7.1 india's first empires
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The document summarizes the establishment of two major empires in India - the Mauryan Empire from 321 BC to 232 BC, and the Gupta Empire from AD 320 to 550. The Mauryan Empire was founded by Chandragupta Maurya and expanded by his grandson Asoka, who promoted Buddhism. The Gupta Empire was founded by Chandra Gupta I and expanded by his son Samudra Gupta and grandson Chandra Gupta II, during which time Indian culture flourished. Both empires declined after the deaths of their strongest rulers.
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4.2 The Assyrian Empire
The Assyrian Empire developed a powerful military machine that allowed it to conquer vast territories across Southwest Asia between 850 and 650 BC. Assyrian kings such as Sennacherib used brutal force and advanced weaponry to crush enemies and establish an empire with a highly organized administration and military. At its height, the Assyrian Empire encompassed modern day Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, and parts of Turkey. However, overextension and cruelty towards subjected peoples led to its decline, and the Assyrian Empire fell when its capital Nineveh was sacked in 612 BC.
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2) Shi Huangdi orders the construction of a massive Great Wall along northern borders for defense and to symbolize Chinese power and unity.
3) Other achievements include standardized systems of weights, measures, and currency as well as infrastructure like roads and canals to facilitate transportation across China.
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The document summarizes the history of Indian civilization from ancient times to the establishment of empires. It describes the Indus Valley civilization including the cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. The Aryans later invaded and their Vedic period saw the development of Sanskrit and the Vedas. Major empires included the Mauryan Empire under Ashoka, the Gupta Empire which was a period of cultural flourishing, and the Mughal Empire which ruled in the 16th century. Key contributions of Indian civilization included urban planning, major religions, mathematics, and architectural achievements.
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The document summarizes the history of the Maurya and Gupta Empires in India. It discusses how the Maurya Empire unified northern India under Chandragupta Maurya with the help of his advisor Kautilya. It then focuses on the reign of Ashoka the Great, who propagated Buddhist values through edicts. Finally, it describes the Gupta Empire and the cultural and scientific achievements that flourished during its rule, including advances in mathematics, astronomy, medicine and literature, before its eventual decline due to Hun invasions.
12.2 the mongol conquests
The Mongols, a nomadic people from the Asian steppe, conquered vast territories across Asia under the leadership of Genghis Khan in the early 1200s. By 1225, Genghis Khan had united the Mongols and controlled Central Asia, using brutality to subdue his enemies. After his death in 1227, his successors expanded the Mongol Empire to include northern China, Korea, Russia, and territories reaching into Eastern Europe and the Middle East over the next 50 years. The Mongol Empire was eventually divided into four khanates that ruled different regions.
Incas empire
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The document discusses the unification of China under the Qin Dynasty in the 3rd century BC. Key events include:
1) The first emperor, Shi Huangdi, builds a strong centralized government and rules using a strict legalist system with harsh punishments to bring China under his control.
2) Shi Huangdi orders the construction of a massive Great Wall along northern borders for defense and to symbolize Chinese power and unity.
3) Other achievements include standardized systems of weights, measures, and currency as well as infrastructure like roads and canals to facilitate transportation across China.
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The document summarizes the history of Indian civilization from ancient times to the establishment of empires. It describes the Indus Valley civilization including the cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. The Aryans later invaded and their Vedic period saw the development of Sanskrit and the Vedas. Major empires included the Mauryan Empire under Ashoka, the Gupta Empire which was a period of cultural flourishing, and the Mughal Empire which ruled in the 16th century. Key contributions of Indian civilization included urban planning, major religions, mathematics, and architectural achievements.
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The document summarizes the history of the Maurya and Gupta Empires in India. It discusses how the Maurya Empire unified northern India under Chandragupta Maurya with the help of his advisor Kautilya. It then focuses on the reign of Ashoka the Great, who propagated Buddhist values through edicts. Finally, it describes the Gupta Empire and the cultural and scientific achievements that flourished during its rule, including advances in mathematics, astronomy, medicine and literature, before its eventual decline due to Hun invasions.
