Solar Water Heating Integration in Buildings: Energy and Cost-Benefit

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 10 Issue: 09 | Sep 2023 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2023, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 8.226 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 516
Solar Water Heating Integration in Buildings: Energy and Cost-Benefit
Neel Shrimali1
1Assistant Manager, Udyog Bhawan, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
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Abstract - A wide range of advancements based on the
proponents of non-zero buildings (NZEBs) have acted as a
prime ideology behind farming the aim of this report. It is
important to focus on adopting sustainable sources of energy
for solar-based water heaters so that thehighestendofenergy
efficiency has been accomplished based on cost-effective
components.
Key Words: Solar water heaters, Energy-efficiency, cost-
benefit features, integration in buildings.
1. Introduction
1.1. Background
“Solar water heating systems” incorporate a device that
helps in heating the associated water by using the Sun’s
energy, which is also regarded as one of the renewable
energy sources. Solar water heating (SWH) systems are also
treated as one of the most inexpensive and relatively
efficient ways of integrating the key element that isrequired
to be deployed by the accomplishments of renewable
energies in the region. The same also helps in improving the
energy efficiency quotient of the buildings through the
incorporation of simple technology along with its last
payback period [5]. It is important to focus on the “thermo-
economic performance” of the solar after-heating systems
based on the design so that effective modification has been
developed based on the heat transfer fluids. Effective
utilization of solar collectors has beendoneinthisprocessto
meet the thermal loads that have been associatedwithspace
heating and domestic hot water.
Figure 1: Analyzing the solar water heating capacity
globally until 2021.
Based on analyzing the above graph, it can be said that the
SWH capacity has reached a peak of almost "522 gigawatts
thermal" in 2021 which is almost "4.4%" as compared to the
energy requirements of the previousyear[8].Theincreasing
rate of sales in this domain also has been witnessedbasedon
adopting new policy formulations by the underlying
governments in this regard.
1.2. Problem Statement
The main inclination towards the accomplishment of the
solar water heating processes in buildings lies over the
conventional heating systems exhibit effective potential in
decreasing the level of fossilfuel consumptionalongwiththe
pollutant production and greenhouse gas emissions. In this
case, the application of steam is mainly produced based on
using the boiler or the steam generator which can save
almost "70-80%" of electricity[6].Byimplementingthiskind
of system, a residence can save a high amount of electricity
as compared to fuel bills by replacing “conventional water
heaters” with “solar water heaters”. The enhancementofthe
population in society fosters the need for affordablehousing
that integrates towards achieving suitable featuresbased on
implementing the solar-based heater in the daily scenario.
This arrangement of the systems not only provides energy
efficiency aspects but also provides a cost-effective scenario
too.
1.3. Aim and Objectives
The main aim of the research processes entailsinintegration
bi of solar power heating based on the rapid usage in the
buildings based on achieving an enhanced set of cost-
effective benefits that also pose energy-efficient aspects.
This research process also containssomeobjectivestoo,that
includes:
 To deploy effective usage of thesolarpowerheaters
in the buildings so that energy savings aspects have
been achieved.
 To identify the issues faced in conventional heating
processes so that the same has been resolved by
adopting the solar power heaters.
 To reduce the high-end usage of fossil fuel in
traditional water heaters based on the renewable
source of energy of solar power heater.
 To recommend some effective strategies so thatthe
energy-efficient along with cost-effective features

has been achieved based on the accomplishment
integration of solar power heaters.
1.4. Research Questions
 How the cost-effective forms have been achieved
based on the deployment of solar power heaters?
 What are the issues faced in the conventional water
heaters that require to be resolved by the rapid use
of SWH?
 How the usage of fossil fuel has been reduced based
on the introduction of solar power heaters?
 What are the adopted strategies required to be
taken so that an effective means of benefits has
been witnessed?
1.5. Rationale
The main problem lies in the conventional water heating
systems that mainly use the electricity generated by fossil
fuel which has been regarded as a non-renewable source of
energy [7]. The depletion level of that energy sources along
with the enhanced rate of the population has been regarded
as an effective point of concern in this regard.
The main problem as of now as the conventional processes
of water heaters do not resilient to the energy-efficient
features that have been achieved based on the adoption of
“solar water heaters” in a cost-effective form.
The research processshedslightontransformingthe needs
of the water heater by the accomplishment of solar power
where the demand has reached the peak level ofalmost"522
gigawatts" thermal in 2021 which is almost 4.4%" as
compared to the previous years.
