one seeded Nutlets. SEEDS are Non-Endospermous. BOTRVMSBKCAPK
LAMIACEAE ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF LAMIACEAE OCIMUM Sp. OCIMUM SANCTUM -HOLY BASIL -KRISHNA TULASI ⚫ Leaves are used for Bronchitis, Urinogenital Problems, Ringworms, Catarrh, Malaria and Stomachache. ⚫ Grown as Holly and Aromatic Ornamental Plants. OCIMUM BASILICUM -SWEET BASIL -TIRUNIRUTPATCHI ⚫ Leaf Extract is used for Ringworms. ⚫ Seeds are Diuretics. ⚫ The Volatile Basil Oil is extracted and used in Perfumes. ⚫ Grown as Aromatic Ornamental Plants. OCIMUM GRATISSIMUM -SHRUBBY BASIL -RAMATULASI ⚫ Dried Leaves are Mosquito Repellents. ⚫ Seeds are used for Headache. ⚫ Grown as Aromatic Ornamental Plants. OCIMUM KILIMANDSCHARICUM -KARPURA TULASI ⚫ Plant is used in the Manufacture of Camphor. BOTRVMSBKCAPK
LAMIACEAE ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE MENTHA Sp. MENTHA PIPERITA -PEPPERMINT -PODINA ⚫ Plant is used for Diarrhoea, Stomachache, Headache, Toothache and Rheumatism. ⚫ The Volatile Peppermint Oil is extracted and used in Perfumes. MENTHA ARVENSIS -FIELD MINT -PODINA ⚫ It is used to extract an essential oil useful for making cigarettes and pharmaceutical products. ⚫ It is also used for rheumatism. MENTHA CARDIACA ⚫ The Volatile Spearmint Oil is extracted and used in Chewing Gum, Toothpaste and Confectionary Products. BOTRVMSBKCAPK
LAMIACEAE ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE LEUCAS Sp. LEUCAS MARTINICENSIS -LEUCAS -PERUNTUMBAI ⚫ Leaves are good Fodder for Goats and Camels. LEUCAS ASPERA -LEUCAS -THUMBAI ⚫ Plant is used for Cough, Skin Eruption and Psoriasis. LEUCAS MOLLISSIMA -LEUCAS -KAATTUTUMBAI ⚫ Whole Plant is used to Cure Dislocation of Bone. LEUCAS ZEYLANICA –CEYLON SLITWORT ⚫ Leaf juice is used for Cough, Cold, Ulcers and Skin Troubles. LEUCAS LAVANDULAEFOLIA -LEUCAS -THUMBAI ⚫ Leaf Decoction is a Vermifuge. BOTRVMSBKCAPK
LAMIACEAE ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE COLEUS Sp. COLEUS AMBOINICUS -Indian Mint– KARPURAVALLI ⚫ Leaf Decoction is used for Cough, Asthma and Urinary Troubles. ⚫ The Essential Volatile Carvacerol is extracted and used in Chewing Gum, Toothpaste and Confectionary Products. COLEUS PARVIFLORUS -KOORKAN KIZHANGU ⚫ The Root Tubers are Edible and substitute for Potato. COLEUS VETTIVEROIDES Black Vettiver – Karupu VETTIVER ⚫ Roots are used to Decorate Temple Images. BOTRVMSBKCAPK
LAMIACEAE ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE ANISOMELES MALABARICA - Malabar Catmint ⚫ Leaf Extract is used for Dyspepsia, Rheumatism and Teething Troubles in Children. ANISOMELES INDICA -Indian Catmint -PEIMIRATTI ⚫ Leaf extract is given for Uterus Problems. POGOSTEMON HEYNEANUS -Indian Patchouli -katirPachi ⚫ Leaf Decoction is used for Cough and Asthma. ⚫ Root Decoction is used for Dropsy. ⚫ The Essential Volatile Oil is extracted and used in Perfumes and also used as Insecticides. ROYLEA CINEREA -Ashy Roylea ⚫ Leaf Decoction is used for Cough, Asthma and Fever. . BOTRVMSBKCAPK
LAMIACEAE ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE LAVANDULA ANGUSTIFOLIA -English Lavender -Suganthi ⚫ The Essential Aromatic Volatile Lavender Oil is extracted and used in Perfumes. ⚫ Cultivate in Gardens for Ornamental Purpose. ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS -Rosemary -Rosemary ⚫ The Essential Aromatic Volatile Rosemary Oil is extracted and used in Perfumes and Soaps. THYMUS Sp. -Thyme -Omam ⚫ The Essential Aromatic Volatile Thymol Oil is extracted and used in Perfumes. ⚫ Cultivate in Garden for Ornamental Purpose. SALVIA OFFICINALIS –SAGE Weed -ChimaiKarppuram ⚫ The Sage Oil is extracted and used in Perfumes and also used as Insecticides. ⚫ The Sage Oil is also used to Flavor Meats. ⚫ Cultivate in Gardens for Ornamental Purpose BOTRVMSBKCAPK