Guide incendie en construction rénovation - FCBABuild Green
Lors des Journées professionnelles de la construction de Nantes, en juin dernier, l'Union nationale artisanale Charpente-menuiserie-agencement (UNA CMA) présentait un guide dédié à la sécurité incendie. L'ouvrage, financé par le Comité de développement des industries françaises de l'ameublement et du bois (Codifab) rassemble, pour les petites entreprises, les préconisations de la réglementation incendie.
« Last Minute Risk Assesment » : oui, agir en dernière minute peut avoir du bon !
Lors de la réunion du Club Prévention au Travail de février dernier, Alain Lagarmitte, Directeur SIPPT et QSE Manager de Jindal Films Europe, a présenté aux membres du Club le LMRA, dernier rempart pour éviter les risques avant d’entamer un travail en entreprise. Issue au départ de l’industrie pétrochimique, cette technique a été généralisée à d’autres secteurs au vu de son utilité. Pour tout savoir à ce sujet, parcourez la présentation ci-jointe
Guide incendie en construction rénovation - FCBABuild Green
Lors des Journées professionnelles de la construction de Nantes, en juin dernier, l'Union nationale artisanale Charpente-menuiserie-agencement (UNA CMA) présentait un guide dédié à la sécurité incendie. L'ouvrage, financé par le Comité de développement des industries françaises de l'ameublement et du bois (Codifab) rassemble, pour les petites entreprises, les préconisations de la réglementation incendie.
« Last Minute Risk Assesment » : oui, agir en dernière minute peut avoir du bon !
Lors de la réunion du Club Prévention au Travail de février dernier, Alain Lagarmitte, Directeur SIPPT et QSE Manager de Jindal Films Europe, a présenté aux membres du Club le LMRA, dernier rempart pour éviter les risques avant d’entamer un travail en entreprise. Issue au départ de l’industrie pétrochimique, cette technique a été généralisée à d’autres secteurs au vu de son utilité. Pour tout savoir à ce sujet, parcourez la présentation ci-jointe
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
An Approach to Detecting Writing Styles Based on Clustering Techniquesambekarshweta25
An Approach to Detecting Writing Styles Based on Clustering Techniques
Authors:
-Devkinandan Jagtap
-Shweta Ambekar
-Harshit Singh
-Nakul Sharma (Assistant Professor)
Institution:
VIIT Pune, India
Abstract:
This paper proposes a system to differentiate between human-generated and AI-generated texts using stylometric analysis. The system analyzes text files and classifies writing styles by employing various clustering algorithms, such as k-means, k-means++, hierarchical, and DBSCAN. The effectiveness of these algorithms is measured using silhouette scores. The system successfully identifies distinct writing styles within documents, demonstrating its potential for plagiarism detection.
Introduction:
Stylometry, the study of linguistic and structural features in texts, is used for tasks like plagiarism detection, genre separation, and author verification. This paper leverages stylometric analysis to identify different writing styles and improve plagiarism detection methods.
Methodology:
The system includes data collection, preprocessing, feature extraction, dimensional reduction, machine learning models for clustering, and performance comparison using silhouette scores. Feature extraction focuses on lexical features, vocabulary richness, and readability scores. The study uses a small dataset of texts from various authors and employs algorithms like k-means, k-means++, hierarchical clustering, and DBSCAN for clustering.
Results:
Experiments show that the system effectively identifies writing styles, with silhouette scores indicating reasonable to strong clustering when k=2. As the number of clusters increases, the silhouette scores decrease, indicating a drop in accuracy. K-means and k-means++ perform similarly, while hierarchical clustering is less optimized.
Conclusion and Future Work:
The system works well for distinguishing writing styles with two clusters but becomes less accurate as the number of clusters increases. Future research could focus on adding more parameters and optimizing the methodology to improve accuracy with higher cluster values. This system can enhance existing plagiarism detection tools, especially in academic settings.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
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Water billing management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project entitled “Water Billing Management System” aims is to generate Water bill with all the charges and penalty. Manual system that is employed is extremely laborious and quite inadequate. It only makes the process more difficult and hard.
The aim of our project is to develop a system that is meant to partially computerize the work performed in the Water Board like generating monthly Water bill, record of consuming unit of water, store record of the customer and previous unpaid record.
We used HTML/PHP as front end and MYSQL as back end for developing our project. HTML is primarily a visual design environment. We can create a android application by designing the form and that make up the user interface. Adding android application code to the form and the objects such as buttons and text boxes on them and adding any required support code in additional modular.
MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software. It is a stable ,reliable and the powerful solution with the advanced features and advantages which are as follows: Data Security.MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software.
2. Technology and Livelihood Education – Grade 7
Alternative Delivery Mode
Module 1: Prepare Electrical Materials and Tools for the Task
First Edition, 2020
Republic Act 8293, Section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the
government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for
exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things,
impose as a condition the payment of royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand
names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective
copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to
use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and
authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.
Published by the Department of Education
Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Development Team of the Module
Author/s: Kit Jaison C. Beniga
Arnel C. Tago
Emie S. Bacaling
Illustrator: Arnel C. Tago
Reviewers: Nilo G. Tubio, Rexter V. Egos, Clariel L. Barcelita
Management Team
Chairperson: Dr. Arturo B. Bayocot, CESO III
Regional Director
Co-Chairpersons: Dr. Victor G. De Gracia Jr. CESO V
Asst. Regional Director
Edwin R. Maribojoc, EdD, CESO VI
Schools Division Superintendent
Myra P. Mebato,PhD, CESE
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Mala Epra B. Magnaong, Chief ES, CLMD
Members Neil A. Improgo, EPS-LRMS
Bienvenido U. Tagolimot, Jr., EPS-ADM
Samuel C. Silacan, EdD, CID Chief
Joseph T. Boniao, EPS – EPP/TLE
Rone Ray M. Portacion, EdD, EPS – LRMS
Edwin V. Palma, PSDS
Ray G. Salcedo, Principal II/District In-charge
Avilla G. Taclob, Principal I/District In-charge
Agnes P. Gonzales, PDO II
Vilma M. Inso, Librarian II
Printed in the Philippines by
Department of Education – Region 10
Office Address: Zone 1, DepEd Building, Masterson Avenue, Upper Balulang,
Cagayan De Oro City
Contact Number: (088) 880 7072
E-mail Address: region10@deped.gov.ph
3. Technology and
Livelihood Education
Module 1
(Prepare Electrical Materials and Tools
for the Task)
Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines
This instructional material was collaboratively developed and
reviewed by educators from public schools. We encourage teachers and
other education stakeholders to email their feedback, comments, and
recommendations to the Department of Education – Region 10 at
region10@ deped.gov.ph.
We value your feedback and recommendations.
4. Introductory Message
For the learner:
Welcome to the Electrical Installation and Maintenance Alternative Delivery
Mode (ADM) Module on Prepare Electrical Materials and Tools for the
Task.
Education aims to develop learners to become fully functional and literate
individuals.
This Module is an exploratory and introductory course which leads you to
Electrical Installation and Maintenance National Certificate Level II (NC II).
It covers common competencies that a Grade 7 Technology and Livelihood
Education (TLE)/ Technical Vocational Education (TVE) student like you could
identify and familiarize Electrical Materials and Tools.
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time.
You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while
being an active learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:
What I Need to
Know
This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn
in the module.
What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to
check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip
this module.
What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you
link the current lesson with the previous
one.
What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be
introduced to you in various ways such
as a story, a song, a poem, a problem
opener, an activity or a situation.
5. What is It This section provides a brief discussion
of the lesson. This aims to help you
discover and understand new concepts
and skills.
What’s More This comprises activities for independent
practice to solidify your understanding
and skills of the topic. You may check
the answers to the exercises using the
Answer Key at the end of the module.
What I Have
Learned
This includes questions or blank
sentence/paragraph to be filled in to
process what you learned from the
lesson.
What I Can Do This section provides an activity which
will help you transfer your new
knowledge or skill into real life situations
or concerns.
Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate
your level of mastery in achieving the
learning competency.
Additional
Activities
In this portion, another activity will be
given to you to enrich your knowledge or
skill of the lesson learned. This also
tends retention of learned concepts.
Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in
the module.
At the end of this module you will also find:
The following are some reminders in using this module:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part
of the module. Use your Electrical Installation and Maintenance (EIM)
activity notebook.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other
activities included in the module.
References This is a list of all sources used in
developing this module.
6. 3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks in checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher once you are done.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do
not hesitate to consult your parent/guardian/teacher. Always bear in mind that
you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful
learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can
do it!