12.2 the mongol conquests
The Mongols, a nomadic people from the Asian steppe, conquered vast territories across Asia under the leadership of Genghis Khan in the early 1200s. By 1225, Genghis Khan had united the Mongols and controlled Central Asia, using brutality to subdue his enemies. After his death in 1227, his successors expanded the Mongol Empire to include northern China, Korea, Russia, and territories reaching into Eastern Europe and the Middle East over the next 50 years. The Mongol Empire was eventually divided into four khanates that ruled different regions.
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Chaldea (/kælˈdiːə/), from Ancient Greek: Χαλδαία, Chaldaia; Akkadian: māt Kaldu/Kašdu; Hebrew: כשדים, Kaśdim;[1] Aramaic: ܟܠܕܘ, Kaldo), also spelled Chaldaea, was a small Semitic nation which emerged between the late 10th and early 9th century BC, surviving until the mid 6th century BC, after which it disappeared, and the Chaldean tribes were absorbed into the native population of Babylonia.[2] It was located in the marshy land of the far south eastern corner of Mesopotamia, and briefly came to rule Babylon. (SOURCE: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaldea)
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7.3 han emperors in china
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7.2 trade spreads indian religion and culture
Buddhism and Hinduism evolved over time as Indian religions and culture spread through trade. Buddhism developed new sects like Mahayana that accepted new doctrines, while Hinduism moved toward monotheism centered around Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva. Indian trade networks grew through overland Silk Roads and sea routes, spreading Indian culture, religions, and increasing influence while advancing astronomy, mathematics, and medicine.
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TO DOWNLOAD, PLEASE CLICK THE LINK: https://dlsharefile.com/file/1054610895
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The Han Dynasty ruled China from 206 BCE to 220 CE, being divided into the Western Han and Eastern Han periods. It followed the Qin Dynasty and was a time of Chinese cultural and economic prosperity. The Han Dynasty expanded China's territory through military campaigns. Emperor Wudi expanded the empire to approximately today's borders. The Han established a bureaucracy based on merit and administered civil service exams in Confucian thought. Agriculture, trade along the Silk Road, and inventions like paper and the wheelbarrow flourished. However, problems with land inheritance laws caused wealth to concentrate among the elite, weakening the dynasty over time. Wang Mang briefly overthrew the Han from 9-23 CE before order was restored.
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The Han Dynasty ruled China from 206 BCE to 220 CE, divided into the Western Han and Eastern Han periods. It followed the Qin Dynasty and was a time of Chinese cultural and economic prosperity. The dynasty was founded by peasant-turned-general Liu Bang and established a centralized bureaucratic government with the capital at Chang'an. Emperor Wudi expanded the empire through military campaigns. The Han developed advanced technology, agriculture, trade, and a merit-based civil service system based on Confucian philosophy. However, inheritance laws concentrated wealth and the government overtaxed peasants, causing social inequality until the dynasty's eventual collapse.
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The document discusses the geography of ancient China and how it influenced the locations and development of early Chinese civilizations. It explains that civilizations tended to form along major rivers like the Yellow River, Yangtze River, and Xi River, as they provided water and served as transportation routes for trade. The rugged terrain and arid climate of the Gobi Desert made it unsuitable for supporting civilizations. The document also briefly outlines several important early Chinese dynasties and how geography impacted where they were centered.
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The Qin Dynasty which emerged victorious over the 6 other major Kingdoms during “The Warring States” period in China was the first empire that unified what is now roughly modern China. More importantly, it standardized much of the concepts that affected daily life for its citizens, such as money, written language, roads, weights, and measures, and created the basis for the future Chinese role of emperors and the organization of the political structure that continued in its basic form until 1911. It also is credited with some of the greatest public works projects in human history such as the beginning of the Great Wall of China, canal building and irrigation projects, mass production techniques, the Terracotta Warriors of Xian, and a massive mausoleum project for the emperor’s body after death.
