This document is a presentation on Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) and covers various topics related to networking, including types of networks (LAN, MAN, WAN), networking devices (like hubs, switches, routers), subnetting, routing protocols (RIP, EIGRP), and VLANs. It explains the configurations and types of routing, as well as the difference between routing protocols, and details the functions of routers and network access modes. The content emphasizes the importance of networking for communication and resource sharing.

1. Submitted by- Rohit Raj Singh
Roll No.- 1442310031
Contact No.- 9170190050
Presentation
on
CCNA
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2. Content
 Introduction
 Types of networking
 Networking Device
 Hub VS Switch
 Router
 Subnetting & Supernetting
 Router Configuration
 Router Access Mode
 How to login into the Router
• Routing
• RIP Protocol
• EIGRP
• VLAN
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3. Introduction
 CCNA stands for Cisco Certified Network Associate.
 It gives the information about networking, its types and
its application.
 Networking is very important as it provides
communication.
 It is also very useful as it helps in resource sharing.
 Thus ,overall it is a cost saving technique.
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4. Types of Networking
 LAN- It stands for local area network. Eg: network
within a campus.
 MAN-It stands for metropolitan area network. Eg:
network connecting various cities
 WAN-It stands for wide area network. Eg: internet on a
whole world
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5. Networking Devices
 NIC
 Hub
 Switch
 Router
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6. Hub Vs. Switches
• Hub – Less expensive,
used in a very small
LAN Where low
throughput is OK.
• Switches – More
expensive, but
performance makes it
cost effective.
Switches
Hub
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7. Router
 Router is a network layer
device or layer three
device based on WAN
technology.
 It is useful to connect
different networks.
 There is no broadcast.
 Packet filtering and it
finds the best path
selection.
Router
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8. Subnetting & Supernetting
 Subnetting – A network is divided into several
smaller subnetwork with each subnet having its own
subnetwork address.
 Supernetting- An organization can combine several
class C addresses to create a larger range of addresses
( supernetwork ).
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9. Example of Subnetting
 Class A : - An organization with class A address at
least 1000 subnetwork. Find the subnet mask and
configuration of each subnetworks?
 Solution :-
I. we need at least 1002 subnetworks to allows for all-is
and all- os subnet id’s.
II. The minimum number of bit’s to be allocated for
subnetting should be 10.
III. 14 bits are left to define the host id’s. Subnet mask
(11000000 == 192).
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10. Subnet Mask 255.0.0.0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Net_Id Host_Id
 Without Subnetting
Subnet Mask 255.255.192.0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Net_Id Subnet_Id Host_Id
 With Subnetting
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11. R1
100.0.0.0
To the
rest of
the
internet
100.0.0.64
 100.0.0.128
100.0.0.192
100.0.0.65
100.0.0.126
100.0.0.129
100.0.0.190
100.0.0.193
100.0.0.254
Subnetwork in example
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12. Router Configuration
 Router always has two configuration : -
I
• Startup
Configuration
II
• Running
configuration
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13.  Startup Configuration : -
i. In NVRAM, determines how the router will operate
after next reload.
ii. Startup configuration is modified using the copy
command.
iii. To see it : show startup – config
 Running Configuration : -
I. In RAM determines, how the router is currently
operating.
II. Running configuration is modified using the
configure command.
III. To show it : Show running - config
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14. Router access mode
 User Mode – limited examination of router
- router >
 Privileged Mode – detailed examination of router,
debugging, testing , file manipulation
- router#
 Global Mode – Available when router has startup -config
file
 ROM Monitor - Useful for password recovery and new IOS
upload session
 Setup Mode – Available when router has no startup
- config file
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15. Logging into the router
 Connect router to console port or TELNET to Router.
router>
Router>enable
Router #
router#config t
 Configuring the router -
Terminal( entering the commands directly )
Router#Configure terminal
Router( config )#
User
Mode
Priviledged
Mode
Global
Mode
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16. Routing
 Routing is the exchange of routers between different
networks.
 There are three types of routing :
I. Default Routing
II. Static Routing
III. Dynamic Routing
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17. Dynamic Routing
 Routing protocol is use to established the
communication between two routers.
 Routing protocol allows one router to share
information with other router.
 The information a router gets from another router,
using a routing protocol, is used to build and maintain
a routing table.
Examples of routing protocols :-
I. RIP( Routing Information Protocol )
II. EIGRP( Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing
Protocol)
III. OSPF( Open Shortest Path First )
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18. Routing Protocol
Static Dynamic
.
Interior Routing Protocol
Exterior Routing Protocol
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19. .
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Dynamic Routing
Protocol
Interior Routing
Protocol
Exterior Routing
Protocol
• Rip Version 1
• Rip Version 2
• EIGRP
• IGRP
• OSPF
• IS / IS
 BGP
 EGP

20. Routing Information Protocol
 RIP is a distance vector routing protocol.
 Hope count is used as the metric of path selection.
 If the hope count is greater than 15 the packet will be
discarded.
 By default, Routing update are broadcast every 30
second.
 Configuring Rip :-
Router( config )#router rip
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24. Enhanced Interior Gateway
Routing Protocol( EIGRP )
 It is the enhanced version of IGRP.
 EIGRP called a hybrid protocol, but really just an
advanced distance vector protocol.
 Multiple network layer support :- IP, IPX and Apple
talk.
 A router running EIGRP stores all its neighbor’s routing
tables so that it can quickly adopt or alternate router.
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32. Packet Types that are used in
EIGRP
 EIGRP uses five packet types, they are :-
1. Hello
2. Acknowledgment
3. Update
4. Query
5. Reply
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33.  Hello :-
EIGRP uses hello packet in the discovery of
neighbours. They are multicast to 244.0.0.10 by
default, EIGRP sends hello packets every 5 seconds.
 Acknowledgment :-
It acknowledges the reception of an update packet.
It is a hello packet with no data. EIGRP sends
acknowledgment packet to the unicast adderss of the
sender of the update packet.
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34.  Update :-
Update packets contain routing information for
destinations. EIGRP unicast update packets to newly
discovered neighbors; otherwise it multicasts update
packets to 224.0.0.10 when a link or metric changes.
 Query :-
EIGRP sends query packets to find feasible
successors to a destination. Query packets are always
multicast.
 Reply :-
Reply packets provide a feasible successor to the
sender of the query , It’s unicast to sender of query
packet.
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35. VLAN
 VLAN is a virtual local area network.
 VLAN can not communicate without network
layer.
 Devices on different VLAN must have a router to
communicate with each other.
 If devices are on the same VLAN, then they can
communicate through a switch.
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41. Thank You
Any Query
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