This document discusses brain-computer interfaces (BCI), which allow direct communication between the brain and external devices. It describes different types of BCI, from invasive to implanted in the brain to non-invasive using scalp electrodes. BCI works by reading electric signals in the brain produced during thinking and movement. Current applications include helping disabled people control devices, but BCI may one day be integrated into consumer electronics through thought recognition software.

1. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
 ANANTHA RUBAN.M
 GMAIL : rubankrishm@gmail.com
 FACEBOOK: rubu.krish@facebook.com
 VINGNESHWARAN.T
 GMAIL : vickysakthi27@gmail.com

2. BRAIN-COMPUTER INTERFACE

3. DEFINITION
A brain–computer interface (BCI), sometimes
called a direct neural interface or a brain–
machine interface, is a direct communication
pathway between a brain and an external
device.

4. TYPES
Invasive Brain Computer Interfaces
-implanted directly into the brain and has the highest
quality signals.
-provide functionality to paralyzed people.
Partially Invasive Brain Computer Interfaces
-implanted inside the skull but outside the brain.
Non Invasive Brain Computer Interfaces
-gives a patient the ability to move muscle implants
and restore partial movement.

5. ELECTRIC BRAIN
Our brains are filled with neurons.
Every time we think, move, feel or remember
something, our neurons are at work.
That work is carried out by small electric signals
that zip from neuron to neuron as fast as 250
mph.

6. ELECTRIC BRAIN

7. BCI INPUT AND OUTPUT
The easiest and least invasive method is a set of
electrodes -- a device known as an
electroencephalograph (EEG) -- attached to the scalp.
The electrodes can read brain signals.
The electrodes measure minute differences in the
voltage between neurons. The signal is then amplified
and filtered.
In current BCI systems, it is then interpreted by a
computer program

8. BCI INPUT AND OUTPUT

9. BCI APPLICATIONS
BCI is mainly
used for
severely
disabled people.

10. NEUROPROSTHETICS
Neuroprosthetics is an area of neuroscience concerned
with neural prostheses—using artificial devices to replace
the function of impaired nervous systems or sensory
organs.
The most widely used neuroprosthetic device is the
cochlear implant.
There are also several neuroprosthetic devices that aim
to restore vision, including retinal implants.

11. BCI VERSUS NEUROPROSTHETICS
Neuroprosthetics typically connect the nervous
system to a device.
BCIs usually connect the brain (or nervous
system) with a computer system.

12. APPLICATIONS OF BCI
Medicine
Military
Manufacturing
Gaming
Social Potential

13. PROMINENT RESEARCH SUCCESSES
Yang Dan and colleagues' recordings of cat vision
using a BCI implanted in the lateral geniculate nucleus
(top row: original image; bottom row: recording)

14. ANIMAL BCI RESEARCH

15. HUMAN BCI RESEARCH

16. WHEELCHAIR ARM CONTROLLED BY THOUGHT
ALONE

17. BCI IN
AVATAR

18. BCI IN AVATAR

19. CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS AND FUTURE
‘Braingate’ brain computer interface takes
shape
ATR and honda develops new brain computer
interface
Hitachi: commercial mind-machine interface by
2011
Hat allows computer control by thought
Dream machine

20. BCI ADVANTAGES
BCIs will help creating a Direct communication pathway
between a human or animal brain and any external
devices like computers.
BCI has increased the possibility of treatment of
disabilities related to nervous system along with the old
technique of Neuroprosthetics.
Techniques like EEG, MEG and neurochips have come
into discussions since the BCI application have started
developing.
This has provided a new work area for scientists and
researchers around the world.

21. BCI DRAWBACKS
The brain is incredibly complex.
The signal is weak and prone to interference.
The equipment is less than portable.

22. CONCLUSION
Newly purchased computers will one day
arrive with biological signal sensors and
thought-recognition software built in, just
as keyboard and mouse are commonly
found on today's units.