By 吉隆坡循人中学圣约翰救伤队

1. LESSON 2
THE HUMAN BODY

2. SKELETON:206 BONES
 THE PURPOSE OF THE SKELETON
• Give shapes and firmness 坚固
• Provides levers for muscle to work
• Protect the important organs
• Produce blood
• Storage mineral and others.

3. The major bones of the body
 The skull
• 28bones: 8 the cranium（头盖骨），14 the face ,
6 the ear ossicles 听小骨
• protect brain
 The vertebral column
• Known as spine , made up 33 vertebrae
• 5 regions : cervical ,thoracic , lumbar, sacrum and coccyx.
 The ribs and breastbone
• 12 pairs
• 7 pairs are attached to breastbone. Last 2 pairs are front floating-
ribs.

4.  The appendages
• Upper extremities: 64 bones
• Lower extremities: 62 bones

6. The structure and function of joints
 IMMOVABLE:
• Allowing no movement
• Exp: skull, pelvis
 MOVABLE:
• The ball and socket joints: shoulder, hip joints
• Hinged joints: elbow joints
• Slightly movable joints : foot ,spine

7. 韧带
软骨
关节液
关节
膜

8. The function of Muscles
• Enable movement
• Provides posture 姿势
• Heat production
How muscles work
 Voluntary muscles: （例如：眼皮）
• under control
• Movement is co-ordinate through the motor nerves
 Involuntary muscles : （例如：心脏）
• Vital重要 organs, cant be controlled by the time
• Work all the time, even when we sleep
Biceps muscle 二头肌
Triceps muscle 肱三头肌