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The Assyrian Empire arose in Mesopotamia around 900 BC and built a vast empire through their powerful military. They had a well-organized army and government that divided the empire into provinces. The Chaldean king Nebuchadnezzar rebuilt Babylon into an imperial city and led the Chaldean Empire, which controlled much of the Middle East from 606 to 536 BC. Babylon was a massive city with walls, palaces, and the Hanging Gardens, making it the richest city in the world at the time. The Persian Empire conquered Babylon in 539 BC, ending Chaldean rule.
Chaldeans Civilization
Chaldea (/kælˈdiːə/), from Ancient Greek: Χαλδαία, Chaldaia; Akkadian: māt Kaldu/Kašdu; Hebrew: כשדים, Kaśdim;[1] Aramaic: ܟܠܕܘ, Kaldo), also spelled Chaldaea, was a small Semitic nation which emerged between the late 10th and early 9th century BC, surviving until the mid 6th century BC, after which it disappeared, and the Chaldean tribes were absorbed into the native population of Babylonia.[2] It was located in the marshy land of the far south eastern corner of Mesopotamia, and briefly came to rule Babylon. (SOURCE: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaldea)
Greek Civilization
Greek civilization emerged in Southeastern Europe and gave rise to classical civilization. The Minoan civilization on Crete influenced the Greeks and traded extensively. After a volcanic eruption, the Mycenaeans invaded Crete and established separate city-states. Two influential city-states were Sparta, a militaristic society ruled by two kings and elders, and Athens, which developed democracy under Solon and Cleisthenes. The Persian Wars united the Greeks against Persia and allowed Athens to emerge as the most powerful city under Pericles, though this dominance led to war with Sparta. Alexander the Great then conquered Persia and spread Greek culture across his vast empire, establishing the long-lasting Hellenistic civilization.
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Ancient China was one of the oldest and longest lasting civilizations in the history of the world. The history of Ancient China can be traced back over 4,000 years. Located on the eastern part of the continent of Asia, today China is the most populous country in the world.
Ancient China
- Ancient Chinese civilizations first developed along major rivers like the Yellow River and Yangtze River, which deposited rich soil for agriculture. The Shang Dynasty ruled from around 1600 BC to 1100 BC and was the first Chinese dynasty to be confirmed by historical records. Religion influenced Shang culture through rituals for ancestors, oracle bones connected to early writing, and bronzework. The Zhou Dynasty overthrew the Shang around 1100 BC and introduced new concepts like the Mandate of Heaven to justify dynastic changes. Population and agriculture grew under the Zhou while new philosophies like Confucianism and Daoism emerged during the later Zhou period.
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The document discusses the expansion of the Ottoman Empire from the 1300s to the 1500s. It summarizes that the Ottomans began conquering land in Anatolia and the Balkans under Osman and later sultans. Key events included Mehmed the Conqueror taking Constantinople in 1453, Selim the Grim expanding the empire to include North Africa and the Middle East, and Suleyman the Magnificent making the empire the most powerful in the world by capturing more of eastern Europe and dominating the Mediterranean. The empire promoted cultural blending by allowing conquered peoples to keep local customs and religions while the sultan centralized government.
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7.3 han emperors in china
The Han Dynasty restored unity in China after the fall of the Qin Dynasty. Liu Bang defeated his rival Xiang Yu to found the Han Dynasty in 202 BC. He established a centralized government with lower taxes that gained popular support. The Han Dynasty saw economic growth through advances in agriculture and commerce. Confucianism became the dominant ideology and civil service exams tested applicants on Confucian classics. However, inequality grew and rebellions eventually caused the Han Dynasty to fall in AD 220.
7.2 trade spreads indian religion and culture
Buddhism and Hinduism evolved over time as Indian religions and culture spread through trade. Buddhism developed new sects like Mahayana that accepted new doctrines, while Hinduism moved toward monotheism centered around Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva. Indian trade networks grew through overland Silk Roads and sea routes, spreading Indian culture, religions, and increasing influence while advancing astronomy, mathematics, and medicine.