1.6. Summary
Based on analyzing the overall research process, it can be
stated that the rapid usage of the solar power heater has
been required to be enhanced so that effective benefits have
been extracted from it. Improving energy-efficient features
has been accomplished in this process based on rapid
technological accomplishment in Solar energy so that a
suitable set of features has been accomplished.
2. Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
Solar water greater fosters an effective ideology of net-zero
emission in buildings that have significantly reduced energy
consumption along with greenhouse-gas emissions. This
chapter demonstrates all the implications of solar water
heaters along with their effective integration in buildings so
that the understandinghas beenimproved.All thebenefitsof
solar water eaters also have been depicted along with its
detailed working principle so that effective information has
been extracted.
2.2 Importance of Solar water heating Integration
in buildings
Solare water heating is important in residential buildings as
this is a sustainable option for water heating in buildings.
The water of the model is used to increase the temperature
of the building and to convert “solar energy” into heat. The
renewable energy source makes this an efficientsolutionfor
heating the water temperature. The water temperature
increases due to the use of heating techniques in this
process. The water of the collector gets heatedduetotheuse
of the solar panel in this model. The solar panel model uses
sunlight for heating the water and then the water is used for
multiple tasks. This is an effective and efficient model of
water heating that uses renewable energy sources [19].
Using electricity for the “water heating” increases the
temperature of the water but this is not the cost-effective
solution and also has a big impact on the environment. The
integration of the solar “water heater” increases the
efficiency of the model to generate heat and increase the
water temperature.
Figure 2: Integration in building
The integration of the “solar water heater” enhances the
efficiency of water heating and makes this a good and
efficient solution for water heating. The solar water heater
increases the water temperature using thesunlight.Sunlight
is a “renewable source” of energy that is used in this project.
Renewable energyreducestheenergyrequirementforwater
heating and this is found that this also makesthiseffective to
solve the issue related to environmental pollution and high
cost. The cost of the project reduces after usingthismodel as
there is no requirement for electricity for the water heating
task [20]. The efficiency of the model is high as compared to
other “solar water heater model” and this model can
generate electricity from sunlight which is an environment-
friendly option for this project. The integration ofthismodel
in the building solves the issue related to water heating and
then this is used for the power generation. The energy of the
sun is a continuous source of energy that is used in this

project. This makes the task of energy generation more
appropriate and solves the issue of high cost.
2.3 Working principle solar water heater
The “solar water heater” uses sunlight and converts therays
of the sun into heat. The collector of the solar panel uses this
to generate the heat and then this is used to increase the
temperature of the water. Sun rays fall into thesurfaceofthe
solar collector. The water moving through the collectoruses
these sun rays to increase the temperature of the fluid. The
sun rays are converted into heat in this stage that is used in
the building for solving the water heating issue. The energy
that comes from sunlight is a renewable source of energy
that has very less impact on the environmentascomparedto
other energy sources.“Renewable energy”haslessimpacton
the environment and this renewable energy is used by the
solar collector to increase the water temperature. The solar
collector collects the light coming from the sunlight and
converts that energy into heat then this increases the water
temperature. The “solar water heater” uses sunlight and the
collector of the solar panel uses this sunlight to convert the
rays into heat [21].
Figure 3: Working of solar water heater
The model has good efficiency in increasingthetemperature
of the water without affecting the environment. This model
uses the sun's rays to convert the energy into heat, the hot
water flows from one portion to another area. Model is used
to convert the ray of the sun into heat, the model takes the
sun's ray as input and converts that into heat. This heat
increases the water temperature and is used in buildings.
The cold water is supplied to the tank then the water is
moved upward direction to the solar panel where the
collector of the panel converts the sun's rays into heat [22].
Then this move from the solar collector to the twin coil
cylinder. Then the water is used for residential tasks.
2.4 Benefits of Using Solar Water Heaters in
Buildings
“Solar Water Heaters” have environmentally pleasant,
endurable instrumentsto“Heat Water” withpracticallyzero
carbon impression. Utilizing “Solar Water Heaters” will
decrease the electricity bill or assume the learner one stage
additional to green occupancy. Before purchasingthe"Solar
Water Heaters”, the learner is considerably inquisitive to
comprehend its benefits. The learner has arrived at the
current location that will define the different benefits of
“Solar Water Heaters” [11].
