This document describes a study analyzing the thermal performance of flat plate solar collectors when using different tube path designs and cross-sections. It discusses how the collector efficiency is affected by parameters like the tube material and shape. The researchers created 3D models of collectors with varying tube paths (zigzag, U-bend, parallel etc.) and cross-sections (circular, elliptical) and analyzed them using CFD simulation software. The goal is to identify designs that enhance heat transfer and collector efficiency by changing these factors. Previous studies on similar topics are also reviewed which analyzed tube shapes like triangular but none looked at varying the tube path configurations in depth.
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Design of The Cooling System for Optimizing the Performance of Solar PanelIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and testing of three solar panel cooling systems. The cooling systems included two passive systems, one using an acrylic tank and the other using copper heat pipes and an aluminum heat sink. The third was an active water cooling system that pumped water over the solar panel surface. Experimental results showed that the water cooling system maintained the lowest solar panel temperatures, with panel temperatures around 60°C compared to 70°C without cooling. Cooling the panels in this way improved their electrical output and efficiency by reducing thermal losses at high temperatures.
Design, Analysis and Investigation of Solar flat Plate CollectorIRJET Journal
1. The document describes a study investigating the effects of different absorber plate tube diameters and shapes on the thermal performance of solar flat plate collectors.
2. Numerical simulations were conducted using ANSYS to model solar flat plate collectors with various tube configurations, including parallel, U-bend, and zigzag shapes. Parameters like temperature, velocity, and pressure were evaluated.
3. An experimental model was also built and tested to validate the simulation results. The experimental data matched the predicted temperatures from 50 iterations of the ANSYS simulation using a parallel tube design.
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The document discusses using nanofluids to improve heat transfer in a heat exchanger. It begins by introducing nanofluids and their potential to increase heat transfer rates compared to conventional fluids. It then describes the experimental setup to test a heat exchanger using water and metal-based nanofluids. Temperature sensors will measure the inlet and outlet temperatures of the two fluids while flow control valves regulate flow rates. The goal is to study the effect of mass flow rates on heat exchanger efficiency. CAD software was used to model the design. Experimental testing will obtain results and conclusions on the heat exchanger's performance using nanofluids versus just water.
CFD Simulation of Solar Air Heater having Inclined Discrete Rib Roughness wit...IRJET Journal
This document presents a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of a solar air heater duct with inclined discrete rib roughness and a staggered convex element. The study aims to develop a 3D CFD model to analyze heat transfer and fluid flow performance. Boundary conditions and material properties are defined. A mesh is generated and the RNG k-epsilon turbulence model is used. Results for velocity, temperature, and turbulent kinetic energy contours are presented along with charts showing variations in Nusselt number with Reynolds number and roughness pitch. Inclined discrete ribs with a staggered convex element are found to improve heat transfer in the solar air heater duct.
DESIGN OF SOLAR PARABOLIC TROUGH WATER HEATERIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on the design of a solar parabolic trough water heater. It begins with an abstract that describes concentrating solar collectors that absorb solar energy and convert it into heat for hot water. It then reviews 25 previous journal papers on parabolic trough water heaters. The paper proposes a new design for a parabolic trough water heater that is more effective and lower cost. It describes the components of the new design, which includes an aluminum trough, mirrors, and a copper tube receiver.
Thermal Analysis of Earth Tube Heat ExchangerIRJET Journal
This document presents a thermal analysis and CFD simulation of an earth tube heat exchanger. The earth tube heat exchanger uses geothermal energy from the ground for heating and cooling applications by circulating air through underground pipes. The study models the heat exchanger system in ANSYS Fluent to analyze parameters like pipe length, diameter, air velocity, and their impact on system effectiveness. CFD simulations are conducted to evaluate the heat transfer between the buried pipes and circulating air under varying operating conditions.
IRJET- Numerical Analysis of Twisted Tape Absorber Tube of Solar Parabolic Tr...IRJET Journal
This document numerically analyzes the fluid flow in a twisted tape absorber tube of a parabolic trough solar collector to improve efficiency. It studies the effect of heat transfer in absorber tubes with different velocity profiles. The analysis finds that a twisted tape insert increases the outlet temperature compared to a plain tube. At low velocity of 0.1 m/s, the outlet temperature is 322K for the twisted tape tube, while it is lower at 309K for the higher velocity of 1.2 m/s. The absorber tube with twisted tape insert provides better performance at lower minimum velocities.
