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14-1  IEEE 802.11 IEEE has defined the specifications for a wireless LAN, called IEEE 802.11, which covers the physical and data link layers. Architecture MAC Sublayer Physical Layer Topics discussed in this section:
A BSS without an AP is called an ad  hoc  network; a BSS with an AP is called an  infrastructure  network. Note
Figure 14.1  Basic service sets (BSSs)
Figure 14.2  Extended service sets (ESSs)
Figure 14.3  MAC layers in IEEE 802.11 standard
Figure 14.4  CSMA/CA flowchart
Figure 14.5  CSMA/CA and NAV
Figure 14.6  Example of repetition interval
Figure 14.7  Frame format
Table 14.1  Subfields in FC field
Figure 14.8  Control frames
Table 14.2  Values of subfields in control frames
Table 14.3  Addresses
Figure 14.9  Addressing mechanisms
Figure 14.10  Hidden station problem
The CTS frame in CSMA/CA handshake can prevent collision from  a hidden station. Note
Figure 14.11  Use of handshaking to prevent hidden station problem
Figure 14.12  Exposed station problem
Figure 14.13  Use of handshaking in exposed station problem
Table 14.4  Physical layers
Figure 14.14  Industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band
Figure 14.15  Physical layer of IEEE 802.11 FHSS
Figure 14.16  Physical layer of IEEE 802.11 DSSS
Figure 14.17  Physical layer of IEEE 802.11 infrared
Figure 14.18  Physical layer of IEEE 802.11b
14-2  BLUETOOTH Bluetooth  is a wireless LAN technology designed to connect devices of different functions such as telephones, notebooks, computers, cameras, printers, coffee makers, and so on. A Bluetooth LAN is an ad hoc network, which means that the network is formed spontaneously.  Architecture Bluetooth Layers Baseband Layer L2CAP Topics discussed in this section:
Figure 14.19  Piconet
Figure 14.20  Scatternet
Figure 14.21  Bluetooth layers
Figure 14.22  Single-secondary communication
Figure 14.23  Multiple-secondary communication
Figure 14.24  Frame format types
Figure 14.25  L2CAP data packet format

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Chapter 14