Environmental Benefits
The “Solar Water Heaters” decrease carbonimpressionsby
1850 kg per year. If the learner has operated a traditional
“Water Heat”, consistently recognizes it operateson “Fossil
Fuels”. A traditional “Water Heat” is a carbon imprint of
4000 kg each year, practically two of the “Solar Water
Heaters”. The learner can see which the “Solar Water
Heaters” have supported to protect their environment by
decreasing “Greenhouse Gases”. If the learner hasmovedto
assume green residence or exclusively desires to create
occasional approving changes for the improvement of
temperament. Hearting their water with the support of
“Solar Energy” could be equallyenvironmentallysociableas
well as cost-effective. The considerable eco-friendly “Water
Heat” learner could have a “Solar Water Heater”. There
don’t articulate any “Greenhouse Gases” and different
contaminants in the environment. “Solar Heater” operates
the energy of rays to one of the primary causes of
atmosphere pollution “Fossil Fuels” scorching. Dangerous
gasses such as “Sulphur Dioxide”, “Carbon Dioxide”, and
many more, have been delivered when “Fossil Fuels” have
roasted [12].
Figure 4: Benefits of Solar Water Heater
The assurance of fossil fuels has to be reduced day by day,
and however, fossil fuels do nothavesomuchunderstanding
of their environment.Society andlearnersareslowlyshifting
to renewableenergyconceptionstoconducttheirdynamism.
The “Solar Water Heater” in this topic has a most suitable
selection. Heating the water swallowsa respectablequantity
of energy monthly, constructing it a significantbenefactor to
the elevated electricity statement. Substituting the
conventional water heater with a “Solar Water Heater”
could eliminate serious quantities of “Fossil Fuel Burn”.
“Solar Water Heaters” have Solar water heaters that are

evolving excessively expected nowadays, andtheirclarity as
well as sustainability, “Solar Water Heaters” appear to be
the most comfortable to operatesolar-powereddevices[13].
Usability Benefits
Establishing a “Solar Water Heater” is awesome and
comfortable or not at every complex. The “Solar Water
Heaters” could be separated between occasional
components in “Pipes”, “Solar Collectors”, “Pumps”,
“Storage Tanks”, and “Regulators”. The learner has
required the position of the collector of the canopy there is
frivolity other than Photovoltaic Solar enclosure collections.
The learner has to the repositorytank whereverappropriate
for the learner or secure it to the regulator. “Solar Water
Heater” succeeds the ethnicity or generally doesn’t demand
particular concentration and caretaking in their prevailing
work life. An aggressive while wise determination toelevate
to the “Solar Water Heater” would commence producing
the learner as soon as the learner establishes one [14].
2.5 Literature Gap
This research process includes all the details of the benefits
of “solar water heaters in buildings” that also include cost-
effective and energy-efficient aspects throughout the
process. Detailed working principles also have been
demonstrated so that effective extraction of knowledge has
been accomplished in this regard. However, detailed cost-
benefit calculations have not been presented in these
processes. It is also important to foster additional energy
efficiency so that profit maximization has been done in this
process.
2.6 Summary
Based on the detailed understanding throughout this
chapter, it can be stated that the importance of solar water
heating has been demonstrated in these processes so that
effective suitability has been achieved. The same also
includes the effective benefits of solar water heaters so that
deployment oftheenergy-efficiencyalsohasbeenwitnessed.
The benefits of using the same in the buildings have been
reflected in this context too.
3. Methodology
3.1. Research Philosophy
“Research Philosophy” Counts on the method the learner
assumes regarding the consequence of understanding.Ithas
a rather coating in the onion analysis suggested by it.
According to it, there are 3 methods to “Research
Philosophy” such as “Epistemology”, “Ontology”, or
“Axiology”. “Epistemology” includessufficientproficiencyin
the occupationofanalysiswhereas “Ontology”hasdiscussed
the disposition of actuality. “Axiology”analyzesthelearner's
importance in every phase of the “Research Method”.
Assuming there is analysis for the dissertation suggests that
the learner has engaged in the design of understanding.
“Research Philosophy” has an element of this in which
thought regarding the method analyses should be achieved,
the data should be gathered, or it has then been explored or
operated [15].
3.2. Research Design
“Research Design” has the structure of “Research
Approaches” or methods selected by the learner to
accomplish analysis. The design authorizes the learner to
point to the “Research Approaches” appropriate for the
matter or set up their analyses for conquest. The “Research
Design” is a technique for responding to the research query
using practical data. Developing a “Research Design''
indicates producing findings about the prevailing research
purposes or method. The learner can depend on “Primary
Research” and “Secondary Research”. The “Research
Design” method is a frequent or structured method of
performing analysis. The technique is critical toconfirmthat
the analysis has reasonable, dependable, or assembles
significant outcomes.
