About Braingate

1. BRAINGATE TECHNOLOGY
Presented by
PRIYANKA R
ECE DEPT
SJMIT CHITRADURGA

2. INTRODUCTION
What is Brain Gate Technology?
Brain gate is a Neuroprosthetic
device that converts brain activity
into computer commands.
This system is designed to help those
who have lost control of their limbs,
or other bodily functions, such as patients
with Amyotropic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or
spinal cord injury.

3. HISTORY
 Research on BCIs has been going on for more than 20
years, but from 2000s there has been a dramatic increase in
working experimental implants.
 Brain Gate system was commercially developed by the
bio-tech company Cyberkinetics in conjunction with the
Department of Neuroscience at Brown University.
 First of all it was implemented on rats then monkeys and
after no complication on human beings

4. UNDERLYING PRINCIPLE
The principle of brain gate
neural interface system is that
which intact with brain function,
neural signals generated are
interpreted by the systems and a
cursor is shown to the user on a
computer screen that provides an
alternate “Brain Gate pathway".
The user can use that cursor to
control the computer, just as a
mouse is used.

5. BASIC REQUIREMENTS
The basic elements of Brain Gate are
Chip
Connector
Converter
Computer

6. BASIC REQUIREMENTS
NeuroChip

7. BASIC REQUIREMENTS
Connectors and computer

8. BRAIN GATE PILOT DEVICE
Sensor
Pedestal
Cart
Cable

9. PLATFORM TECHNOLOGY
Sense
Transmit
Analyze

10. SENSING TECHNIQUES
Sensing
Techniques
Invasive
ECOG
Non-
Invasive
EEG

11. ELECTROCORTICOGRAPHY
Electrocorticography(ECoG)
measures the electrical activity of
the brain taken from beneath the
skull
The electrodes are embedded
in a thin plastic pad that is
placed above the cortex, beneath
the dura mater.

12. ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY
Electroencephalography
(EEG), the recording is
obtained by placing
electrodes on the scalp with
a conductive gel or paste.

13. WORKING
A sensor is implanted on the brain, and electrodes are
hooked up to wires that travel to a pedestal on the scalp. From
there, a fiber optic cable carries the brain activity data to a
preprocessor ,then digitizer and then to a nearby computer.

15. WORKING ALGORITHM
Signal by
neurochip
Preprocessing
Detection
Control
Bio Feedback

16. NEUROCHIP

17. PREPROCESSING
removing
unnecessary
frequency bands
averaging the current
brain activity level
transforming the
measured scalp
potentials to cortex
potentials
 Denoising
Band Frequecny
[Hz]
Amplitude Location
Alpha
(_)
8-12 10 -150 Occipital/
Parietal
regions
µ-rhythm 9-11 varies Precentral
Postcentral
regions
Beta (_) 14 -30 25 typically
Frontal
regions
Theta (_) 4-7 varies varies
Delta (_) <3 varies varies

18. DETECTION
 find out these mental tasks from the EEG signal
 done in time-domain and in frequency-domain
 digital signal processing for sampling
 band pass filtering the signal
 calculating these time or frequency domain features
 then classifying them
 algorithms include simple comparison of amplitudes, linear and
non-linear equations and artificial neural networks

19. CONTROL
Applying the will of the user to the used application
The user chooses an action
Feedback is provided to user by audio-visual means

20. TRAINING
This training begins
with very simple exercises
where the user get the
information about the
operation of system.

21. BIO-FEEDBACK
Return of biological information to the source that created it
Source can understand it and have control over it
Usually provided visually

23. BRAIN GATE RESEARCH IN ANIMALS
1. On Rat
At first, rats were
implanted with BCI
Signals recorded
from the cerebral
cortex of rat to operate
BCI to carry out the
movement.

24. BRAIN GATE RESEARCH IN ANIMALS
2. Monkey
Trained to reach and grasp objects on a
computer screen
learned to control Robotic arm

25. APPLICATIONS
Typing words by mind

26. APPLICATIONS
Controlling robotic arm

27. ADVANTAGES
Controlling remote devices
Making and receiving Telephone
calls
Accessing the Internet
Turn On or Off the lights
Control Robotic arm
Watch and control television
Use the PC
Locking or Unlocking doors
Motorized Wheelchair

28. DISADVANTAGES
Expensive
Risky Surgery
Not Wireless yet
Difficulty in adaptation and learning
Limitation in information transform rate
The latest technology is 20 bits/min.

29. FUTURE SCOPE
Researches are going on for brain-to-brain
communication
Memory Upload/Download
Dream Capture
Use of Microcontroller to improve its
performance and to reduce complexity
Smaller, wireless device

30. REFERENCES
1. Graun, Christian ; Gerken, Jens ; Jetter, Hans-Christian ; Kaonig,Werner ;
Reiterer, Harald: MedioVis - a User-Centred Library Metadata
Browser.In: ECDL 2005: Research and Advanced Technology for Digital
Libraries, Proceedingsof the 9th European Conference on Digital
Libraries, Springer Verlag, September 2005.
2. [Huffman 2008] Huffman, Scott: Search evaluation at Google.
Website.September2008
3. Vikrant Manocha(Department Of CSE, M.M.College Of
Engineering(Mullana)Ambala) International Journal of Engineering
Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622
4. Keshvi Chauvan(Department Of CSE, M.M.College Of
Engineering(Mullana)Ambala) International Journal of Engineering
Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622
5. Ankita Komawar, Asavari Dudhe, Gauri Ajmire, J.D.I.E.T. Yavatmal,
International Journal of Research In Science & Engineering e-ISSN:
2394-8299 p-ISSN: 2394-8280