IRJET- A Review of Solar Water Heater Performance FactorsIRJET Journal
This document reviews several factors that affect the performance of flat plate solar water heaters, including the type of fins, number of passes through the collector, absorber plate material selection, and mass flow rate. Specifically, it discusses research showing that collectors with inverted modified fins produced higher outlet water temperatures than those with standard fins. Studies also found that double pass collectors with internal fins achieved higher efficiencies than single pass collectors without fins. Additionally, absorber plates made from black painted clear toughened glass sandwiches performed better than those made from other materials like galvanized iron or aluminum. In general, the review indicates that design modifications aiming to increase surface area or number of heat transfers tend to improve collector performance.
Design of The Cooling System for Optimizing the Performance of Solar PanelIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and testing of three solar panel cooling systems. The cooling systems included two passive systems, one using an acrylic tank and the other using copper heat pipes and an aluminum heat sink. The third was an active water cooling system that pumped water over the solar panel surface. Experimental results showed that the water cooling system maintained the lowest solar panel temperatures, with panel temperatures around 60°C compared to 70°C without cooling. Cooling the panels in this way improved their electrical output and efficiency by reducing thermal losses at high temperatures.
Design, Analysis and Investigation of Solar flat Plate CollectorIRJET Journal
1. The document describes a study investigating the effects of different absorber plate tube diameters and shapes on the thermal performance of solar flat plate collectors.
2. Numerical simulations were conducted using ANSYS to model solar flat plate collectors with various tube configurations, including parallel, U-bend, and zigzag shapes. Parameters like temperature, velocity, and pressure were evaluated.
3. An experimental model was also built and tested to validate the simulation results. The experimental data matched the predicted temperatures from 50 iterations of the ANSYS simulation using a parallel tube design.
IRJET- Heat Exchanger based on Nano FluidIRJET Journal
The document discusses using nanofluids to improve heat transfer in a heat exchanger. It begins by introducing nanofluids and their potential to increase heat transfer rates compared to conventional fluids. It then describes the experimental setup to test a heat exchanger using water and metal-based nanofluids. Temperature sensors will measure the inlet and outlet temperatures of the two fluids while flow control valves regulate flow rates. The goal is to study the effect of mass flow rates on heat exchanger efficiency. CAD software was used to model the design. Experimental testing will obtain results and conclusions on the heat exchanger's performance using nanofluids versus just water.
CFD Simulation of Solar Air Heater having Inclined Discrete Rib Roughness wit...IRJET Journal
This document presents a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of a solar air heater duct with inclined discrete rib roughness and a staggered convex element. The study aims to develop a 3D CFD model to analyze heat transfer and fluid flow performance. Boundary conditions and material properties are defined. A mesh is generated and the RNG k-epsilon turbulence model is used. Results for velocity, temperature, and turbulent kinetic energy contours are presented along with charts showing variations in Nusselt number with Reynolds number and roughness pitch. Inclined discrete ribs with a staggered convex element are found to improve heat transfer in the solar air heater duct.
DESIGN OF SOLAR PARABOLIC TROUGH WATER HEATERIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on the design of a solar parabolic trough water heater. It begins with an abstract that describes concentrating solar collectors that absorb solar energy and convert it into heat for hot water. It then reviews 25 previous journal papers on parabolic trough water heaters. The paper proposes a new design for a parabolic trough water heater that is more effective and lower cost. It describes the components of the new design, which includes an aluminum trough, mirrors, and a copper tube receiver.
Thermal Analysis of Earth Tube Heat ExchangerIRJET Journal
This document presents a thermal analysis and CFD simulation of an earth tube heat exchanger. The earth tube heat exchanger uses geothermal energy from the ground for heating and cooling applications by circulating air through underground pipes. The study models the heat exchanger system in ANSYS Fluent to analyze parameters like pipe length, diameter, air velocity, and their impact on system effectiveness. CFD simulations are conducted to evaluate the heat transfer between the buried pipes and circulating air under varying operating conditions.