The various literature studies on design of [23] HD
Chaudhary et al. [24-44] Anand Patel et al. for solar air and
water heater [45, 46, 47] Patel Anand et al. for hybrid
combination of solar heater and heat exchanger in
renewable systems [48] Anand Patel et al. for cooling tower
[49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55] Patel Anand et al. [56] Thakre,
Shekhar et al. for heat exchanger [57, 58] Patel Anand et al.
for solar cooker where the design of the solar collector
components is varied to enhance the heat transfer efficacy
by performing thermal performance. It helpstooptimizethe
design of solar water heating integration in building energy
with increment of cost benefits.
3.3. Research Approach
“Research Approaches” are techniques or methods for
analysis that transit the stages from broad deductions to
complicated methods of data collection, analysis, and
performance. This procedure implicates several
determinations choir not to be assumed in the demand in
that there creates a purpose to the learner the directive of
their production here. The intervening determination
concerns which method should be operated to study the
case. Declaring this determination should betheintellectual
speculations the learner obtains to the analysis processes of
query, or exhaustive “Research Approaches” of the data
accumulation analysis, or performance [16]. The choice of
“Research Approaches” hasagainestablishedtheessenceof
the analysis issue and the problem being managed, the
learner's confidential occasions, or the audiences of the
analysis. Therefore, the “Research Approaches”,“Research
Design” or “Research Analysis” are 3 key times. Defining
the philosophy is connecting research that explains

transmission in the subsequent methods from the broad
structure of analysis to the limited techniques of procedure.
3.4. Research Strategy
The “Research Strategy” directs a step-by-step schedule of
movement that provides recommendations for thelearner's
thought procedure. It facilitates the learner to accomplish
the research systematically or on the plan. The primary goal
has to present the main features of the analysis like the
research case, locations, primary direction, “Research
Design” or eventually research analysis. “Research
Strategy” supports the learner in selectingthecurrent“Data
Collection” or “Analysis Process”. Therefore, it has the
highest significance to select the current strategy but
instruct the analysis. The observing choice will concentrate
on the other varieties of strategies that can be operated.
3.5. Data Collection
Data collection is the process of collecting data or
information from various sources for a good knoledge of the
subject of choice. “Solar water heating integration in
buildings” is a very important thing in recent days but it
needs certain research works to achieve maximum
efficiency. This is the reason why data collection plays a
significant role in the context of this project. Energyandcost
benefits are there but it needs certain optimization
procedures to follow[1]. Properoptimizationtechniquescan
be acquired with the help of a proper collection of
researched data. Data has been collected through different
sources such as previously done research papers, journals,
books, surveys, interviews, and several other things.
Figure 5: Data collection
These are the secondary resources of data and it is the most
efficient way to collect data. Previously done project reports
can help to measure the faced challenges during that time
and to ensure the same problem is not faced duringthistime
also. This makes the project work more productive and
efficient. This is the reason why a secondary collection of
data has been done here in this project on “solar water
heating integration in buildings”.
3.6 Data analysis
Data analysis defines the procedure of checking, cleaning,
converting, and interpreting information or data to
determine important understandings, draw decisions, and
assist in making decisions. It is a very important part of this
project as a proper form of analysis of data can help achieve
the desired success in the context of this project work.
3.7. Tools and Technologies
Tools and technology are also one of the most important
parts of a successful project. Various latest and advanced
tools and technology are used here in this project to acquire
maximum productivity and efficiency. “Photovoltaic-
thermal collector” is one of the most advancedtechnologies
for solar energy conversion, merging thermal and electric
energy exhibition in a device [2]. “Flat Plate Collector(FPC)
Solar Water Heater” is also used in these “solar water
heating integration” in different buildings. “Vapour-
compression heat pump” is already regarded as one of the
most appropriate spotless latest technology for a building’s
thermal energy requirements [4]. These are sometoolsand
technologies used in recent days for “solar water heating
integration” in buildings. MATLAB is used in thisproject for
the design of the structures and better analysis.
3.8 Software Feasibility
MATLAB is used here in this projectforthe bettermentofthe
project design. It implements and tests various important
algorithms very easily and also allows creating the codesfor
computation smoothly. MATLAB operates a big database of
different built-in algorithms and processes still picturesand
develops simulation videos effectivelywithmuchmore ease.
It also can call external libraries for better result generation.