9. 1
This module was prepared to help you achieve the required
competency and the source of information for you to acquire knowledge and
skills in preparing electrical materials and tools for the task with minimum
supervision or help from your parent/guardian/teacher. With the aid of this
material, you will acquire the competency independently at your own pace.
This module consists of one (1) Learning Outcome (LO’s) that contains
learning activities for both knowledge and skills supported with information
sheets. Work through all the information and complete the activities in each
section. Read all information sheets and complete all the activities given,
suggested references are included to supplement the materials provided in
this module.
Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this module, you will be able to:
1. Prepare electrical materials and tools for the task;
2. Identify common electrical tools and equipment; and
3. Identify common electrical materials.
10. 2
Directions: Read the statement carefully and identify what is being described
or defined.
Choose your answer from the box below and be able to write it in your EIM
activity notebook.
Combination Plier Electrician’s Knife Utility Box
Long Nose Plier Portable Electric Drill Philips Screw Driver
Circuit Breaker Connectors Wire Stripper
Hammer Male Plug Junction Box
Stubby Screwdriver Conduits Wire Fuse
______________1. It is used for gripping, holding, and cutting electrical wires,
cables and even small nails. It is usually used by linemen in doing heavy
tasks.
______________2. A type of plier used for cutting and holding fine wires. It
can reach tight spaces or small openings unlike other pliers and is also used
in making terminal loops of copper wires.
______________3. This has a cross tip resembling a positive (+) sign. It is
used to drive screws with cross slot heads.
______________4. A tool used in driving or pounding and pulling out nails.
______________5. This type of tool is used for removing the insulation of
wires ranging from gauge #10 to gauge #16.
______________6. A small drilling machine with a chuck capacity of ¼” to
3/8”. It is used for making holes on metal sheets and concrete walls.
______________7. This comes in either Standard or Philips screwdriver with
short shank or blade and shorted handle used to turn screws in tight spaces
where standard screwdriver cannot be used.
______________8. It is used by linemen to remove insulation of wire and
cables in low and high voltage transmission and distribution lines.
11. 3
______________9. This is a device inserted to a convenience outlet to draw
electric current. A flat cord is attached to it on one end and the other end is
connected to a current-consuming instrument or appliance.
______________10. A circuit protective device that automatically blows and
cuts the current when an overload or short circuit happens.
______________11. A rectangular-shaped made of metallic or plastic (PVC)
material in which flush-type convenience outlet and switch are attached.
______________12. An electrical materials used as the passage of wires for
protection and added insulation.
______________13. These are used to attach metallic or non-metallic conduit
to the junction or utility boxes.
______________14. It is a protective device used to automatically cut off the
current when trouble in the circuit such as short circuit or circuit overload
occurs.
______________15. An octagonal-shaped electrical material where the
connections or joints of wires are being done. It is also where the flush-type
lamp holder is attached.
Now check your answers using the Answer Key.
12. 4
Lesson 1 Prepare Electrical Materials and Tools
Electrical tools can make our work easier, faster and efficient. However,
these tools when improperly used can cause injuries. To avoid it, one should
be mindful and cautious when working with electrical tools. Appropriate
personal protective equipment should be used while doing the task or job.
Before you perform a specific job, you must first identify the appropriate
electrical tools and materials that you are going to use to make your job
complete and easier to perform. But before you can decide which type of tools
and materials that you are going to pick, we have to make it sure that you
have already known them and how to use them according to their purpose.
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:
LO 1. Prepare a list of electrical tools and materials and tools for a specific job.
13. 5
Let us do an activity first before we proceed to the lesson proper. As
you can see, on the left side portion of each question are jumbled letters.
Directions: Arrange the jumbled letters properly to come up with the specific
term in each statement. Write your answers in your EIM activity notebook.
YTSAFE 1. It is the number one priority while working on a
specific job.
SLOOT 2. These are necessary to make your work easier
and faster.
TERFAS 3. This will make your work ______ when using appropriate
tools.
AVSE EMTI 4. It can be achieved when working with proper tools.
SLIAMATER 5. The things you need to complete the task.
Now check your answers using the Answer Key. What is your score?
14. 6
In this lesson, you will be exploring the basic electrical hand tools used
in electrical installation and maintenance. In this competency, the tools will be
exposed to you through their images with its corresponding definition and
usage. It is very important that you familiarize the different electrical hand
tools and its corresponding functions. In practical, only those appropriate tools
are needed to be with you in the workplace to prevent those unnecessary
ones from being misplaced. Another is that you are lessening your burden in
carrying heavy tool box going to your workplace. In using the appropriate
electrical tools, you can save time, effort and also resources. Fact shows that
most of the work can be achieved effectively using these handy helpers. This
lesson will discuss the functions or uses of each tool or equipment used in
electrical wiring installations.