6-3 Questions and Answers
Two major invasions in the 500s and 300s BCE caused the Indian kingdoms to unite - the Persians invaded the Indus Valley in the 500s BCE and Alexander the Great invaded in 327 BCE. The two major empires that united India were the Mauryan Empire founded by Chandragupta Maurya in 321 BCE and the Gupta Empire founded in 320 CE by Chandragupta. The greatest ruler of the Mauryan Empire was Asoka, who was a devout Buddhist and contributed by building hospitals, roads, and promoting Buddhism and tolerance of Hinduism. The Mauryan and Gupta Empires contributed to literature, mathematics, science through Buddhist teachings on stone pillars, writings like the Ved
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13.4 the power of the church (1)
Pope Gelasius I established the idea of two powers - the holy authority of bishops and the royal power of kings. He believed bishops had authority over spiritual matters while kings had authority over political matters. In reality, the church and state struggled for power throughout the Middle Ages. The Catholic Church established a strict hierarchy with the Pope as the supreme authority over clergy such as bishops and priests. Canon law governed all aspects of religious and personal life and Kings were expected to obey the Pope under threat of excommunication. Otto I allied with the Church to gain power in Germany and Italy, crowning himself Holy Roman Emperor, but future emperors like Henry IV clashed with popes over lay investiture, the practice of kings appoint
13.1 charlemagne unites germanic kingdoms
Charlemagne reunited many of the Germanic kingdoms that had succeeded the Western Roman Empire under his empire in the late 8th century. He extended Frankish rule across Western Europe and was crowned emperor by the pope in 800, unifying the traditions of the Germanic peoples, the Catholic Church, and the former Roman Empire. However, upon his death the empire was divided among his heirs and fell apart, with his grandsons dividing it into three kingdoms by the Treaty of Verdun in 843.
3.1 The Indo Europeans
Indo-Europeans migrated throughout Europe, India, and Southwest Asia between 1700-1200 BCE. As nomadic pastoral people from the steppes north of the Caucasus mountains, they introduced horses, chariots, and iron technology to the peoples they encountered. Their languages gave rise to language families across the regions like English, Spanish, Persian, and Hindi. Groups like the Hittites established kingdoms in Anatolia and Southwest Asia, while Aryan peoples entered India and developed one of the earliest caste systems as they established kingdoms across the subcontinent.
13.2 feudalism in europe
Feudalism emerges in Europe as a political and economic system based on landholding and protection in exchange for services. As invaders like the Vikings, Magyars, and Muslims attacked Europe, feudalism structured society into a pyramid with the king at the top, lords and nobles below providing land grants to vassals who became knights and protected the land. Society was divided into those who fight, those who pray, and those who work, mainly peasants who lived on self-sufficient manors providing goods to the lord in exchange for housing and protection.
2.3 Indus Valley Civilization
The first Indian civilization built well-planned cities on the banks of the Indus River around 2500 BCE. The Harappan civilization constructed cities out of mud bricks laid on a grid system with infrastructure like plumbing and sewage. Though the writing system of this civilization remains undeciphered, the cities were uniform in culture. The planning and culture of the early Indus cities still influence India today.
5.5 the spread of hellenistic culture
The document discusses the spread of Hellenistic culture in Alexandria, Egypt. It describes how Alexandria became a center of Hellenistic civilization through cultural blending under Alexander's policies. The city attracted scholars with its museum, library, and zoo. Scholars like Euclid and Archimedes made important contributions to mathematics, physics, and astronomy there. The culture also saw new schools of philosophy like Stoicism and sculptures that moved away from classical ideals.
6 3 the rise of christianity (1)
1) Jesus was born in Bethlehem around 6-4 BC and grew up in Nazareth. He began preaching at age 30 and performed miracles according to the Gospels. He was crucified under Pontius Pilate but his followers believed he resurrected.
2) Paul originally persecuted Christians but had a vision of Jesus and became an apostle, preaching that Christianity was open to all. He wrote many New Testament letters.