MATLAB includes an important tool that enables a
programmer to design a “graphical user interface” for the
program [3]. Programmers may design proper and accurate
“data-analysis programs” that can be used by comparatively
amateur users. This is the reasonwhythis MATLABsoftware
is given much more importance and preferred over
numerous latest software.

4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Result
Figure 6: Final model
The final view of the solar heater is shown in the above
image which is used for the water heating in the building.
“Solar energy” is used to convert the “solar power” to heat
then this helps in water heating. The water flows from one
location to another location due to the change in density of
the water. The cold “water in the tank” has a higher density
than the hot water present in the "solar collector". The hot
water goes upward direction due to low densityandthecold
water moves downward from the tank due to high density.
This water is then used for residential purposes and solves
the requirement for hot water.
Figure 7: Condenser
The condenser is used in buildings to heat water. This
condenser allows the water to condense and eject heat. This
is used to condense water and eject heat. Hot water
generation is possible by utilizing this in the solar heater
model.
Figure 8: Reservoir
This reservoir is used to store the water and this water is
used in the buildings. This is used to store the water and as
per the requirements, the water is transferred to the two
locations.
Figure 9: Separator
The hot and cold water is separated using the separator that
is used in this project to separate the cold waterfromthe hot
water.
Figure 10: Moving water
The moving water path is used to show the movement of
water from one place to another palace. This design of the
model helps to maintain the water temperature and to
increase the effectiveness of the model.
Figure 11: Chassis
The chassis of the “Solar water heater” is used to take the
model to the proper place. The chassis used in this project
provides stability to the model and helps to increase the
water temperature. The water heating model fits into this
chassis which increases the stability of the model.

Figure 12: Vapor tube
This vapor tube is used in this project which increases the
water temperature. The vapor tube is beneficial for using
this in multiple scenarios this model is used to increase the
temperature of the water.
Figure 13: Solar panel
The sun’s rays are converted into heat which is used to
increase the “temperature of water”. The solar collector of
the solar heater is used to collect the rays ofthesun andthen
this is used for the generation of heat from those rays.
4.2. Discussion
The “solar water heater” used in this project increases the
temperature of the water and thisisthenusedforresidential
purposes. The “collector” of the “solar water heater” collects
the rays and this energy is transferred to the water that is
used for water heating. The “solar water heater” model used
in this project has good efficiency in convertingsunraysinto
heat. The main components of solar water are the solar
collector, insulated tank, chassis, connectedpipes,andso on.
The solar collector collects the ray of the sun and converts
that sun rays into heat [17]. The insulated tank stores the
water and solves the issue of heat loss in the tank. The
insulation helps to solve the issue related to heat loss in the
tank. The solar heater model is used in this project that is
used to convert the rays of the sun to heat then this is used
for water heating. Water heating uses renewable energy
sources for this task. This renewable energy source has very
less impact on the environment.
A solar water heater is a sustainable optionthatconvertsthe
sun's rays into heat this is a sustainable option for the water
heating task. This is used for water heating purposes in the
residential building. This model has good efficiency and the
cost of energy generation is also very less as compared to
another conventional model [18]. The cost of energy
generation is very low compared to using other sources for
energy generation. The other sourcesareusedinthisproject
that is used to show the accuracy and efficiency of the model
that has good efficiency in water heating tasks. This solar
water heater is a cost-effective solution to the other
conventional method of water heating. This also has very
less impact on the environment as this uses the renewable
energy source for energy generation.
5. Future Work
The main prime reason for adopting the wide usage of the
solar power heater lies in enhancing the proportion of
sustainability so that the issues of supplies of petroleum in
the earth along with the fossil fuel combustion has been
achieved in this regard. Analyzing the future of the global
solar water heater market size it has been observed that the
same has been acquainted with almost "USD 5.57 billion" in
2022 that is expected to be increased to almost "9.56 billion
USD" by the end of 2032. It is also recommended that an
effective urban scale of residential buildings has been
required to be accomplished so that effective energy
efficiency has been witnessed in this regard [9]. It is
important to focus on the energy demand of solar power so
that the same will be implemented in the practical arena so
that effective efficiency has been achieved in these aspects.
The rising electricity demand based on the ever-growing
population has been regarded as the main aspect of this
process of petroleum supplies [10]. Effective usage of the
solar power heater lies in using the easiest ways of
sustainability so that pollution in the surrounding
environment has been reduced.
