This document discusses systemic hypertension, also known as high blood pressure. It defines hypertension as blood pressure above 140/90 mmHg and identifies both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. The pathophysiology involves increased cardiac output, total peripheral vascular resistance, or both. Symptoms can include headaches, chest pain, dizziness, and vision changes. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes like diet, exercise, weight loss, and quitting tobacco. Uncontrolled hypertension can lead to complications affecting the heart, like heart attack, and arteries supplying the brain or kidneys.