3) Constantine legalized Christianity in 313 AD and it became the official religion under Theodosius I in 380 AD, spreading across the Roman Empire.
10.3 muslim cultural
Muslim culture flourished in its golden age and made significant contributions. Architecture blended styles with features like domes, arches and minarets. Scholarship was highly valued and translations preserved Greek knowledge and advanced fields like algebra, optics, and medicine. Literature, art, music and poetry also thrived as sciences did under patronage of leaders. Women's roles and rights varied depending on social class and era. Overall Muslim achievements expanded human knowledge across many disciplines.
12.4 feudal powers in japan
Japanese civilization was shaped by cultural influences from China and the rise of feudalism under military rulers. The Yamato clan took control in the 400s and named emperors to rule, though sometimes in name only. Buddhism spread from China and mixed with existing Shinto practices. In the late 700s, the capital moved to Heian where an refined aristocratic culture developed, illustrated by The Tale of Genji. However, as central power declined in the 1000s, large landowners built private armies and established feudal rule over smaller landowners seeking protection. The Minamoto family established the Kamakura shogunate in 1192, placing a military dictator or shogun in power supported by samur
22.1 the scientific revolution
The Scientific Revolution began in the mid-1500s as scientists began questioning accepted beliefs and making new theories based on experimentation and observation, rather than relying solely on religious texts and ancient sources. This led to the development of the scientific method and major advances including Copernicus' heliocentric theory, Galileo's discoveries supporting it, Newton's laws of motion and universal law of gravitation, and discoveries in fields like chemistry, medicine, and microscopy that improved understanding of the natural world.
Maurya colg.ppt
The document provides information about the Mauryan Empire in India, which lasted from 322 BCE to 185 BCE. It discusses key figures like Chandragupta Maurya, the founder of the empire, his advisor Kautilya, and the emperor Ashoka. It notes that the empire originated in the Magadha Kingdom and highlights aspects of its administration, economy, society, and artistic achievements during this period, including the construction of pillars and stupas by Ashoka.
A brief history_of_innovation_1.0
This document provides a brief history of innovation from ancient times to the present. It notes that early humans invented fire over 1 million years ago, and innovation continued with tools, twisted rope, the wheel, papyrus, surgery, gunpowder, printing, and more. During the Islamic Golden Age from the 8th to 14th centuries, Muslims made important innovations in fields like optics, medicine, chemistry, and sociology. The document then discusses the Renaissance, Industrial Revolution, and modern innovations like the combustion engine, telephone, lightbulb, airplane, and computer. It concludes that innovations are interconnected and that continued progress relies on people innovating to make the world better.
Early gupta dynasty by varren 174
The document discusses various aspects of the early Gupta dynasty that ruled in ancient India including its rulers, administration systems, military practices, social conditions, technologies, art, architecture, religions, and eventual decline. Key points covered are the rulers from Sri Gupta to Chandragupta II, the administrative hierarchy from provinces to villages, military use of cavalry and archery, advances in mathematics, medicine and astronomy, renowned art and architecture in Mathura and Gandhara, coexistence of Buddhism, Hinduism and Jainism, and the dynasty's decline due to invasions and internal rivalries.
Resume
Dhirendra Kasbe is seeking a position as a professional Land Surveyor. He has over 8 years of experience in land surveying for wind and pipeline projects. His experience includes topography and contour surveys, route alignment surveys, and AutoCAD drawing preparation. He has worked on projects for Continuum Wind Energy, Watsun Infrabuild, Suzlon, Bothe Windfarm Development, and Secon Private Limited. He is proficient in using survey equipment like total stations and GPS devices. He has a technical diploma in surveying and a bachelor's degree in Marathi.
Adyakrantiveer Vasudev Balawant Phadake by Santosh Takale
Vasudev Balwant Phadke (4 November 1845 – 17 February 1883) was an Indian Freedom Fighter who sought India's independence from British, It was First united attempt after 1857.