15. 7
LEARNING OUTCOME 1
Prepare Electrical Materials and Tools for the Task
Objective: At the end of this topic the student should be able to:
Prepare a list of electrical tools and materials for a specific job.
COMMON ELECTRICAL TOOLS
Name of Electrical
Tool
Function and Usage Picture
1.
SCREWDRIVERS
These tools are made of steel
hardened and tempered at the
tip used to loosen or tighten
screws with slotted heads.
They come in various sizes
and shapes.
1.1. Types of
Screwdrivers
A. Standard/Flat
Screwdriver
The blade tip is wedge-shaped
and resembles a negative (-)
sign. This is used to drive
screws with a single slot head.
B. Philips
Screwdriver
This has a cross tip resembling
a positive (+) sign. This is used
to drive screws with cross slot
heads.
16. 8
C. Stubby
Screwdriver
This comes in either Standard
or Philips screwdriver with
short
shank or blade and a shorted
handle used to turn screws in
tight spaces where a standard
screwdriver cannot be used.
D. Allen
Screwdriver/Wrench
This could be in the shape of a
screwdriver or a wrench. Its
function is to drive screws with
hexagonal slot heads.
2. HAMMERS
These are tools used in driving
or pounding and pulling out
nails. They are made of hard
steel, wood, plastic, or rubber.
2.1 Types of
Hammers
A. Claw Hammer
Is a hammer with one side of
the head split and curved,
used for extracting nails.
B. Mallet (Rubber
head)
Has rubber head and is usually
used to knock wooden pieces
together, or to drive dowels or
chisels.
C. Ball-peen
Hammer
It is also known as machinist’s
hammer used in metalworking.
17. 9
3. PLIERS
These tools are made
from metal with insulators in
the handle and are used for
cutting, twisting, bending,
holding, and gripping wires and
cables.
A. Combination
Pliers (Lineman’s
Pliers).
This is used for gripping,
holding, and cutting
electrical wires and cables and
even small nails. They are
usually used by linemen in
doing heavy tasks.
B. Side Cutting
Pliers
This type of pliers is used for
cutting fine, medium, and big
wires and cables.
C. Long Nose Pliers This is used for cutting and
holding fine wires. This can
reach tight spaces or small
openings where other pliers
cannot reach and is also used
in making terminal loops of
copper wires.
4. WIRE STRIPPER
This is a tool used for
removing insulation of
medium-sized wires ranging
from gauge #10 to gauge #16.
5. Electrician’s
Knife
This is used by linemen to
remove insulation of wire and
cables in low and high voltage
transmission lines.
18. 10
6. Portable Electric
drill
A small drilling machine with a
chuck capacity of ¼” to ½”. It is
used in making holes on metal
sheets and concrete walls.
7. Hacksaw This tool is used to cut metal
conduit and armored cable.
COMMON ELECTRICAL MATERIALS
Electrical materials are developed and constructed for a special purpose,
such as to:
1. control the flow of current in an electrical circuit;
2. carry electrical current from the source to the load or current consuming
apparatus;
3. hold and secure wires to its fixtures inside and outside houses and
buildings; and
4. protect houses, buildings, appliances, and instruments from destruction and
damage.
The following are the most commonly used electrical materials.
Materials Description Picture
Convenience outlet
Is a device that acts as a convenient
source of electrical energy for current
consuming appliances. It is where the
male plug of an appliance is inserted
and is usually fastened on the wall or
connected in an extension cord. It may
be single, duplex, triplex, or multiplex
and could be surface type or flush type.
19. 11
Common Types of
Convenience Outlet
a. Surface type This type of outlet is typically mounted
on the surface portion of the wall.
Three Gang Surface Type
b. Flush type
This type of outlet is typically buried in
concrete and is attach to the utility box
Male plug
Is a device inserted to a convenience
outlet to allow the flow of electric current.
This is use in making extension wires.
Lamp holders
These are devices that hold the lamp
and are also called Lamp Sockets or
Ceiling Receptacles. These come in
many designs and sizes. They are
classified as flush, hanging (weather
proof/chain), and surface types.
Switch
Is a device that connects and
disconnects the flow of electric current in
a circuit. There are many shapes,
designs, and types and they are
classified as hanging, flush, and surface
types.
