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12.1 Tang and Song China

 During the Tang and Song dynasties,
 China experiences an era of prosperity
     and technological innovation
The Tang Dynasty Expands China
                  Brief Reign of the Sui
                   Dynasty
                      Sui Dynasty, established
                       by Wendi, lasts from 581 to
                       618.
                      Main accomplishment:
                       completing the Grand
                       Canal, which expands
                       trade.
                      Forced labor, high taxes,
                       lead to revolt; Sui emperor
                       is assassinated in 618.
   Tang Rulers Create a
    Powerful Empire
       Tang Dynasty (618-
        907) begun by brilliant
        emperor Tang
        Taizong.
   Wu Zhao—only women in
    China to assume title of
    emperor.
   Tang rulers expand and unify
    the empire, and strengthen the
    government.
   Scholar-Officials
       Tang rulers revive civil service examination
        system.
       Theoretically, exams are open to all men,
        even commoners.
       Practically, only rich can afford necessary
        education to take exam.
       Growth of bureaucracy cuts power of nobles.
   The Tang Lose Power
       Tang rulers increase taxes in mid-700s,
        causing hardship.
       Attacks on empire increase; in 907 the last
        Tang emperor is killed.
Song Dynasty Restores China
   Turmoil Followed by Strong Rule
       In 960, Taizu reunites China, and proclaims Song
        Dynasty (960-1279).
       Song rulers unable to recapture lands lost in the west
        and north.
       In 1100s, Jurchen people arise in Manchuria and set
        up their own empire.
       In 1127, Song rulers are forced south; build new
        capital at Hangzhou.
       Southern Song empire lasts from 1127 to 1279.
An Era of Prosperity and Innovation
   Growth
       Population doubles during Tang and Song
        Dynasties to 100 million.
       China becomes the most populous country in
        the world.
   Science and technology
       Chinese invent gunpowder, porcelain,
        mechanical clock, paper money.
       Movavable type—blocks of individual
        characters—makes printing easier.
       In mathematics, Chinese develop the use of
        negative numbers.
Su Song’s Astronomical Clock
   Agriculture
       Advances in farming contribute to population
        growth.
       Main advance: new strain of rice that
        produces two crops a year (Champa rice).
   Trade and Foreign Contacts
       In early Tang period, trade with the west was
        over the Silk Road.
       During Tang decline, Chinese depend more
        on ocean trade routes.
       Trade stretches from Japan to Southeast
        Asia, India, Africa.
       Trade helps Buddhism spread.
   A Golden Age of
    Poetry and Art
       Tang period produces
        great poetry, including
        works by Li Bo, and Tu
        Fu.
       Song period known for
        brilliant painting.
Changes in Chinese Society
   Levels of Society
       Power of noble families fades.
       Wealthy scholar-officials form new upper
        class, called the gentry.
       Urban middle class below gentry in social
        structure
   The Status of Women
       Status of women always lower than men
        in China.
       The status falls even lower during Tang
        and Song periods.
       Foot binding of upper-class girls becomes
        a new custom.

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12.1 tang and song china

  • 1. 12.1 Tang and Song China During the Tang and Song dynasties, China experiences an era of prosperity and technological innovation
  • 2. The Tang Dynasty Expands China  Brief Reign of the Sui Dynasty  Sui Dynasty, established by Wendi, lasts from 581 to 618.  Main accomplishment: completing the Grand Canal, which expands trade.  Forced labor, high taxes, lead to revolt; Sui emperor is assassinated in 618.
  • 3. Tang Rulers Create a Powerful Empire  Tang Dynasty (618- 907) begun by brilliant emperor Tang Taizong.
  • 4. Wu Zhao—only women in China to assume title of emperor.  Tang rulers expand and unify the empire, and strengthen the government.
  • 5. Scholar-Officials  Tang rulers revive civil service examination system.  Theoretically, exams are open to all men, even commoners.  Practically, only rich can afford necessary education to take exam.  Growth of bureaucracy cuts power of nobles.
  • 6. The Tang Lose Power  Tang rulers increase taxes in mid-700s, causing hardship.  Attacks on empire increase; in 907 the last Tang emperor is killed.
  • 7. Song Dynasty Restores China  Turmoil Followed by Strong Rule  In 960, Taizu reunites China, and proclaims Song Dynasty (960-1279).  Song rulers unable to recapture lands lost in the west and north.  In 1100s, Jurchen people arise in Manchuria and set up their own empire.  In 1127, Song rulers are forced south; build new capital at Hangzhou.  Southern Song empire lasts from 1127 to 1279.
  • 8. An Era of Prosperity and Innovation  Growth  Population doubles during Tang and Song Dynasties to 100 million.  China becomes the most populous country in the world.
  • 9. Science and technology  Chinese invent gunpowder, porcelain, mechanical clock, paper money.  Movavable type—blocks of individual characters—makes printing easier.  In mathematics, Chinese develop the use of negative numbers.
  • 11. Agriculture  Advances in farming contribute to population growth.  Main advance: new strain of rice that produces two crops a year (Champa rice).
  • 12. Trade and Foreign Contacts  In early Tang period, trade with the west was over the Silk Road.  During Tang decline, Chinese depend more on ocean trade routes.  Trade stretches from Japan to Southeast Asia, India, Africa.  Trade helps Buddhism spread.
  • 13. A Golden Age of Poetry and Art  Tang period produces great poetry, including works by Li Bo, and Tu Fu.  Song period known for brilliant painting.
  • 14.
  • 15. Changes in Chinese Society  Levels of Society  Power of noble families fades.  Wealthy scholar-officials form new upper class, called the gentry.  Urban middle class below gentry in social structure
  • 16. The Status of Women  Status of women always lower than men in China.  The status falls even lower during Tang and Song periods.  Foot binding of upper-class girls becomes a new custom.