IRJET- Numerical Analysis of Twisted Tape Absorber Tube of Solar Parabolic Tr...IRJET Journal
This document numerically analyzes the fluid flow in a twisted tape absorber tube of a parabolic trough solar collector to improve efficiency. It studies the effect of heat transfer in absorber tubes with different velocity profiles. The analysis finds that a twisted tape insert increases the outlet temperature compared to a plain tube. At low velocity of 0.1 m/s, the outlet temperature is 322K for the twisted tape tube, while it is lower at 309K for the higher velocity of 1.2 m/s. The absorber tube with twisted tape insert provides better performance at lower minimum velocities.
COMPUTATIONAL STUDY OF COOLING OF PV SOLAR PANEL USING FINNED HEAT PIPE TECHN...IAEME Publication
Various solar energy technologies exist and they have different application techniques in the generation of electrical power. The widespread use of photovoltaic (PV) modules in such
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This document summarizes a computational study on using finned heat pipes to cool photovoltaic (PV) solar panels. The study uses computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to model heat transfer from a solar panel through a heat pipe with attached fins. The CFD analysis shows that attaching fins to a heat pipe can reduce the temperature of a solar panel by up to 20°C compared to no cooling. This temperature reduction can increase the panel's efficiency and power output. The study aims to develop a passive cooling system for PV panels using a low-cost finned heat pipe design.
IRJET- Design and Analysis of Absorber Tube of Solar Parabolic trough CollectorIRJET Journal
This document discusses a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of the fluid flow and heat transfer in the absorber tube of a parabolic trough solar collector with and without internal inserts. The CFD analysis is conducted to study the effect of different insert profiles on heat transfer and compare results to an absorber tube without inserts. The goal is to improve the efficiency of heat transfer from the absorber tube wall to the working fluid by increasing contact area between the fluid and tube, increasing residual time of the fluid, and decreasing fluid velocity using inserts or internal fins.
Solar Heat Storage Technologies: Advancements and Integration in Renewable En...IRJET Journal
The document discusses solar heat storage technologies and their integration into renewable energy systems. It provides background on solar heat storage and its importance for generating energy without fossil fuels. Sensible heat storage stores thermal energy by increasing the temperature of a storage medium without phase transformation. Various solar heat storage technologies are described, including flat plate collectors, evacuated tube collectors, and concentrating solar power systems. The future of solar heat storage technologies is promising as materials improve and integration with other renewables increases. Challenges include the initial cost and weather dependence of solar energy systems. The document also examines thermal energy storage methods, classifications of solar energy storage, advantages and disadvantages, and the cost-effectiveness of solar heat storage technologies.
IRJET- Analysis of Solar Water Heating SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software to analyze the thermal performance of flat plate solar water collectors with internal fins on riser pipes compared to collectors without fins. The CFD model simulated collectors from 10am to 3:30pm over half hour intervals at flow rates of 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6 kg/min. Results showed collectors with fins had higher heat transfer and 10-15% greater efficiency than plain tubes, with maximum efficiency at 0.4 kg/min flow rate. Experimental data validated the CFD results, showing temperature increases of 6-9°C for experiments and 7-11°C for CFD with fins, along with 9-
This document describes the design of an adaptive travel cup that can heat or cool beverages. The travel cup uses a graphite heating coil, polyurethane insulation, and a thermistor temperature sensor to heat water to 80 degrees Celsius within 4 minutes when powered by a car charger. It can maintain the water at 52 degrees Celsius for an extended period. Simulations were conducted in MATLAB to optimize the design parameters. The travel cup provides a portable way to access hot or cold drinks during travel while reducing plastic waste from water bottles.
IRJET- Efficiency Improvement and Performance Analysis of Solar Collector...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using nanofluids to improve the efficiency of solar collectors. It summarizes the design and fabrication of a flat plate solar collector that uses different shaped copper tubes (circular, triangular, square) as absorber tubes. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was performed and results were validated through experimentation on a fabricated solar collector setup. The goal was to increase collector efficiency by changing the absorber tube geometry to increase surface area for heat transfer.
