DIABETES - EMPOWERING GLOBAL HEALTH. Every year, Nov 14th is celebrated as World Diabetes Day. My approach of todays topic is “Access to Diabetes care”, and slogan is “Know your risk, Know your response”.

1. HOMOEOPATHIC APPROACH
TO DIABETES MELLITUS
DR SWETHA B P
DEPARTMENT OF PRACTICE OF MEDICINE

4. DIABETES MELLITUS
• DIABETES - EMPOWERING GLOBAL HEALTH. EVERY YEAR, NOV 14TH IS
CELEBRATED AS WORLD DIABETES DAY.
• MY APPROACH OF TODAYS TOPIC IS “ACCESS TO DIABETES CARE”, AND
SLOGAN IS “KNOW YOUR RISK, KNOW YOUR RESPONSE”.

5. DIABETES: THE SIZE OF THE PROBLEM
• WHO ESTIMATE: PREVALENCE OF DIABETES FOR ALL AGE- GROUPS WORLDWIDE
WAS ESTIMATED TO BE 2.8% IN 2000 AND 4.4% IN 2030.
• ESTIMATED RISE IN NUMBER FROM 171 MILLION IN 2000 TO 366 MILLION IN
2030.
• 150% RISE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES BY 2030.
• NUMBER OF DEATHS ATTRIBUTED TO DIABETES WAS PREVIOUSLY ESTIMATED AT
JUST OVER 800,000.

10. TYPE I DIABETES MELLITUS
TYPE 1 (PREVIOUSLY DESIGNATED INSULIN-DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS
[IDDM]) –
• AN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE IN WHICH THE Β-ISLET CELLS OF THE PANCREAS ARE
DESTROYED, RESULTING IN SEVERE INSULIN DEFICIENCY; ANTIBODIES TO
INSULIN AND Β-CELL COMPONENTS (EG, GLUTAMIC ACID DECARBOXYLASE
[GAD] ANTIBODIES) ARE OFTEN PRESENT.
• ASSOCIATED WITH HLA DR3, DR4 GENOTYPE;
• PATIENTS ARE KETOSIS PRONE WITHOUT TREATMENT AND USUALLY YOUNGER
THAN 35 YEARS OF AGE AT ONSET.

12. TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS
• A DISEASE OF INSULIN RESISTANCE WITH ΒETA-ISLET CELL DYSFUNCTION.
• RESISTANCE OCCURS AT THE LEVEL OF MUSCLE AND ADIPOSE TISSUE RESULTING
IN DEFECTIVE GLUCOSE DISPOSITION AND INCREASED FASTING AND
POSTPRANDIAL GLUCONEOGENESIS AND GLYCOGENOLYSIS.
• INSULIN LEVELS CAN BE ELEVATED, NORMAL, OR LOW; 30% TO 40% OF PATIENTS
REQUIRE INSULIN TREATMENT.
• EIGHTY PERCENT OF PATIENTS ARE OBESE (EXCEPT IN ASIAN POPULATIONS
WHERE OBESITY IS <60%).

14. MISCELLANEOUS TYPES
• CAN BE CAUSED BY GENETIC DEFECTS IN ΒETA CELL FUNCTION (MATURITY-
ONSET DIABETES IN THE YOUNG [MODY] SUBTYPES) AND IN INSULIN ACTION, OR
ASSOCIATED WITH SOME GENETIC SYNDROMES.
• CAN BE SECONDARY TO TRAUMA OR PRIMARY DISEASE OF THE PANCREAS
(CHRONIC PANCREATITIS).
• CAN BE DRUG OR CHEMICAL INDUCED ( GLUCOCORTICOIDS, PHENYTOIN,
THIAZIDES, Β-BLOCKERS, NICOTINIC ACID) OR SECONDARY TO CERTAIN
INFECTIONS (CONGENITAL RUBELLA, CYTOMEGALOVIRUS).

22. DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA
DIABETES MELLITUS
• SYMPTOMS OF DIABETES PLUS RANDOM PLASMA GLUCOSE >200 MG/DL
(SYMPTOMS OF DIABETES PLUS RANDOM WHOLE BLOOD GLUCOSE >175 MG/DL)
OR
• FASTING PLASMA GLUCOSE >_125 MG/DL (FASTING WHOLE BLOOD GLUCOSE
>_110 MG/DL)
OR
• 2-HOUR PLASMA GLUCOSE >200 MG/DL DURING AN ORAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE
TEST (OGTT) (WHOLE BLOOD >175 MG/ DL DURING AN ORAL 75 GRAM GLUCOSE
TOLERANCE TEST)

23. DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA
DIABETES MELLITUS
IMPAIRED FASTING GLUCOSE (IFG)
• FASTING PLASMA GLUCOSE >_100 MG/DL BUT <125 MG/DL (WHOLE BLOOD GLUCOSE >_88 MG/DL
BUT <110 MG/DL)
IMPAIRED GLUCOSE TOLERANCE (IGT)
• PLASMA GLUCOSE BETWEEN 140 AND 200 MG/DL 2 HOURS AFTER ORAL GLUCOSE LOAD (WHOLE
BLOOD GLUCOSE BETWEEN 125 AND 175 MG/DL 2 HOURS AFTER ORAL GLUCOSE LOAD)
NORMAL GLUCOSE LEVELS
• FASTING PLASMA GLUCOSE <100 MG/DL (WHOLE BLOOD GLUCOSE <88 MG/DL)
• 2-HOUR POST-PRANDIAL OR POST-ORAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST <140 MG/DL (WHOLE BLOOD
GLUCOSE <125 MG/DL)

24. BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL CHART

25. FACTS ON PREVENTION DIABETES
• PRE-DIABETES CAN PREVENT THE DEVELOPMENT OF TYPE 2 DIABETES BY MAKING
CHANGES IN THEIR LIFESTYLE.
PRIMARY PREVENTION
LIFESTYLE CHANGES CAN PREVENT DIABETES
WEIGHT LOSS IS ACCOMPANIED BY CONSIDERABLE LOWERING OF THE RISK OF
DIABETES
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
SMOKING PREDISPOSES TYPE II DM

26. HOMOEOPATHIC APPROACH TO DIABETES
MELLITUS
• HOMEOPATHIC REMEDIES LIKE CALENDULA OFFICINALIS AND SILICEA CAN AID IN WOUND
HEALING, PROMOTE TISSUE REGENERATION, AND PREVENT INFECTIONS.
• AWARENESS OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY IS CRUCIAL FOR THOSE WITH DIABETES, AS THIS
CONDITION CAN IMPACT THEIR EYE HEALTH. HOMEOPATHIC REMEDIES SUCH AS RUTA
GRAVEOLENS AND PHOSPHORUS HAVE BEEN USED TO SUPPORT EYE HEALTH AND ALLEVIATE
SYMPTOMS ASSOCIATED WITH DIABETIC RETINOPATHY. HOWEVER, IT IS CRUCIAL TO SEEK
OPHTHALMOLOGICAL CARE ALONGSIDE HOMEOPATHIC TREATMENT FOR PROPER EVALUATION
AND MANAGEMENT.

27. LIFESTYLE MODIFICATIONS AND HOMEOPATHY
• LIFESTYLE MODIFICATIONS PLAY A PIVOTAL ROLE IN DIABETES MANAGEMENT. HAVING A HEALTHY DIET,
PARTICIPATING IN REGULAR EXERCISE, EFFECTIVELY MANAGING STRESS,AND CONTROLLING WEIGHTARE
FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENTS. HOMEOPATHY CAN COMPLEMENT THESE LIFESTYLE CHANGES BY SUPPORTING THE
BODY'S NATURAL HEALING MECHANISMS AND ENHANCING OVERALL WELL-BEING.
• STRESS MANAGEMENT, A CRITICALASPECT OF DIABETES CARE, CAN BE ADDRESSED WITH HOMEOPATHIC
REMEDIES SUCH AS IGNATIAAMARAAND ARSENICUM ALBUM. THESE REMEDIES ARE BELIEVED TO HELP
INDIVIDUALS COPE WITH STRESS AND PROMOTE EMOTIONAL BALANCE.
• WEIGHT CONTROL IS ANOTHER IMPORTANT FACTOR IN MANAGING DIABETES. HOMEOPATHIC REMEDIES LIKE
CALCAREA CARBONICAAND GRAPHITES ARE BELIEVED TO AID IN WEIGHT MANAGEMENTAND ADDRESS
UNDERLYING IMBALANCES CONTRIBUTING TO WEIGHT GAIN.

28. INDIVIDUALIZED HOMEOPATHIC TREATMENT
• HOMEOPATHY IS RECOGNIZED FOR ITS TAILORED TREATMENT APPROACH. HOMEOPATHIC
PRACTITIONERS CONSIDER THE UNIQUE SYMPTOMS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF EACH
INDIVIDUAL WHEN PRESCRIBING REMEDIES FOR DIABETES MANAGEMENT. THROUGH A
COMPREHENSIVE UNDERSTANDING OF THE INDIVIDUAL, HOMEOPATHY AIMS TO TARGET THE
PRIMARY CAUSES OF DIABETES AND ENHANCE LONG-TERM WELL-BEING.

29. CONCLUSION
• HOMEOPATHY PROVIDES A COMPLEMENTARY APPROACH TO DIABETES MANAGEMENT, FOCUSING ON
THE INDIVIDUAL AS A WHOLE. BY CONSIDERING THE UNIQUE SYMPTOMS, CHARACTERISTICS, AND
IMBALANCES,
• HOMEOPATHY AIMS TO SUPPORT CONVENTIONAL TREATMENT AND PROMOTE OVERALL WELL-BEING.
• AS SCIENTISTS CONTINUE TO STUDY HOMEOPATHY AND DIABETES, IT'S CRUCIAL TO INCORPORATE
HOMEOPATHY AS PART OF A COMPLETE DIABETES MANAGEMENT STRATEGY AND WORK TOGETHER
WITH HEALTHCARE EXPERTS TO GET PERSONALIZED ADVICE. EXPLORE THE POTENTIAL BENEFITS
OF HOMEOPATHY AS PART OF YOUR JOURNEY TOWARD OPTIMAL DIABETES CARE.