Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a chronic disease that puts excessive pressure on the arteries as blood is pumped through the body by the heart. It has no identifiable cause in about 90% of cases but can be influenced by factors like diet, exercise, weight, and stress. Preventing hypertension involves lifestyle modifications like maintaining a healthy weight, engaging in regular physical activity, eating a nutritious diet low in sodium, and drinking alcohol in moderation. Treatment focuses on identifying those at risk and managing the condition before complications arise.