The OSI reference model outlines 7 layers of network functions: physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application. The top 4 layers provide program-to-program communication between hosts while the bottom 3 layers control physical delivery of data over the network.
CCNA is associate level career certification. It is an International certification course. Which is helpful to improve your career path in networking field. It gives lot of opportunity for Engineers and lots of opportunity having lots of job.
But now in these days,
This International course is offered by SMS Institute of Technology, Lucknow
So ,
There is no need to go anywhere for the training on CCNA Course Certification during summer Training.
I want to give this information because lots of people think about this course. But they have no any other way like - going to the training institute that offers CCNA Training But they give the certification on Own training Institute That is invalid Because CCNA is a International course Certification and these certificate are come on the email Id.
But Now this course Certification offers by SMS Institute of Technology But the certificate are valid through out the world.
Learn more at blog : --
https://solutionbyexpert.blogspot.com/2020/08/become-expert-secret-of-success-ii.html
#coding
#coding development skill program
#java
CCNA ppt designed on project remote connectivity using frame relay, and many more... best for project purpose. anyone want project will also contact me..
CCNA is associate level career certification. It is an International certification course. Which is helpful to improve your career path in networking field. It gives lot of opportunity for Engineers and lots of opportunity having lots of job.
But now in these days,
This International course is offered by SMS Institute of Technology, Lucknow
So ,
There is no need to go anywhere for the training on CCNA Course Certification during summer Training.
I want to give this information because lots of people think about this course. But they have no any other way like - going to the training institute that offers CCNA Training But they give the certification on Own training Institute That is invalid Because CCNA is a International course Certification and these certificate are come on the email Id.
But Now this course Certification offers by SMS Institute of Technology But the certificate are valid through out the world.
Learn more at blog : --
https://solutionbyexpert.blogspot.com/2020/08/become-expert-secret-of-success-ii.html
#coding
#coding development skill program
#java
CCNA ppt designed on project remote connectivity using frame relay, and many more... best for project purpose. anyone want project will also contact me..
This tutorial gives very good understanding on CCNA Dynamic Routing Protocols.After completing this tutorial,You will find yourself at a moderate level of expertise in knowing Advance Networking(CCNA)
Routing Protocols and Concepts: Ch5 - Routing Information Protocol (RIP v1)Abdelkhalik Mosa
Routing Information Protocol Version 1 (RIPv1) history and characteristics.
RIP v1 message format.
RIP Request / Response Process.
IP Address Classes and Classful Routing.
RIP v1 Configuration, Router RIP command, Network command, Show IP Route, debug IP RIP and Show ip protocols.
Passive Interfaces, Boundary Routers and Automatic Summarization.
Advantages and Disadvantages of automatic summarization.
Processing RIP Updates, Default Route and RIPv1
MEMBERS:
Abletes, Charles Chille
Agustin, Eloisa Marie U.
Curammeng, Alona Jane E.
Galvan, Cyrus Kim
Macaysa, Czyryl Anne A.
Pagtaccunan, Roshiela Mae V.
This tutorial gives very good understanding on CCNA Dynamic Routing Protocols.After completing this tutorial,You will find yourself at a moderate level of expertise in knowing Advance Networking(CCNA)
Routing Protocols and Concepts: Ch5 - Routing Information Protocol (RIP v1)Abdelkhalik Mosa
Routing Information Protocol Version 1 (RIPv1) history and characteristics.
RIP v1 message format.
RIP Request / Response Process.
IP Address Classes and Classful Routing.
RIP v1 Configuration, Router RIP command, Network command, Show IP Route, debug IP RIP and Show ip protocols.
Passive Interfaces, Boundary Routers and Automatic Summarization.
Advantages and Disadvantages of automatic summarization.
Processing RIP Updates, Default Route and RIPv1
MEMBERS:
Abletes, Charles Chille
Agustin, Eloisa Marie U.
Curammeng, Alona Jane E.
Galvan, Cyrus Kim
Macaysa, Czyryl Anne A.