6. Conclusion
Based on all the information portrayed in this report, it can
be stated that the water heater market has been surpassed
by a huge proportion of profit-maximization aspects that
have been accomplished based on the information extracted
in 2023. Anticipated growth in these processes in the
underlying market also can be attributedtoanincreasingset
of consumer awareness regarding solar water heaters so
that environment-friendly benefits across residential and
commercial buildings will be extracted. Evaluating the
overall market statistics, it can be stated that the market of
solar energy has been continuing to be increased in the
upcoming years based on the supportive policies framed by
the governments.

The same will help in reducing fossil fuel so that the
combustion of the same will be reduced in an effective form
so that electricity generation has been done throughout the
cases. Based on analyzing the overall markets, it has been
stated that effective means of sustainability have been
accomplished in these processes so that an effective
beneficial impact on the climate has been fostered. Effective
usage of solar water heaters focused on reducing electricity
bills on a rapid based so that the issues of future fuel
shortages along with the price hikes will be nullified. It is
imperative in the effective usage of solar energy in such a
manner so that effective beneficial impacts have been
accumulating from the sustainable set of sources. This
process provides a scalable set of solutions to the faced
issues in the recent arena where environmental
sustainability has been triggered as a severe aspect that
requires to be accomplished by all the major countriesinthe
recent domains.
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Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 9(1),
p.134.
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Shakir, S. and Umer, M., 2018. The potential of energy
savings and the prospects of cleaner energy production
by solar energy integration in the residential buildings
of Saudi Arabia. Journal of cleaner production, 183,
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[18]. Chow, T.T., Fong, K.F., Chan, A.L.S. and Lin, Z., 2006.
Potential application of a centralized solar water-
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Hong Kong. Applied Energy, 83(1), pp.42-54.
[19]. Garnier, C., Muneer, T. and Currie, J., 2018. Numerical
and empirical evaluation of a novel building integrated
collector storage solar water heater. Renewable
Energy, 126, pp.281-295.
[20]. Golić, K., Kosorić, V. and Furundžić, A.K., 2011. General
model of solar water heating system integration in
residential building refurbishment—Potential energy
savings and environmental impact. Renewable and
Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15(3), pp.1533-1544.
[21]. Han, J., Mol, A.P. and Lu, Y., 2010. Solar water heaters in
China: A new day dawning. EnergyPolicy, 38(1),pp.383-
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[22]. Huang, J., Fan, J., Furbo, S. and Li, L., 2019. Solar water
heating systems applied to high-rise buildings—lessons
from experiences in China. Energies, 12(16), p.3078.
[23]. HD Chaudhary, SA Namjoshi, A Patel, Effect of Strip
Insertion on Thermal Performance Evaluation in
Evacuated Tube Solar Water HeaterwithDifferentInner
Tube Diameter REVISTA GEINTEC-GESTAO INOVACAO
E TECNOLOGIAS, Volume 11, Issue 3, Page- 1842-1847
[24]. Anand Patel and Sadanand Namjoshi, “Phase change
material basedsolarwaterheater,”International Journal
of Engineering Science Invention., vol. 5, no. 8, August
2016.
[25]. Anand Patel, Divyesh Patel, Sadanand Namjoshi(2018);
Thermal Performance Evaluation of Spiral Solar Air
Heater; Int J Sci Res Publ 5(9) (ISSN: 2250-3153).
http://www.ijsrp.org/research-paper-
0915.php?rp=P454598
[26]. Patel A, Parmar H, Namjoshi S 2016 Comparative
thermal performance studies of serpentine tube solar
water heater with straight tube solar waterheater.IOSR
Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-
JMCE) 13 79–83.
[27]. Patel, Anand et al."Thermal PerformanceAnalysisofFin
Covered Solar Air Heater", "International Journal of
Engineering Science and Futuristic Technology"(2017).
[28]. Patel, Anand, et al. “Thermal Performance Analysis of
Helical Solar Water Heater.” International Journal of
Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering
(IJITEE), Volume 5, no. 3, 2015, pp. 67-69,
www.ijitee.org/wp-
content/uploads/papers/v5i3/C2177085315.pdf.
[29]. Anand Patel. "Effect of InclinationonthePerformanceof
Solar Water Heater." International Journal for Scientific
Research and Development 11.3 (2023): 413-416.
