This document provides information about alcohol, tobacco, and drug awareness for school staff. It defines substances and substance abuse, outlines signs of substance abuse including behavioral and physical signs for various substances. It describes school staff responsibilities including prevention, intervention, referral for treatment, and protocols. Signs of abuse are provided for specific substances like alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, stimulants, inhalants, hallucinogens, and narcotics. Referral processes and definitions are also outlined.

1. Alcohol, Tobacco, and
Drug Awareness
Prepared by
Yousef Elshrek

2. • INTRODUCTION
• Alcohol, tobacco o and drug use is a major public health issue,
increasing the risk of injury, violence, HIV infection and other disease
among our world’s students.
• For example, In USA, in 2013, the National Youth Risk Behavior
Survey (YRBS) reported that the following data:
1. 66.2% of high school students have tried alcohol.
2. 41.1% have smoked.
3. 22.1% have been offered, sold, or given an illegal drug on school property.
• School Staff Responsibility.
• As school employee for the following district protocols for:
1. Prevention
2. Intervention
3. Referral for evaluation and treatment.
4. Continuity of student care.

3. • Reporting Suspected Drug Use
• If a student appears to be under-the-
influence of substances, a staff
member should report it to a school
nurse and the principal.
• The principal should then contact
the student’s parent or guardian and
refer the student for medical
examination.
• A report of diagnosis should be
provided to the parent and the school
administration.
https://d1csarkz8obe9u.cloudfront.net/posterpreviews/atod-substance-abuse-
infographic-social-media-design-template-
7f10798b14d217aa8c906040d0f849f3_screen.jpg?ts=1602575500

4. • INTERVIEW AND REFERRAL FOR TREATMENT
• If it has been determined that the student was under-the-influence of
substances, it is recommended that he or she should not return to school
until the principal receive a report certifying the student is mentally and
physically able.
• Additionally, a trained staff member may then interview the student to find
out the extent of the substance use and the need for further treatment.
• This interview may also include the
parent/guardian, medical staff, and teachers.
• If the student’s involvement with the
substance presents a threat to his or her to
health and well-being, then referral to an
approved treatment program will be issued
before returning to school.
https://www.gannett-cdn.com/-mm-
/b9058d281ba9ae5e5671954a1579f9a3910bd238/c=0-157-1496-
1002&r=x803&c=1600x800/local//media/2016/09/02/Guam/Guam/63608442136599005
0-substance-abuse.jpg

5. • DEFINING SUBSTANCE
• What qualifies as a substance?
• “Substance” refer to alcoholic
beverages, controlled dangerous
substances, including anabolic steroids
or chemical or chemical compound
which release vapors or fumes causing a
condition of intoxication, inebriation,
excitement, stupefaction or dulling of
the brain or nervous system.

6. • WHAT IS SUBSTANCE ABUSE?
• “Substance abuse” means the consumption or use of any substance for the
purpose other than for the treatment of sickness or injury as prescribed or
administrated by a person duly authorized by law to treat sick and inured
human beings.
https://desertcoverecovery.com/wpcontent/uploads/2019/02/DCR-Feb19-Substance-Abuse-vs-Addiction-Infographic.png

7. • BEHAVIORAL SIGNS OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE
• While it can be difficult to identify substances abusers, there several observational
and physical signs.
• Behavioral signs include:
1. Excessive absence /tardiness.
2. Forgetfulness
3. Lack of attention span.
4. Poor school performance.
5. Lost of interest in usual activities
and relationships
6. General apathy/ lack of
motivation.
7. Moodiness, irritability.
8. Nervousness.
9. Over sensitivity.
10.Excessive laughter.
11.Paranoia
12.Unexplained need for
money/stealing.
13.Change in personal hygiene.
14.Possession of drug paraphernalia.
15.Secretiveness.
16.Change in friends/hobbies.
17.Avoiding friends/ family.
18.Isolation.