Pagtaccunan, Roshiela Mae V.
13. Transport Layer
7 Application Network services to applications
6 Presentation Data representation
5 Session Inter-host communication
4 Transport End-to-end connection reliability
• Concerned with data transport
issues between hosts
• Data transport reliability
• Establishes, maintains, and
terminates virtual circuits
• Fault detection and recovery
• Information flow control
14. Network Layer
7 Application Network services to applications
6 Presentation Data representation
5 Session Inter-host communication
4 Transport End-to-end connection reliability
3 Network Addresses and best path
• Provides connectivity and path
selection between two end
systems
• Domain of routing
15. Data Link Layer
7 Application Network services to applications
6 Presentation Data representation
5 Session Inter-host communication
4 Transport End-to-end connection reliability
3 Network Addresses and best path
2 Data Link Access to media
• Provides reliable transfer of data
across media
• Physical addressing, network
topology, error notification, flow
control
16. Physical Layer
7 Application Network services to applications
6 Presentation Data representation
5 Session Inter-host communication
4 Transport End-to-end connection reliability
3 Network Addresses and best path
2 Data Link Access to media
1 Physical Binary transmission
• Wires, connectors, data rates
17. Communications
Host A Host B
7 Application Application
6 Presentation Presentation
5 Session Session
Segments
4 Transport Transport
Packets
3 Network Network
Frames
2 Data Link Data Link
Bits
1 Physical Physical
18. Data Encapsulation
Host A Host B
Application Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
} { Data Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link Data Link
Physical Physical
19. Data Encapsulation
Host A Host B
Application Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
} { Data
Network Data
Header
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link Data Link
Physical Physical
20. Data Encapsulation
Host A Host B
Application Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
} { Data
Network Data
Header
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Frame Network Data Frame
Data Link Data Link
Header Header Trailer
Physical Physical
21. Data Encapsulation
Host A Host B
Application Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
} { Data
Network Data
Header
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Frame Network Data Frame
Data Link Data Link
Header Header Trailer
Physical 0101101010110001 Physical
27. Transport Layer
• Segments upper-layer applications
• Establishes an end-to-end connection
• Sends segments from one end host to another
• Optionally, ensures data reliability
28. Transport Layer—
Establishes Connection
Sender Receiver
Synchronize
Negotiate Connection
Synchronize
Acknowledge
Connection Established
Data Transfer
(Send Segments)
29. Transport Layer—
Sends Segments with Flow Control
Transmit
Sender Receiver
Buffer Full
Not Ready
Stop
Process
Segments
Go Ready
Buffer OK
Resume Transmission
33. Session Layer
• Network File System (NFS)
• Structured Query Language (SQL)
• Remote-Procedure Call (RPC)
• AppleTalk Session Protocol (ASP)
• DEC Session Control Protocol (SCP)
Service Request
Service Reply
• Coordinates applications as
they interact on different hosts
34. Presentation Layer
• Text • Graphics
• Data • Visual images
ASCII PICT
login:
EBCDIC TIFF
Encrypted JPEG
• Sound GIF
MIDI
• Video
MPEG
QuickTime
• Provides code formatting and
conversion for applications
35. Application Layer
COMPUTER
APPLICATIONS NETWORK
Word Processor APPLICATIONS INTERNETWORK
Presentation Graphics Electronic Mail
APPLICATIONS
Spreadsheet File Transfer Electronic Data Interchange
Database Remote Access World Wide Web
Design/Manufacturing Client-Server Process E-Mail Gateways
Project Planning Information Location Special-Interest Bulletin Boards
Others Network Management Financial Transaction Services
Others Internet Navigation Utilities
Conferencing (Voice, Video, Data)
• User Interaction Others
36. Summary
• OSI reference model describes building
blocks of functions for program-to-
program communications between
similar or dissimilar hosts
• Layers 4–7 (host layers) provide accurate
data delivery between computers
• Layers 1–3 (media layers) control
physical delivery of data over the network