Fuse
Is a circuit protective device that
automatically blows and cuts the current
when overload or short circuit happens.
20. 12
Circuit Breaker
Is a protective device that automatically
trips and cut the current when trouble in
the circuit such as short circuit or
overload occurs. It comes in 2 poles, 3
poles and 4 poles.
Junction Box
Is an octagonal shaped electrical
material where connections, joints or
termination of wires are being done. It is
also where the flush type lamp holder is
attached. This could be made of metal or
plastic (PVC) Polyvinylchloride.
Utility Box
.
Is a rectangular shaped metallic or
plastic (PVC) material in which flush type
convenience outlet and switch are
attached.
Flat Cord
Is a duplex stranded wire used for
temporary wiring installation and
commonly used in extension cord
assembly. It comes in a roll of 150
meters and sizes of gauge # 18, gauge #
16 AWG and gauge # 14 AWG
(American wire gauge).
Electrical
Wire/Conductor
Is the means in which electrical current
will flow. It is usually made of copper or
aluminum with or without outside
21. 13
Electrical wire or
conductor could be:
insulation.
a. Stranded wire Is made of multiple strands of copper or
aluminum joined together to make a
single wire.
b. Solid wire
Is made of a single strand of copper or
aluminum wire. These are used in wiring
installation inside and outside the
buildings.
Conduits/Pipes
Are tubes that are used not only to
protect wires but also to route electrical
wiring throughout a building.
Common Types of
Conduits/Pipes
a. Rigid Steel Conduit
(RSC)
Is a thick-walled threaded tubing, usually
made of hot-dipped galvanized inside
and outside and is threaded at both
ends.
b. Flexible Non-
metallic conduit or
corrugated plastic
conduit (CPC)
Is flexible corrugated plastic tubing that
is moisture-resistant and flame-
retardant. It is easy to bend and installs
with snap-lock or glued plastic fittings.
c. Rigid Non-metallic
conduit (PVC)
Is similar to plastic plumbing pipe and
installs with fittings. It can be bent after
being heated using portable heat gun.
22. 14
d. Electrical Metallic
Tubing (EMT)
Are made of electro-galvanized metal. It
is typically thin and lightweight. EMT is
rigid but can be bent with a simple tool
called a conduit bender.
e. Flexible Metal
Conduit (FMC)
Has a spiral construction that makes it
flexible so it can snake through walls and
other structures.
f. Liquid tight Flexible
Metal Conduit (LFMC)
Is a special type of flexible metal conduit
that has a plastic coating and is used
with sealed fittings to make it water tight.
Clamps
Electrical materials are used to hold
and anchor electrical conduits to its
proper position.
Connectors
Are used to attach metallic or non-
metallic conduit to the junction or utility
boxes.
COMMON WIRE SPLICES AND JOINTS
Introduction:
As a student in Electrical Installation and Maintenance, you should acquire the
important knowledge and skills in wire splices and joints and be familiar with the actual
application of every splice and joint. This will serve as your tool in performing actual
wiring installation.
23. 15
The following are common electrical wire splices and joints.
Rat Tail or Pig Tail. This kind of joint is
commonly used to join two or more
conductors inside the junction box. It is
suitable for service where there is no
mechanical stress when wires are to be
connected in an outlet box, switch, or
conduit fitting.
Y-splice. This method of wrapping is
generally used on small cables because
the strands are flexible and can all be
wrapped in one operation.
Knotted tap. This is used where the tap
wire is under heavy tensile stress.
Plain tap joint. This is used where the
tap wire is under considerable tensile
stress circuit.
Aerial tap. This is used as a temporary
tap usually done in constructions sites.
The
easy twist will facilitate tap wire movement
24. 16
Duplex cross joint. This is a two-tap wire
turned simultaneously and is used where
the two tap wire is under heavy tensile
stress.
Western Union Short-tie Splice. This is
the most widely used splice or joint in
interior wiring installation to extend the
length of wire from one point to another
Western Union Long Tie. This is used
extensively for outside wiring to extend
the length of wire from one end to
another.
Cross joint. The same application is done
as in plain tap but the only difference is
that this tap is a combination of two plain
taps placed side by side with each other.
Wrapped Tap or Tee Joint. This is
used on large solid conductors where it
is difficult to wrap the heavy tap wire
around the main wire.