8. • PHYSICAL SIGNS OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE.
• Physical signs such as
1. Red, watery eyes.
2. Dilated Pupils.
3. Blank stare.
4. Cold , sweaty palms.
5. Trembling hands.
6. Aroma of drugs or alcohol on hair, breath, or clothes.
7. Needle marks on lower arm, leg or bottom of the foot.
8. Unhealthy complexion
9. Hacking cough.
10. Runny nose
11. Change in appetite /weight.
12. Excessive seating
13. Vomiting.
14. Overall poor physical condition.
https://s35691.pcdn.co/wp-
content/uploads/2017/05/iStock-534644043-
bored170612.jpg
https://drugabuse-
com.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/drug-abuse-
symptoms.png
https://qph.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-
5dcf4a69debefa95a3c9b099f14bdb23
https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/wp-
content/uploads/2020/06/Heroin-Track-Marks-4.jpg
https://images-
prod.healthline.com/hlcmsresource/images/Image-
Galleries/Hemosiderin-Staining/4692-Hemosiderin_Staining-
642x361-light-slide1.jpg
https://img.webmd.com/dtmcms/live/webmd/consumer_a
ssets/site_images/articles/health_tools/AtoZ_faceyourhealt
h_slideshow/493ss_diomedia_rm_bells_palsy.jpg?resize=37
5px:250px&output-quality=50
Cold , sweaty palms
Red, watery eyes Blank stare
Needle marks
Needle marks
Unhealthy complexion

9. • ALCOHOL
• The following commonly abuse substances
are characterized by the symptoms listed on
this and the next several slides
• Alcohol abuser often experience:
1. Loss of coordination.
2. Slurred speech.
3. Sleepiness.
4. Poor judgment
5. Headaches.
• Thy may exhibit excessive tardiness, show
up to school hung over and/or return from
lunch break with signs of intoxication.
Loss of coordination.
https://emeraldcoastjourneypure.com/wp-
content/uploads/2016/10/Physical-Signs-of-
Addiction.jpg
Sleepiness
https://www.verywellmind.com/thmb/SW
5bksoBQQPOoQRkqw2zA5rUoJA=/2577x25
77/smart/filters:no_upscale()/tired-
woman-taking-a-nap-in-a-cafe-947275086-
5b195a9cff1b780036fe3aae.jpg
Headaches
https://images.medicinenet.com/images/a
rticle/main_image/alcohol-use-disorder.jpg

10. • TOBACCO
• Tobacco users often exhibit:
1. Strong smoke scent in hair and
cloths.
2. Chronic coughing and wheezing.
3. Increase in depression,
aggressiveness, irritability.
4. Decrease in energy/desire for
previously enjoyed activities.
5. Poor health and frequently illness.
You may observe the student with
accessories such as lighters, matches,
electronic cigarettes, etc. https://static.dw.com/image/50697546_7.png

11. • MARIJUANA
• Marijuana users often exhibit:
1. Bloodshot or glassy eyes.
2. Inappropriate laughter followed by
drowsiness.
3. A sweet, burnet aroma on cloth, hair,
or breath.
4. Loss motivation.
5. Change in weight.
Marijuana use cause short-term memory
loss, panic attacks and may lead to
addiction.
You may notice dried plant material,
pipes or rolling papers in possession of
marijuana smoker.
https://sobercollege.com/wp-
content/uploads/2018/04/Pupil-Dialation-Drug-Chart.jpg
https://www.verywellfit.com/thmb/tciw1-
ndkeuzTaklKksjlidjigw=/1414x1414/smart/filters:no
_upscale()/hand-holding-marijuana-leaf-with-
cannabis-plants-in-background-821837594-
5a4d80c9aad52b00369731ca.jpg
Bloodshot or glassy eyes

12. • STIMULANTS
• Stimulants (cocaine, Amphetamines)
users often exhibit:
1. Temporary increase in alertness.
2. Wakefulness, talkativeness, followed
by depression, and sudden sleepiness.
3. Heightened blood pressure.
4. Weight loss.
5. Dry nose and mouth.
6. Dilated pupils.
Stimulants endanger he user by causing
exhaustion, paranoia, depression and
sometimes hallucinations.
https://www.northpointrecovery.com/images/infographics/medical-
detox/stimulant-withdrawal-symptoms.png