Design, CFD Analysis and Fabrication of Solar Flat Plate CollectorIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design, CFD analysis, and fabrication of a solar flat plate collector for drying food products. It aims to compare different shapes of absorber plates using CFD to determine the most efficient design. A 3D model was created in NX and analyzed in ANSYS for four plate shapes. Type D showed the highest temperatures in simulation. A prototype of Type D was fabricated and tested, with results matching CFD predictions. The CFD analysis proved an effective design tool for selecting the optimal plate shape to increase collector efficiency without building prototypes of all options.
IRJET- Thermal Performance and Analysis of a Solar Water Heating System with ...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes the thermal performance of a solar water heating system that uses an evacuated tube collector with heat pipe technology. Three materials - aluminum, copper, and aluminum alloy 6061 - are considered for the heat pipe base. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis and theoretical calculations are performed to evaluate heat transfer and heat flux rates under different mass flow rates. The results show that copper has the highest heat transfer and heat flux rates, making it the best material for the heat pipe. The maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and heat flux are highest for copper alloy compared to aluminum and aluminum alloy 6061. Therefore, copper alloy is determined to be the best material for the heat pipe in an evacuated tube solar collector.
IRJET- A Review : Design, Analysis & Optimization of Pipe Stack Heat Exchange...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a review paper on the design, analysis, and optimization of a 22 meter pipe stack heat exchanger. It discusses pipe stack heat exchangers and their common use in industries. The paper reviews literature on heat exchanger design parameters like baffle position, cut percentage, tube patterns, and material selection. It describes modeling a heat exchanger in Solidworks software and analyzing it to optimize heat transfer and pressure drop. The document concludes that parameters like tube diameter, length, material, and temperature can improve heat transfer rates in pipe stack heat exchangers.
This document describes a study on a concrete solar collector as an alternative to traditional solar water heaters. The concrete collector uses a reinforced concrete slab with copper pipes embedded in it to transfer heat to water running through the pipes. Tests of a prototype showed it was capable of heating water to temperatures between 42-48°C on average winter days. The concrete solar collector provides a lower-cost alternative for solar water heating compared to traditional systems, with the potential to reduce costs by over 50%. It could be integrated into new or existing building roofs to take advantage of unused space and provide hot water.
IRJET- Optimization of Flat Plate Solar Collector with Novel Heat Collect...IRJET Journal
This document discusses optimizing a flat plate solar collector with novel heat collecting components through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling and simulation. It focuses on applying an optimization technique to a flat plate solar collector using an aluminium heat collecting component consisting of a flat plate absorber integrated with heat pipes made of aluminium. The CFD simulation investigates the effect of water mass flow rate on the collector's collection efficiency. The results show that maximum efficiency is observed at an optimized flow rate of 0.15 kg/s. Temperature profiles from the simulation are presented and compared to experimental results, showing good agreement between the simulated and experimental variation of efficiency with water mass flow rate.
Exergy analysis of inlet water temperature of condenserIJERA Editor
The most of the power plant designed by energetic performance criteria based on first law of thermodynamics. According to First law of thermodynamics energy analysis cannot be justified the losses of energy.The method of exergy analysis is well suited to describe true magnitude of waste and loss to be determined. Such information can be used in the design of new energy efficient system and increasing the efficiency of existing systems.In the present study exergy analysis of the shell and tube condenser is carried out. As the condenser is one of the major components of the power plant, so it is necessary to operate the condenser efficiently under the various operating condition to increase the overall efficiency of the power plant. In the present study inlet temperature of the condenser is optimized using the exergy method. The main aim of paper is to be find out causes of energy destruction that can be helpful to redesign the system and to increase the efficiency
Design, Optimization, and Analysis of Electric vehicle Battery PackIRJET Journal
This document describes research into improving the thermal management of lithium-ion battery packs for electric vehicles. Liquid cooling is identified as an effective method for maintaining optimal battery temperatures between 15-40 degrees Celsius. A battery pack design is proposed using aluminum tubes coated with paraffin wax for phase change material cooling. Computer simulations using ANSYS Fluent show that a water-based liquid cooling system with this paraffin wax coating most effectively reduces battery temperatures compared to air, glycol, or liquid-only cooling systems. The research demonstrates the importance of thermal management for extending battery life in electric vehicles.