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The Mauryan Empire unified much of India under Chandragupta Maurya in the 300s BC. It reached its height under Ashoka in the 200s BC, but then declined and fell in 184 BC. Regional kingdoms emerged, including those of invaders from Central Asia in the north and the powerful Andhra kingdom in the south. The Gupta Empire then reunited northern India under the Guptas from around 320-550 AD, bringing a period of cultural and economic prosperity as well as a revival of Hinduism.
2013GuptaEmpire.ppt
The Gupta Empire rose to power in northern India around AD 320 under the rule of Chandra Gupta I. The Guptas reunited northern India and ushered in a period of prosperity. Under later rulers like Chandra Gupta II, the Gupta Empire reached its height and spread across northern India. Gupta society and culture flourished, as great works of art, literature, and architecture were created that promoted Hinduism. This period is seen as a golden age for India.
Gupta empires
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Ch 3, sec 2 handout
The document summarizes the rise and fall of early empires in India, including the Mauryan Dynasty founded by Chandragupta Maurya in 324 BC which flourished under Asoka until declining after his death in 232 BC. It also discusses the later Kushan kingdom established in the 1st century AD that prospered from trade along the Silk Road.
Important monarchs of india
Chandragupta Maurya founded the powerful Mauryan Empire in 321 BCE which covered most of South Asia. His empire was further expanded by his grandson Ashoka who adopted Buddhism after witnessing the violence of his Kalinga war. The Gupta Empire rose to power in 320 CE under Chandragupta I and had its golden age under Chandragupta II who expanded it across northern India. The Vardhan dynasty ruler Harsha united northern India in the 7th century CE before his empire broke apart. The Mughal Empire was founded in 1526 and became one of the largest and wealthiest empires under Akbar the Great from 1556-1605 CE, covering most of the Indian subcontinent through
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The Mauryan Empire lasted from 322 BCE to 185 BCE in South Asia. It originated in the kingdom of Magadha and was united under Chandragupta Maurya, who established a centralized state. The empire reached its peak under Ashoka, who expanded the kingdom and promoted Buddhism. The Mauryan Empire was driven by agriculture and had a population of around 50 million people living under a stratified caste system. Sanskrit was the written language, while Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism were the main religious beliefs.
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This document provides an overview of the history and geography of ancient India. It discusses the origins and spread of Hinduism and Buddhism. Major empires that ruled India are described, including the Maurya Empire founded by Chandragupta Maurya in the 4th century BCE, the Gupta Empire in the 4th century CE, and invasions by groups like the Huns that contributed to the decline of these empires. The document also summarizes the development of Indian civilization and its major religious and philosophical texts.
05 History of India 2014
The document provides a summary of the history of empires and kingdoms in ancient and medieval India. It discusses the Maurya Empire founded by Chandragupta Maurya in the 4th century BCE and the Kushan Empire that ruled parts of India from the 1st to 3rd centuries CE. It then covers the golden ages of the Gupta Empire in northern India and the Chola Empire in southern India between the 4th to 6th centuries CE. Finally, it examines the Mughal Empire that ruled much of India from the 16th to 18th centuries and the impact of Islam on the subcontinent.
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The document summarizes the early empires of India from 512 BC to the Gupta Empire between 320-535 AD. It discusses the Persian and Magadha states in the 6th century BC and the rise of the Maurya Dynasty in the 4th century BC led by Chandragupta Maurya. It then covers the expansion of the Maurya Empire under Ashoka in the 3rd century BC and the spread of Buddhism. Following the decline of the Mauryas, the document outlines the invasions of the Bactrian Greeks and Kushans and their cultural influences. It concludes with the golden age of the Gupta Empire in northern India and the independent kingdom of the Tamils in southern India.
Gupta empire
The Gupta Empire arose in northern India in 320 CE after the decline of the Mauryan Empire. Under rulers like Chandra Gupta I and Samudra Gupta, the Gupta Empire became unified and prosperous, spreading Hinduism through building temples and promoting Hindu writings. Religious tolerance was shown toward Buddhists and Jainists. The Gupta Empire is considered a high point of India's ancient history, known as the Golden Age of India, when art, literature, science, and economic prosperity flourished.