[30]. Patel, Anand. "The Performance Investigation of Square
Tube Solar Water Heater", International Journal of
Science & Engineering Development Research
(www.ijsdr.org), ISSN:2455-2631, Vol.8, Issue 6, page
no.872 - 878, June-2023, Available
:http://www.ijsdr.org/papers/IJSDR2306123.pdf
[31]. Anand Patel. ""Comparative Thermal Performance
Investigation of Box Typed Solar Air heater with V
Trough Solar Air Heater"". International Journal of
Engineering Science Invention (IJESI), Vol. 12(6), 2023,
PP 45-51. Journal DOI- 10.35629/6734"
[32]. Patel, Anand, et al. “Comparative Thermal Performance
Evaluation of U Tube and Straight Tube Solar Water
Heater.” International Journal of Research in
Engineering and Science (IJRES), vol. 11, no. 6, June
2023, pp. 346–352. www.ijres.org/index.html.
[33]. Patel, A., Namjoshi, Dr. S., & Singh, S. K. (2023).
Comparative Experimental Investigation of Simple and
V-Shaped Rib Solar Air Heater. International Journal of
All Research Education and Scientific Methods
(IJARESM), 11(6), Page No. 2993–2999.
http://www.ijaresm.com/uploaded_files/document_file
/Anand_PatelYHv7.pdf
[34]. Patel, Anand. “Experimental Investigation of Oval Tube
Solar Water Heater With Fin Cover Absorber Plate.”
International Journal of Enhanced Research in Science,
Technology & Engineering, vol.12,issueno.7,July2023,
pp. 19–26, doi:10.55948/IJERSTE.2023.0704.
[35]. Patel, Anand. “Comparative Thermal Performance
Evaluation of V-shaped Rib and WShape Rib Solar Air
Heater.” International Journal of Research Publication
and Reviews, vol. 14, issue no. 7, July 2023, pp. 1033–
1039.
[36]. Patel, Anand. “Experimental EvaluationofTwistedTube
Solar Water Heater.” International Journal of
Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), vol. 12,
issue no. 7, IJERTV12IS070041, July 2023, pp. 30–34,

https://www.ijert.org/research/experimental-
evaluation-of-twisted-tube-solar-water-heater-
IJERTV12IS070041.pdf.
[37]. Patel, Anand.“Comparative Thermal Performance
Investigation of the Straight TubeandSquare TubeSolar
Water Heater.” World Journal ofAdvancedResearchand
Reviews, vol. 19, issue no. 01, July 2023, pp. 727–735.
https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.19.1.1388.
[38]. Patel, A. (2023f). Thermal Performance of Combine
Solar Air Water Heater with Parabolic Absorber Plate.
International Journal of All Research Education and
Scientific Methods (IJARESM), 11(7), 2385–2391.
http://www.ijaresm.com/uploaded_files/document_file
/Anand_Patel3pFZ.pdf
[39]. Patel, Anand. “Effect of W Rib Absorber Plate on
Thermal Performance Solar Air Heater.” International
Journal of Research in Engineering and Science (IJRES),
vol. 11, no. 7, July 2023, pp. 407–412. Available:
https://www.ijres.org/papers/Volume-11/Issue-
7/1107407412.pdf
[40]. Patel, Anand. "Performance Evaluation of Square
Emboss Absorber Solar Water Heaters." International
Journal For Multidisciplinary Research(IJFMR),Volume
5, Issue 4, July-August 2023.
https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2023.v05i04.4917
[41]. Anand Patel. (2023). Thermal Performance Analysis of
Wire Mesh Solar AirHeater. Eduzone:International Peer
Reviewed/Refereed Multidisciplinary Journal, 12(2),
91–96. Retrieved from
https://www.eduzonejournal.com/index.php/eiprmj/ar
ticle/view/389
[42]. Patel, A (2023). "Thermal performance analysis conical
solar water heater". World Journal of Advanced
Engineering Technology and Sciences (WJAETS), 9(2),
276–283.
https://doi.org/10.30574/wjaets.2023.9.2.02286
[43]. Patel, A (2023). "Efficiency enhancement of solar water
heaters through innovative design". International
Journal of Science and Research Archive (IJSRA),10(01),
289–303.
https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2023.10.1.0724.
[44]. Anand Kishorbhai Patel, 2023. Technological
Innovations in Solar Heater Materials and
Manufacturing. United International Journal for
Research & Technology (UIJRT), 4(11), pp13-24.
[45]. Patel, A (2023). ""Comparative analysis of solar heaters
and heat exchangers in residential water heating"".
International Journal of Science and Research Archive
(IJSRA),09(02), 830–843.
https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2023.9.2.0689."
[46]. Patel, A. (2023). Enhancing Heat Transfer Efficiency in
Solar Thermal Systems Using Advanced Heat
Exchangers. Multidisciplinary International Journal of
Research and Development (MIJRD), 02(06), 31–51.
https://www.mijrd.com/papers/v2/i6/MIJRDV2I60003
.pdf.