13. • INHALANTS
• Inhalants (gasoline,
aerosol, glue or other
vapors) cause:
1. Nausea.
2. Watery eyes.
3. Dizziness.
4. Headaches
5. Lack of coordination.
6. Lack of muscular
control.
https://149353691.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-
content/uploads/2016/12/Inhalants-Blog-Image-Aion-Recovery.png
https://www.psychiatryadvisor.com/wp-
content/uploads/sites/8/2021/04/inhaling-glue-
solvent_G_1022240270.jpg
https://bridgingthegaps.com/wp-
content/uploads/2017/05/inhalant-1.jpg
https://www.druga buse.gov/sites/default/files/2020-
04/boyspraying.jpg

14. • HALLUCINOGENS
• What Are Hallucinogens and Dissociative
Drugs?
• Hallucinogens are a class of drugs that cause
hallucinations—profound distortions in a
person’s perceptions of reality. Hallucinogens
can be found in some plants and mushrooms (or
their extracts) or can be man-made, and they
are commonly divided into two broad
categories:
1. Classic hallucinogens (such as LSD)
2. Dissociative drugs (such as PCP).
• When under the influence of either type of
drug, people often report
1. rapid, intense emotional swings and seeing
images,
2. hearing sounds, and
3. feeling sensations that seem real but are not
Psilocybin mushrooms, LSD, and
Salvia divinorum are commonly
used hallucinogenic and dissociative
compounds.
https://www.drugabuse.gov/sites/default/files/hallucinogens001.jpg

15. • Hallucinogen (Acid, LSD, Ecstasy)
users often exhibit:
1. Altered mood and perception
2. Create anxiety and panic
3. Cause paranoia and
irritation(sometimes violent).
• This drug usually comes in capsules
form or tablets.
https://s3.amazonaws.com/classconnection/581/flashcards/4738581/png/screen_shot_2016-
04-09_at_52608_pm-153FD59A25F0B02D979-thumb400.png
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09_at_51802_pm-153FD51947C11547D89-thumb400.png

16. • NARCOTICS
• a drug or other
substance that affects
mood or behavior and is
consumed for
nonmedical purposes,
especially one sold
illegally:
• "cultivation of a plant
used to make a
popular local narcotic"
synonyms:
drugs · narcotics · addictive
drugs . recreational drugs ·
illegal drugs · cannabis · heroin

19. https://d1csarkz8obe9u.cloudfront.net/posterpreviews/atod-substance-abuse-infographic-social-media-design-template-7f10798b14d217aa8c906040d0f849f3_screen.jpg?ts=1602575500
https://www.gannett-cdn.com/-mm-/b9058d281ba9ae5e5671954a1579f9a3910bd238/c=0-157-1496-1002&r=x803&c=1600x800/local//media/2016/09/02/Guam/Guam/636084421365990050-substance-abuse.jpg
https://desertcoverecovery.com/wpcontent/uploads/2019/02/DCR-Feb19-Substance-Abuse-vs-Addiction-Infographic.png
https://drugabuse-com.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/drug-abuse-symptoms.png
https://s35691.pcdn.co/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/iStock-534644043-bored170612.jpg
https://qph.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-5dcf4a69debefa95a3c9b099f14bdb23
https://img.webmd.com/dtmcms/live/webmd/consumer_assets/site_images/articles/health_tools/AtoZ_faceyourhealth_slideshow/493ss_diomedia_rm_bells_palsy.jpg?resize=375px:250px&output-quality=50
https://images-prod.healthline.com/hlcmsresource/images/Image-Galleries/Hemosiderin-Staining/4692-Hemosiderin_Staining-642x361-light-slide1.jpg
https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Heroin-Track-Marks-4.jpg
https://emeraldcoastjourneypure.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Physical-Signs-of-Addiction.jpg
https://www.verywellmind.com/thmb/SW5bksoBQQPOoQRkqw2zA5rUoJA=/2577x2577/smart/filters:no_upscale()/tired-woman-taking-a-nap-in-a-cafe-947275086-5b195a9cff1b780036fe3aae.jpg
https://images.medicinenet.com/images/article/main_image/alcohol-use-disorder.jpg
REFERENCES

20. REFERENCES
https://www.verywellfit.com/thmb/tciw1-ndkeuzTaklKksjlidjigw=/1414x1414/smart/filters:no_upscale()/hand-holding-marijuana-leaf-with-cannabis-plants-in-background-821837594-5a4d80c9aad52b00369731ca.jpg
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