Increasing Inductor Lifetime by Predicting Coil Copper Temperatures PaperFluxtrol Inc.
In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the customer demands for improved induction coil lifetime. This has led to several publications in recent years by induction tooling manufacturers [1-4]. The main conclusion in these papers is that besides mechanical crashes the cause of most induction coil failures is localized overheating of the coil copper due to insufficient cooling.
What is lacking from these publications is any way to determine what is sufficient cooling. In this paper, a scientific method for determining local copper temperatures will be presented. This will include evaluations of heat transfer coefficients for different sections of a multi-component inductor, dependence of heat transfer coefficient on water pressure and water passage cross-section, non-uniform power density distributions in various 2-D cross-sections and the resulting temperature distribution in the copper winding. The effects of duty cycle on optimal design will also be considered.
Design and Performance Analysis of Solar Powered Absorption Cooling System fo...IRJET Journal
- The document discusses the design and performance analysis of a solar powered absorption cooling system for a computer lab located in Bharatpur, India.
- The peak cooling load of the computer lab is calculated to be 34.94 kW, so a 10TR vapor absorption cooling system is adopted.
- Simulations are carried out using the TRANSOL program to analyze the performance of the solar cooling system using different solar collector types and areas. Parameters like solar fraction, primary energy savings, and electrical COP are evaluated.
- It is concluded that the solar thermal cooling system can achieve good solar fractions between 0.52-0.75 and primary energy savings up to 52% for the considered location and collector areas.
IRJET - Analysis of Solar Flat Plate Collector using Heat Transfer Enhancer A...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the performance of a solar flat plate collector with an absorber tube containing a heat transfer enhancer. Two types of heat transfer enhancers are tested - rectangular and square designs. The rectangular enhancer provides higher efficiency than the square design by increasing the convective heat transfer coefficient with minimal increase in pumping power. A theoretical model is developed and validated against experimental results from other studies. Analysis shows that the rectangular enhancer generates less entropy and exergy destruction than the square enhancer or plain tube. It also provides higher thermal efficiency, as it increases the surface area in contact with the absorbing fluid flow.
IRJET- Model Development and Performance Enhancement of Solar Pavement Energy...IRJET Journal
This document describes the development and testing of a solar pavement energy collector. The collector consists of tubes embedded in asphalt pavement that circulate a fluid to transfer solar heat from the pavement surface. Experiments were conducted using wooden frames with copper tubing set in asphalt and insulating materials below. Temperature data at varying flow rates showed increased heat transfer at lower flow rates. The maximum temperature difference between asphalt and non-asphalt surfaces was 7.1°C, indicating the asphalt enhances heat collection. Such systems could utilize solar energy gains to heat buildings while also reducing pavement temperatures and extending road lifespan.
IRJET- Ameliorate the Performance of PV Module by Inventing Heat Dissipat...IRJET Journal
This document describes a study that aimed to develop a passive heat dissipation system to improve the performance of photovoltaic (PV) modules. PV module efficiency decreases with higher temperatures, as heat absorbed from solar irradiation is not easily dissipated. The researchers designed a system using aluminum heat sinks attached to the back of a PV module with thermal grease. Testing showed that with the heat dissipation system in place, the module's average power output increased by 2.96% over two days of testing compared to without the system, demonstrating that it successfully reduced the module temperature and improved efficiency as intended.
IRJET- Thermal Performance Evaluation of Evacuated Solar Water Heater wit...IRJET Journal
This document evaluates the thermal performance of an evacuated solar water heater with and without twisted tapes inserted inside the glass tubes. Key findings include:
- Temperature gain was higher at low and medium flow rates compared to high flow rates for both setups.
- The setup with twisted tapes inserted showed slightly higher temperature gains, around 1°C on average, compared to the setup without tapes, due to increased turbulence creating higher heat transfer.
