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Uploaded byAshley Birmingham
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Sui,tang, and song nathan's

During the Sui, Tang, and Song dynasties in China (589-1279 CE), China experienced political stability, economic growth, and intellectual and artistic achievements after years of division and conflict. Some key developments included the centralized imperial government and civil service system returning, agricultural improvements increasing food production, expansion of trade along the Silk Road and Indian Ocean, and technological innovations in areas like printing, gunpowder, clockwork, and shipbuilding. However, Chinese culture still retained influences from earlier dynasties like Confucianism and the social hierarchy.

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China during the Sui, Tang, & Song Dynasties Sui 589-618 Tang 618-907 Song 960 -1279
Background After the fall of the Han Empire in 220 c.e., northern China was controlled by Central Asian & Tibetan nomads; no group in southern China was strong enough to control the entire region (30 dynasties in about 300 years claimed the Mandate of Heaven). For 350 years, regional rule was the political reality.
Background By 589, the first emperor of the Sui dynasty had forcefully reunited northern and southern China once again. The foundations for the Tang & Song Dynasties were laid.
 
 
“ A Golden Age” China during the Tang and Song dynasties enjoyed political stability economic growth intellectual & artistic achievement
 
 
 
 
 
Even though there were many changes, Chinese culture retained many of its characteristics from earlier dynasties. Confucianism remained a foundation of society and culture. China continued to be superior in many advancements, in technology, and ideas to other areas of the world. Power of the emperor & scholar-bureaucracy returned
Written language was separate from spoken languages The social class structure and gender roles remained relatively constant.
CHARACTERISTICS OF CHINA DURING THE SUI, TANG, and SONG DYNASTIES
Politics & Government The frontiers were stabilized & attempts at expansion were partially successful. Centralized government returned along with a bureaucracy of trained civil servants.
Agriculture in Tang & Song China Agricultural production improved & crop specialization intensified with improved infrastructure , iron implements, and printing . New crop – Champa rice – Could be harvested twice
INDUSTRY & TRADE China continued to be a main producer of . . . Silk (though monopoly was lost) Porcelain Metals China began cotton, tea, and sugar production and export.
TRADE Regional trade improved due to improved infrastructure Indian Ocean trade increased with Tang control over coastal Southern China Silk Road trade increased
 
Finance Banking and Credit system (flying money) Government issued paper money. Growth of cities led to growth of industry, trade, and the empires’ economy
Social Classes Landowners (landed gentry) were at the top of the social class system. Scholar-bureaucrats (scholar gentry) & military leaders were also in upper-class. Merchants and artisans could acquire a great deal of wealth - but were in the lower classes.
Gender Roles Women’s status slowly declined (despite attempts at reform by several empresses). The Song Period saw women at a very low social status. Evidence: Seclusion, lack of property rights, exclusion from education, & FOOTBINDING.
From Ning Lao T'ai-t'ai “ A girl's beauty and desirability were counted more by the size of her feet than by the beauty of her face. Matchmakers were not asked, 'Is she beautiful?' but 'How small are her feet?' A plain face is given by heaven but poorly bound feet are a sign of laziness.”
 
 
 
Technology and Innovation First chain driven mechanism - the clock (1088) Gunpowder Paper production and block printing techniques were invented and then advanced—moveable type. Boat building and navigational technology was more advanced than the rest of the world.
Other Advancements included: Tang and Song China had some of the largest cities in the world. Song Chinese were the first to use fractions in computations and equations. Solar year was accurately measured Doctors in Song China compiled and printed medical texts
In terms of advancements, innovations, and knowledge, China benefited from centuries of Chinese scholarship and technology. Influences from other parts of the world (especially during the Tang period) also had a considerable effect.