The document discusses mind reading technology that uses functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to measure oxygen levels in the blood around the brain. A futuristic headband sends light into the head tissues to detect active, blood-filled areas. Researchers at Tufts University have begun a project using this technique to allow computers to respond to a user's brain activity by having them wear headbands during tasks while the device reads their brain responses.

2.  Introduction
 What is mind reading?
 Why mind reading?
 How does it works?
 Advantages and uses
 Disadvantages and problem
 Conclusion

3.  People express their mental states, including
emotions, thoughts and desires, all the time through
facial expressions, vocal nuances and gestures
 Mind reading machine is co-ordination of human
psychology & computer techniques.
 Some equipment are used to gather data & then
analyzed. To use those data for further prediction is
known as theory of mind reading.

4.  The team in the Computer Laboratory at the University of
Cambridge has developed mind-reading machines —
computers that implement a computational model of mind-
reading to infer mental states of people from their facial signals.
 Using a digital video camera, the mind-reading computer system
analyzes a person’s facial expressions in real time and infers that
person’s underlying mental state, such as whether he or she is
agreeing or disagreeing, interested or bored, thinking or
confused.
 Prior knowledge of how particular mental states are expressed in
the face is combined with analysis of facial expressions and head
gestures occurring in real time.
 Software from Nevenvision identifies 24 feature points on the face
and tracks them in real time.
 For example, a combination of a head nod, with a smile and
eyebrows raised might mean interest.

6.  The mind-reading computer system presents information
about your mental state as easily as a keyboard and mouse
present text and commands.
 Current projects in Cambridge are considering further inputs
such as body posture and gestures to improve the inference.
 We are also looking at the use of mind-reading to support on-
line shopping and learning systems.

7.  The mind reading actually
involves measuring the  Futuristic headband
volume and oxygen level of
the blood around the
subject's brain, using
technology called
functional near-infrared
spectroscopy (fNIRS).
 The user wears a sort of
futuristic headband that
sends light in that spectrum
into the tissues of the head
where it is absorbed by
active, blood-filled tissues

8.  For the first test of the
sensors, scientists trained the
 Web Search
software program to
recognize six words - including
"go", "left" and "right" - and 10
numbers.
 Then researchers put the
letters of the alphabet into a
matrix with each column and
row labeled with a single-digit
number.
 These were used to silently
spell "NASA" into a web search
engine using the program.
 "This proved we could browse
the web without touching a
keyboard”.

9.  It deals with anatomy and molecular
biology of neurons.
 A neuron is a nerve cell that is the basic
building block of the nervous system.
Neurons are specialized to transmit
information throughout the body.
 It is done by measuring oxygen level of
blood using FNIRS.

10. It is done using hidden Markov
Model, Neural Network processing or
active appearance model.
Classification by Paul Ekman
Anger, Fear, Happiness, Disgust
,Sadness, Surprise.

11. It is used to measure the electrical
activity of the facial muscles. Muscles
used are “corrugator supercilii muscle”
and others.
It is a measure of skin
conductivity, which is dependent on
how moist the skin is.

12. It is measured by a process called
photoplethysmography.
It produces a graph indicating blood
flow through the extremities.

13.  Can read minds
 Help paralytic patients
 Help Handicapped people
 Help Comma patients
 Help people who cant speak
 Can be used for military purposes & sting
operations
 Can be combined with consoles & used for
mind gaming, robotics & stuff.
 eliminate the capability to lie.

14.  Breach in privacy
 Can extract, through an individual, an
important, secure & confidential information of
individual, state or even a country
 If developed or used by sinners, can be highly
dangerous
 Eavesdropping
 No way to neutralize this technology

15.  Tufts University researchers have begun a
three-year research project which, if
successful, will allow computers to respond to
the brain activity of the computer's user.
 Users wear futuristic-looking headbands to
shine light on their foreheads, and then
perform a series of increasingly difficult tasks
while the device reads what parts of the brain
are absorbing the light.
 That info is then transferred to the
computer, and from there the computer can
adjust it's interface and functions to each
individual.