The document discusses the evolution of Ethernet networking standards over time. It describes how IEEE Project 802 was started in 1985 to set standards for interconnecting equipment from different manufacturers. It then provides details on the original Standard Ethernet created in 1976 and its subsequent generations. The document also outlines changes to Standard Ethernet like bridging and switching. It discusses the Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet standards that succeeded Standard Ethernet by providing higher data rates of 100 Mbps and 1000 Mbps respectively.
Presentation from SIEPON Seminar on 20 April in Czech Republic, sponsored by IEEE-SA & CAG. Opinions presented by the speakers in this presentation are their own, and not necessarily those of their employers or of IEEE.
Presentation from SIEPON Seminar on 20 April in Czech Republic, sponsored by IEEE-SA & CAG. Opinions presented by the speakers in this presentation are their own, and not necessarily those of their employers or of IEEE.
Advanced TCP/IP-based Industrial Networking for Engineers & TechniciansLiving Online
This manual is for engineers and technicians who need a practical and extensive knowledge of the design and troubleshooting of Industrial Ethernet networks, as well as the selection, installation, and configuration of components such as routers and switches.
It deals in-depth with the underlying TCP/IP protocols, and specifically addresses both design and configuration issues related to IPv4 and the more recent IPv6.
It also covers the more advanced aspects and applications of Ethernet such as advanced switching and routing, CCTV over IP, OPC and Modbus/TCP over Ethernet, industrial security, intrinsically safe applications, switched rings (included the latest IEC 62439-3 redundant ring standard), and highly-deterministic Ethernet-based field buses (e.g. for servo control) capable of 1 millisecond repetition rates and jitter of less than 1 microsecond.
http://www.idc-online.com/content/advanced-tcpip-based-industrial-networking-engineers-and-technicians-21
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
MATATAG CURRICULUM: ASSESSING THE READINESS OF ELEM. PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS I...NelTorrente
In this research, it concludes that while the readiness of teachers in Caloocan City to implement the MATATAG Curriculum is generally positive, targeted efforts in professional development, resource distribution, support networks, and comprehensive preparation can address the existing gaps and ensure successful curriculum implementation.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
2. 13.2
13-1 IEEE STANDARDS13-1 IEEE STANDARDS
In 1985, the Computer Society of the IEEE started aIn 1985, the Computer Society of the IEEE started a
project, called Project 802, to set standards to enableproject, called Project 802, to set standards to enable
intercommunication among equipment from a varietyintercommunication among equipment from a variety
of manufacturers. Project 802 is a way of specifyingof manufacturers. Project 802 is a way of specifying
functions of the physical layer and the data link layerfunctions of the physical layer and the data link layer
of major LAN protocols.of major LAN protocols.
Data Link Layer
Physical Layer
Topics discussed in this section:Topics discussed in this section:
5. 13.5
13-2 STANDARD ETHERNET13-2 STANDARD ETHERNET
The original Ethernet was created in 1976 at Xerox’sThe original Ethernet was created in 1976 at Xerox’s
Palo Alto Research Center (PARC). Since then, it hasPalo Alto Research Center (PARC). Since then, it has
gone through four generations. We briefly discuss thegone through four generations. We briefly discuss the
Standard (or traditional) EthernetStandard (or traditional) Ethernet in this section.in this section.
MAC Sublayer
Physical Layer
Topics discussed in this section:Topics discussed in this section:
12. 13.12
The least significant bit of the first byte
defines the type of address.
If the bit is 0, the address is unicast;
otherwise, it is multicast.
Note
14. 13.14
Define the type of the following destination addresses:
a. 4A:30:10:21:10:1A b. 47:20:1B:2E:08:EE
c. FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF
Solution
To find the type of the address, we need to look at the
second hexadecimal digit from the left. If it is even, the
address is unicast. If it is odd, the address is multicast. If
all digits are F’s, the address is broadcast. Therefore, we
have the following:
a. This is a unicast address because A in binary is 1010.
b. This is a multicast address because 7 in binary is 0111.
c. This is a broadcast address because all digits are F’s.
Example 13.1
15. 13.15
Show how the address 47:20:1B:2E:08:EE is sent out on
line.
Solution
The address is sent left-to-right, byte by byte; for each
byte, it is sent right-to-left, bit by bit, as shown below:
Example 13.2
23. 13.23
13-3 CHANGES IN THE STANDARD13-3 CHANGES IN THE STANDARD
The 10-Mbps Standard Ethernet has gone throughThe 10-Mbps Standard Ethernet has gone through
several changes before moving to the higher dataseveral changes before moving to the higher data
rates. These changes actually opened the road to therates. These changes actually opened the road to the
evolution of the Ethernet to become compatible withevolution of the Ethernet to become compatible with
other high-data-rate LANs.other high-data-rate LANs.
Bridged Ethernet
Switched Ethernet
Full-Duplex Ethernet
Topics discussed in this section:Topics discussed in this section:
29. 13.29
13-4 FAST ETHERNET13-4 FAST ETHERNET
Fast Ethernet was designed to compete with LANFast Ethernet was designed to compete with LAN
protocols such as FDDI or Fiber Channel. IEEEprotocols such as FDDI or Fiber Channel. IEEE
created Fast Ethernet under the name 802.3u. Fastcreated Fast Ethernet under the name 802.3u. Fast
Ethernet is backward-compatible with StandardEthernet is backward-compatible with Standard
Ethernet, but it can transmit data 10 times faster at aEthernet, but it can transmit data 10 times faster at a
rate of 100 Mbps.rate of 100 Mbps.
MAC Sublayer
Physical Layer
Topics discussed in this section:Topics discussed in this section:
34. 13.34
13-5 GIGABIT ETHERNET13-5 GIGABIT ETHERNET
The need for an even higher data rate resulted in theThe need for an even higher data rate resulted in the
design of the Gigabit Ethernet protocol (1000 Mbps).design of the Gigabit Ethernet protocol (1000 Mbps).
The IEEE committee calls the standard 802.3z.The IEEE committee calls the standard 802.3z.
MAC Sublayer
Physical Layer
Ten-Gigabit Ethernet
Topics discussed in this section:Topics discussed in this section:
35. 13.35
In the full-duplex mode of Gigabit
Ethernet, there is no collision;
the maximum length of the cable is
determined by the signal attenuation
in the cable.
Note