Taurine is a derivative of the amino acid cysteine that is present in bile and plays several roles in the body. It is synthesized from cysteine in the pancreas and testes. In the brain, taurine is involved in neural cell volume regulation and is released during cell swelling to help protect against excitotoxicity. Under conditions of neural cell damage such as hypoxia or ischemia, taurine release from brain cells is enhanced. The liver plays a key role in regulating cysteine and taurine levels in the body by metabolizing dietary sulfur amino acids and increasing taurine synthesis when cysteine levels rise. Taurine is considered a conditionally semi-essential amino acid in humans and may have