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1) The Maurya Empire unified northern India under Chandragupta Maurya from 321-185 BCE. His advisor Kautilya wrote a guide for rulers called the Arthashastra. Emperor Asoka converted to Buddhism after a bloody battle.
2) The Gupta Empire lasted from 320-647 CE and was a high point of peace and prosperity. The Gupta period saw advances in art, literature, science, and mathematics.
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The document discusses the major dynasties in India including the Mauryas, Guptas, and Mughals. It focuses on providing details about the Maurya Empire, key rulers like Chandragupta Maurya, Bindusara, Ashoka, and the fall of the Maurya dynasty. Some of the achievements during this period included the establishment of universities at Nalanda and Taxila, development of fine arts and architecture, and relatively widespread education across the empire.
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The Mauryas and the Guptas established two major empires in ancient India but neither unified the subcontinent permanently. Under Chandragupta Maurya and his grandson Ashoka, the Mauryan Empire stretched across northern India. Ashoka promoted Buddhism after feeling remorse for the violence of his conquests. The Gupta Empire saw a cultural flowering under Chandragupta I, his son Samudra Gupta, and grandson Chandragupta II, but also broke apart after their deaths. Increased trade under the Guptas spread Indian religions like Hinduism and Buddhism throughout Southeast Asia.
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7.1 india's first empires
- 1. India and China Establish Empires 400 B.C.-AD.550
- 3. Chapter Opener Asoka: The Buddhist King of India • Buddhism turned Asoka, the bloodthirsty king of ancient India’s Mauryan Empire, into a peace-loving ruler.
- 4. Section 1: India’s First Empires
- 5. The Mauryan Empire is Established Chandragupta Maurya Seizes Power • In 321 B.C. Chandragupta Maurya seizes power, starts Mauryan Empire Chandragupta Maurya Unifies North India • Chandragupta defeats Seleucus I; north India is united for the first time • Chandragupta uses taxes to support his large army
- 6. The Mauryan Empire is Established Running the Empire • Chandragupta’s chief adviser is Kautilya, a priest • Chandragupta creates a bureaucratic government • He divides the government to make it easier to rule
- 7. The Mauryan Empire is Established Life in the City and the Country • A Greek ambassador writes glowing praise of the empire • Chandragupta’s son rules from 301 to 269 B.C., (32 years) • Aŝoka— Chandragupta’s grandson, brings the empire to its height Mahabodhi Temple, site of first temple built by Asoka (3rd century B.C.) on spot of Buddha’s enlightenment. Bihar, India
- 8. The Mauryan Empire is Established Asoka Promotes Buddhism • After a bloody war with Kalinga, Asoka promotes Buddhism and peace • Preaches religious toleration—accepting people of different religions • Builds roads, with wells along them
- 9. A Period of Turmoil The Breakup of the Mauryan Empire • Asoka dies in 232 B.C.; kingdoms in central India soon break away • The Andhra Dynasty dominates central India for centuries • Northern India receives immigrants from Greece and other parts of Asia • Tamils—a people living in southern India—remain separate and frequently war with rival peoples.
- 10. The Gupta Empire is Established Chandra Gupta Builds an Empire • Chandra Gupta marries into kingship in north India in A.D. 320 • Starts Gupta Empire —India’s second empire; flowering of Indian civilization, especially Hindu culture (see next slide) • His son Samudra Gupta expands empire with conquest
- 11. Tamils
- 12. The Gupta Empire is Established Daily Life in India • Majority of Indians are farmers; entire family raises crops together • Families are patriarchal—headed by the eldest male • Farmers have to contribute work to government and pay heavy taxes • Some Tamil families are matriarchal— led by mother rather than father
- 13. The Gupta Empire is Established Height of the Gupta Empire • Chandra Gupta II rules from A.D. 375- 415 • He defeats the Shakas and adds western coast to empire • Gupta Empire sees flourishing of arts, religion, and science • After Chandra Gupta II dies, the empire declines