- While improvements were small due to the small experimental setup, the results suggest twisted tapes can enhance thermal performance by inducing swirling flow and turbulence inside the glass tubes of an evacuated solar water heater.
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
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This document summarizes a study that used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software to analyze the thermal performance of flat plate solar water collectors with internal fins on riser pipes compared to collectors without fins. The CFD model simulated collectors from 10am to 3:30pm over half hour intervals at flow rates of 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6 kg/min. Results showed collectors with fins had higher heat transfer and 10-15% greater efficiency than plain tubes, with maximum efficiency at 0.4 kg/min flow rate. Experimental data validated the CFD results, showing temperature increases of 6-9°C for experiments and 7-11°C for CFD with fins, along with 9-
This document describes the design of an adaptive travel cup that can heat or cool beverages. The travel cup uses a graphite heating coil, polyurethane insulation, and a thermistor temperature sensor to heat water to 80 degrees Celsius within 4 minutes when powered by a car charger. It can maintain the water at 52 degrees Celsius for an extended period. Simulations were conducted in MATLAB to optimize the design parameters. The travel cup provides a portable way to access hot or cold drinks during travel while reducing plastic waste from water bottles.
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This document discusses using nanofluids to improve the efficiency of solar collectors. It summarizes the design and fabrication of a flat plate solar collector that uses different shaped copper tubes (circular, triangular, square) as absorber tubes. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was performed and results were validated through experimentation on a fabricated solar collector setup. The goal was to increase collector efficiency by changing the absorber tube geometry to increase surface area for heat transfer.
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This document analyzes the performance of a solar flat plate collector with an absorber tube containing a heat transfer enhancer. Two types of heat transfer enhancers are tested - rectangular and square designs. The rectangular enhancer provides higher efficiency than the square design by increasing the convective heat transfer coefficient with minimal increase in pumping power. A theoretical model is developed and validated against experimental results from other studies. Analysis shows that the rectangular enhancer generates less entropy and exergy destruction than the square enhancer or plain tube. It also provides higher thermal efficiency, as it increases the surface area in contact with the absorbing fluid flow.
IRJET- Model Development and Performance Enhancement of Solar Pavement Energy...IRJET Journal
This document describes the development and testing of a solar pavement energy collector. The collector consists of tubes embedded in asphalt pavement that circulate a fluid to transfer solar heat from the pavement surface. Experiments were conducted using wooden frames with copper tubing set in asphalt and insulating materials below. Temperature data at varying flow rates showed increased heat transfer at lower flow rates. The maximum temperature difference between asphalt and non-asphalt surfaces was 7.1°C, indicating the asphalt enhances heat collection. Such systems could utilize solar energy gains to heat buildings while also reducing pavement temperatures and extending road lifespan.
IRJET- Ameliorate the Performance of PV Module by Inventing Heat Dissipat...IRJET Journal
This document describes a study that aimed to develop a passive heat dissipation system to improve the performance of photovoltaic (PV) modules. PV module efficiency decreases with higher temperatures, as heat absorbed from solar irradiation is not easily dissipated. The researchers designed a system using aluminum heat sinks attached to the back of a PV module with thermal grease. Testing showed that with the heat dissipation system in place, the module's average power output increased by 2.96% over two days of testing compared to without the system, demonstrating that it successfully reduced the module temperature and improved efficiency as intended.
IRJET- Thermal Performance Evaluation of Evacuated Solar Water Heater wit...IRJET Journal
This document evaluates the thermal performance of an evacuated solar water heater with and without twisted tapes inserted inside the glass tubes. Key findings include:
- Temperature gain was higher at low and medium flow rates compared to high flow rates for both setups.
- The setup with twisted tapes inserted showed slightly higher temperature gains, around 1°C on average, compared to the setup without tapes, due to increased turbulence creating higher heat transfer.
- While improvements were small due to the small experimental setup, the results suggest twisted tapes can enhance thermal performance by inducing swirling flow and turbulence inside the glass tubes of an evacuated solar water heater.
Similar to Case Study of Solar Flat Plat Collector (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMHODECEDSIET
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.