[47]. Patel, Anand "Optimizing the Efficiency of Solar Heater
and Heat Exchanger Integration in Hybrid System",
TIJER - International Research Journal (www.tijer.org),
ISSN:2349-9249, Vol.10, Issue 8, page no.b270-b281,
August-2023, Available
:http://www.tijer.org/papers/TIJER2308157.pdf
[48]. Anand Patel. TheEffect of Moisture Recovery System on
Performance of Cooling Tower. International Journal for
Modern Trends in Science and Technology 2023, 9(07),
pp. 78-83. https://doi.org/10.46501/IJMTST0907013.
[49]. Patel, AK, & Zhao, W. "Heat Transfer Analysis of
Graphite Foam EmbeddedVaporChamberforCoolingof
Power Electronics in Electric Vehicles." Proceedings of
the ASME 2017 Heat Transfer Summer Conference.
Volume 1:AerospaceHeatTransfer;Computational Heat
Transfer; Education; Environmental Heat Transfer;Fire
and Combustion Systems; Gas Turbine Heat Transfer;
Heat Transfer in Electronic Equipment;HeatTransferin
Energy Systems. Bellevue, Washington, USA. July 9–12,
2017. V001T09A003.
ASME. https://doi.org/10.1115/HT2017-4731
[50]. Anand Patel, "Thermal Performance Investigation of
Twisted Tube Heat Exchanger", International Journal of
Science and Research (IJSR), Volume 12 Issue 6, June
2023, pp. 350-353,
https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=SR2352
4161312, DOI: 10.21275/SR23524161312
[51]. Patel, Anand "PerformanceAnalysisofHelical TubeHeat
Exchanger", TIJER - International Research Journal
(www.tijer.org), ISSN:2349-9249, Vol.10, Issue 7, page
no.946-950, July-2023, Available
:http://www.tijer.org/papers/TIJER2307213.pdf.
[52]. Patel, Anand. “EFFECT OF PITCH ON THERMAL
PERFORMANCE SERPENTINE HEAT EXCHANGER.”
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN
AERONAUTICAL AND MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
(IJRAME), vol. 11, no. 8, Aug. 2023, pp. 01–11.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8225457.
[53]. Patel, Anand. “Advancements in Heat Exchanger Design
for Waste Heat Recovery in Industrial Processes.” World
Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews (WJARR),

vol. 19, no. 03, Sept. 2023, pp. 137–52,
doi:10.30574/wjarr.2023.19.3.1763.
[54]. Patel, Anand Kishorbhai. Investigation of a Novel Vapor
Chamber for Efficient Heat Spreading and Removal for
Power Electronics in Electric Vehicles,thesis,May2017;
Denton, Texas.
(https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc984
206/: accessed September 11, 2023), University of
North Texas Libraries, UNT Digital Library,
https://digital.library.unt.edu;. DOI:
10.13140/RG.2.2.28847.10402
[55]. Patel, Anand. “Heat Exchanger Materials and Coatings:
Innovations for ImprovedHeatTransferandDurability.”
International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications (IJERA), vol. 13, no. 9, Sept. 2023, pp. 131–
42, doi:10.9790/9622-1309131142.
[56]. Thakre, Shekhar, Pandhare, Amar, Malwe, Prateek D.,
Gupta, Naveen, Kothare, Chandrakant, Magade, Pramod
B., Patel, Anand, Meena, Radhey Shyam, Veza, Ibham,
Natrayan L., and Panchal, Hitesh. "Heat transfer and
pressure drop analysisofa microchannel heatsink using
nanofluids for energy applications" Kerntechnik, 2023.
https://doi.org/10.1515/kern-2023-0034
[57]. Anand Patel, "Comparative Thermal Performance
Analysis of Circular and Triangular Embossed
Trapezium Solar Cooker with and without Heat Storage
Medium", International Journal of Science andResearch
(IJSR), Volume 12 Issue 7, July 2023, pp. 376-380,
https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=SR2361
2004356
[58]. Patel, Anand.""Comparative Thermal Performance
Analysis of Box Type and Hexagonal Solar Cooker"",
International Journal of Science & Engineering
Development Research (www.ijsdr.org), ISSN:2455-
2631, Vol.8, Issue 7, page no.610 - 615, July-2023,
Available
:http://www.ijsdr.org/papers/IJSDR2307089.pdf"

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