25. 17
EXTENSION CORD/WIRE
An extension cord is an extension of which power is drawn. It has a
male plug on one end and a surface type convenience outlet on the other end.
One of the most important considerations is the power handling capacity to
make it safe and functional. The best remedy to address the insufficiency of
available outlets is to use an extension cord or wire. We should be very
careful in inserting electrical tools or equipment in the extension cord because
the rated current of the inserted equipment or tools should not to exceed the
allowable ampacity of the flat cord.
Below is an image of an extension cord
26. 18
Directions: Identify the following electrical tools and materials. Write your
answer in your EIM activity notebook.
1. ________________
2. ________________
3. ________________
4. ________________
5. ________________
6. ________________
28. 20
Directions: Below is a picture of an extension cord. Prepare a list of the
following items in order to create the extension cord:
a. appropriate electrical materials; and
1.
2.
3.
b. appropriate electrical tools
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Write your answer in your EIM activity notebook.
Now check your answers using the Answer Key. What is your score?
29. 21
Directions: Identify the specific name of each of the following electrical wire
splices and joints. Write your answer in your EIM activity notebook.
1. ____________
2. ____________
3. ____________
4. __________
5. ___________
Now check your answers using the Answer Key. What is your score?
30. 22
Directions: Read the statement carefully and choose one that best illustrates
an electrical tool or material. Write the letter of your answer in your EIM
activity notebook.
1. The blade tip is wedge-shaped and resembles a negative (-) sign. This
is used to drive screws with a single slot head.
A. Flat Screw driver C. Allen Screw Driver
B. Phillips Screw Driver D. Stubby Screw Driver
2. It is only used to cut wires and cables.
A. Long Nose Plier C. Combination Plier
B. Side cutting plier D. Wire Stripper
3. What tool that you are going to use to tighten or loosen screw?
A. hammer C. electric drill
B. pliers D. screw drivers
4. It is used by linemen to remove insulation of wire and cables in low and
high voltage transmission lines.
A. Hammer C. electrician’s knife
B. electric drill D. hacksaw
5. This tool is used to cut metal conduit and armored cable.
A. Hacksaw C. vise grip
B. screwdriver D. gear puller
6. A device that act as a convenient source of electrical energy for current
consuming appliance.
A. Male plug C. Junction box
B. Switch D. Convenience outlet
7. It is also called as Lamp Sockets/Receptacles.
A. Lamp Holders C. Utility Box
B. Male Plug D. Switch
31. 23
8. It is a device that connects and disconnects the flow of electric current.
A. Junction Box C. Switch
B. Utility Box D. Male Plug
9. It is a circuit protective device that automatically blows and cut the
current when overload or short circuit happens.
A. Circuit Breaker C. Lamp Holder
B. Fuse D. Junction Box
10.It is made of multiple strands joined together to make a single wire.
A. Solid Wire C. Flat Cord
B. Speaker Wire D. Stranded Wire
Now check your answers using the Answer Key. What is your score?
32. 24
Modified TRUE or FALSE: Write True if the statement is correct, and if False,
change the underline word/s to make the sentence correct. Write your answer in
your EIM activity notebook.
_______1. Male plug is a device inserted to a convenience outlet to conduct electric
current
_______2. Circuit Breaker is a circuit protective device that automatically blows and
cut the current when an over load or short circuit occurs.
_______3. Switch is a device that hold and protect the lamp.
_______4. Solid wire is made of multiple strands joined together to make a single
wire.
_______5. Connectors are used to hold and anchor electrical conduits in its proper
position.
_______6. PVC is a flexible non-metallic conduit.
_______7. Switch is a devise that controls the flow of current in the circuit.
_______8. The primary purpose of the fuse is to cut off the flow of current when
overloading occurs in the system.
_______9. Junction Box is used to carry electrical current from the source to the
load.
_______10. Conduit pipes are used to secure the wires and protect it from physical
damage.
Now check your answers using the Answer Key. What is your score?
34. 26
Hector M. Vallarta; Electrical Technology Coordinator; San Pedro Relocation
Center National High School; San Pedro, Laguna and Roman A. Cabusora Jr.
Master Teacher I; San Francisco High School; Bago Bantay, Quezon City: K
to 12 Basic Education Curriculum Technology and Livelihood Education
Learning Module; ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE
EXPLORATORY COURSE Grades 7 and Grade 8, p. 8 - 20
Department of Education; Most Essential Learning Competencies; p. 383 –
384
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