由2017年循人中学圣约翰救伤队课务股准备。

1. Lesson 9
Injuries to Bone /soft tissues
骨折和关节受损

2. Injuries to the bone
oFracture
The break and crack in the bone
oGreen stick fracture
The bone there are still growing
are bend or crack

3. Causes
of
fracture
 Direct force
A bone may break at a point where a heavy
blow is received.
 Indirect force
A force may travel from the point of the
impact through the body to break bones
elsewhere.

4. Types
of
fracture
 Closed fracture (simple fracture)
No wound leading to the fracture
 Open fracture (compound fracture)
The fracture is accompanied by a
wound

5. Recognition
Symptoms and signs
 difficult in moving a limb normally
 pain
 Tenderness（压痛） over a bone
 Distortion畸形, swelling肿胀 and
bruising淤青
 Sign of shock (thigh bone, ribcage,
pelvis)

6. What to do
with fracture?
Closed fracture
 Prevent movement
 maintain support during transporting the
casualty to the hospital
Open fracture
 Prevent blood loss, movement
 maintain support during transporting the
casualty to the hospital

7. Dislocation
 Cause by strong force wrenching（扭） the
bone into an abnormal position or by violent
muscle contraction.
 Often dislocated at shoulder, thumb, finger,
jaw

8. Recognition
History
• blow or fall
• snapping sound of a broken bone or
torn ligament
• muscle tear

9. Soft
tissues
injuries
Sprain
 injury to a ligament韧带 at , or near a joint
Strain
 a partial 不完全tearing of the muscle

10. Sign and
Symptoms
 Redness 红肿
 Bruising 淤青
 Swelling 肿胀

11. Management
R ~ rest
I ~ apply ice
C ~ compress
E ~ elevate the injured part

12.  Collar bone fracture
 Shoulder fracture
 Upper arm fracture(can be flexed)
 Upper arm fracture (cant be flexed)

13.  Open ribcage fracture
 Pelvis fracture

14. Thigh bone fracture
Shin bone fracture