The document outlines the key steps in qualitative research: 1. Planning the study, which involves identifying the research problem, conducting a literature review, developing an approach, and addressing ethical issues. 2. Developing data collection strategies, such as what data to gather and from whom. 3. Gathering and analyzing data, including collecting, organizing, and evaluating data, looking for themes until reaching saturation. 4. Disseminating findings by communicating and utilizing the results in practice or further research.

1. Qualitative research: Steps- Mr.Ombasa
1
Qualitative/Narrative research
• By the end of this section you should be
able to:
• Describe the key steps of qualitatibe
research
• Describe the analysis and interpretation of
interpretation of qualitative data
• Reporting qualitative research
Objectives

2. Steps
 QUALITATIVE/NARRATIVE RESEARCH
1. Planning the study
2. Developing data collection strategies
3. Gathering and analyzing data
4. Disseminating findings
 Nb. These research allows flexibility and is
difficult to define the flow of steps. These
are just guing steps
2 Qualitative research: Steps- Mr.Ombasa

3. Steps
1. Planning the study
 Planning the study
 Identifying the research problem:
 usually a broad topic area that is refined as the study progresses
 in most cases viewpoints of researchers
 Doing a literature review-
 is ongoing. Sometimes prior review is not helpful cz little relevant
information is available to answer the unique qs asked by the
researcher
 dvping an overall approach
 Estimate time for field work
 Hire and train assistants
 Secure interviewers
 Hire consultants and support staff
 Selecting and gaining entry to the study area
 Addressing the ethical issues
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4. Steps
2. Developing data collection strategies
 Deciding what type of data to gather and how to gather
them
 Deciding from whom to collect data
 Deciding how to enhance trustworthiness
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5. Steps
3. Gathering and analyzing data
 Collecting data
 Organizing and analyzing data
 Evaluating data:
 Making modifications to the data if necessary
 Determining if saturation has been achieved. If not..Repeat step 2.
 Organising and analysing narrative/qualitative data
 The analysis of NARRATIVE (QUALITATIVE) DATA is
conducted by organizing the data into common themes or
categories. It is often more difficult to interpret narrative data
since it lacks the built-in structure found in numerical data.
Initially, the narrative data appears to be a collection of
random, unconnected statements. The assessment purpose
and questions can help direct the focus of the data
organization.
 Steps are of analysisare discussed below
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6. Organising and analysising qualitative
data
A. Focus groups and Interviews:
• Read and organize the data from each question
separately. This approach permits focusing on one
question at a time (e.g., experiences with tutoring
services, characteristics of tutor, student responsibility
in the tutoring process).
• Group the comments by themes, topics, or categories.
This approach allows for focusing on one area at a time
(e.g., characteristics of tutor – level of preparation,
knowledge of content area, availability).
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7. Organising and analysising qualitative
data
B. Documents
 Code content and characteristics of documents into
various categories (e.g., training manual – policies and
procedures, communication, responsibilities).
C. Observations
• Code patterns from the focus of the observation (e.g.,
behavioral patterns – amount of time engaged/not
engaged in activity, type of engagement,
communication, interpersonal skills).
D. Interpret the observations
 Interpreting the analyzed data from the appropriate
perspective allows for determination of the significance
and implications of the assessment
7 Qualitative research: Steps- Mr.Ombasa

8. Steps
4. Disseminating findings.
 Communicate the findings
 Utilize the findings in practice or further research or
make recommendations for such utilization.
 N.b: follow same formatting guide as quantitative.
Note that this report is mostly a narrative tables are
rare or unless ‘borrowed’ from quantitative studies
during citations
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9. Qs
 End of Course
9 Qualitative research: Steps- Mr.Ombasa