2. Management means art of getting
things work done through people in a
organized way is called management.
“Acc.to Gary Dessler”- ‘Management is
the handling of all the resources
through the process of planning,
organizing, directing & controlling, to
attain stated objectives 'is called
Management.
3. 1. It is human activity
2. All levels of organization
3. Process
4. Intangible
5. It is science and art
6. Coordinated
7. Continuous
8. Keep control over the employees
6. It means to manage time money manpower
material, energy and other resources. is
called IM.
DEFINATION –It is process of planning
organising directing controlling and
managing activity of an industry is called
industrial management.
9. 1. DESIGN OF PRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
2. INVENTORY MANAGEMENT
3. QUALITY CONTROL
4. SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT
5. PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT
10. 1. PLANNING AND DESIGN OF PRODUCT
2. DETERMING THE VOLUME OF OUTPUT
3. SIZE OF PLANT
4. SELECTION OF MANUFACTURING PROCESS &
EQUIPMENTS
5. SELECTION OF FACILITY LOCATION
6. DESIGN OF PLANT LAYOUT
7. JOB DESIGN
12. A. DEVELOP SCIENTIFIC WAY OF
PERFORM JOB
B. TRAIN AND DEVELOP THE WORKERS
TO PERFORM THEIR JOBS
C. TIME AND MOTION STUDY
D. ESTABLISH HARMONIOUS
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WORKERS
AND EMPOLYEES
13. A. TECHNICAL ACTIVITIES RELATED
TO THR MANUFACTURING
B. FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES ENSURING
THE OPTIMAL USE OF CAPITAL
C. SECURITY ENSURING PROTECT
D. ACCOUNTING
14. JIT(JUST IN TIME)- It is an inventory management
strategy to improve return on investment by
reducing in process inventory and its associated.
Lean manufacturing-It is management
philosophy which focuses on reduction of six
wastes-over production, waiting time, processing
motion, inventory and scrap in any type of
manufacturing process.
kaizen –It is a Japanese word which means
change better or improvement. It is an approach
to improve productivity through application of
scientific method.
15. Six sigma- it is set of
techniques and tools for
process improvement and
removing the defects and
minimizing the variability in a
business or manufacturing
process in a orgnisation who
are expected in this process
16.
17.
18. It is common used to measure
the ability of the well to
produce is called PI.It is
denoted by ‘J’.
Formula- performance
achieved/input resources
consumed
19. There are 2 types of
factors that affects
productivity-
1.Internal
2.External
21. 1. Improved raw material
2. Better technology
3. Scientific selection and
training of worker
4. Good working conditions
5. Harmonious relation
6. Quality circle
22.
23.
24.
25.
26. There are 2 types of production system
1. Continuous production
system
2. Intermittent production
system
27. a) Continuous production
system –
1- Mass production
2-Process production
3-assembly line
b) Intermittent production
system
1- job production
2-batch production
28. Continuous production system-it
involves the continuous flow of
material during the production
process various machines are
arranged in process wise sequences
so that there is a smooth flow of
material and work in process form one
machine to another
A) mass production- it refers to the
manufacture of standardized item or
components on a large scales.
29.
30.
31. B) Process production- it involves continuous
production of goods in anticipation of
customer demand rather than in response of
customer order. for eg steel chemicals,
cements.
C) Assembly production- This type of
production system is commonly followed in
the automobile industry. Under this a number
of components are combined or assembled to
manufactured a finished product like car &
bike.
32. B) Intermittent production system- are
those where the facilities must be
flexible enough to handle a wide
variety of product& sizes for eg-
printing press industry.
1) Job production-it involves the
procedure of manufacturing a product
according to a specific customer
order. like plumber and road builder
advertisement campaign,installing
machinery factory
33.
34. 2)Batch production –In this type of
production the work on any
product is divided into few
operations and each operations is
completed for the whole lot
before preceding to the next
opertaion.for eg- medicines
companies& aero plane are the
example of production system
35.
36. There are 2 types of industrial ownership-
Private sector-
1-Sole proprietorship
2-Patnership
3-Joint Hindu family
4-Joint Hindu stock
5-Coperative society
38. “Acc.to LH HANEY”-It is the form
of business organization at the
head of which stands an
individual as one who is
responsible who direct its
operations & who alone runs the
risk of failure is called sole
proprietorship
39. 1. Common identity
2. Capital
3. Unlimited liability
4. Easy formation
5. One men control
6. Profit and loss
40. 1. Quick decision making
2. Flexible
3. Secrecy
4. Independent
5. Few govt.regulations
6. Direct incentives
41. Limited capital
Lack of managerial skills
Lack of public confidence
Imbalance decision
Limited resources
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48. Firm concern into existence by
operation of law .it is governed by the
hindu law and hindu customs .if a
business set up by a persons is carried
on a male member of his family after
his death. The business of the family
run by the head of the family known
as karta of the family
49. Male member
Member by birth
Registration
Minor
Governed by hindu law
Continuity
50. ACC TO LH HANEY –A company is an artificial
person created by the law having separate
legal entity with perpetual succession and
common seal .for eg- reliance
Features of joint stock company –
1. Artificial person
2. Separate legal entity
3. Common seal
4. Perpetual succession
5. Transferability of shares
51. 1. Huge financial resources
2. Stability of shares
3. Growth and expansion
4. Reduce risks
58. 1-Departmental organisation undertaking-it
is the oldest method of organising state
enterprise .it is finance and controlled by the
department of the govt,railways post
2-Govt company-It is a company in which not
less than 51% of the paid up share capital
held by the govt.it is formed and registered
under the companies act.
3-Public cooperation- It is that form of public
enterprise which is created as an autonomous
unit by special act of parliament such public
coperations known as statutory corperation
like LIC,AIRLINES OIL NATURAL GAS
COMMISSSION
60. It is a basic statement that provides
understanding and guides ,thinking action is
called management principles.
Nature of mgt.principles
Dynamic
Based on situation
Universal application
Careful application
61. Dynamics
Based on situations
Universal application
Careful application
Need of management principles
Increase efficiency
Training of workers
Influence the human behavior
To reach the objective
62.
63.
64.
65. It is a process of directing human effort which
employees scientific method forgetting
higher productivity is called scientific
management .
Acc to FW TAYLOR(FREDERICK WINSLOW)-It is
the substitution of exact scientific
investigation and knowledge for the old
individual judgment or opinion in all matter
relating to the work done in the shop. It
involves-1-analysis of work through scientific
method
66. 2-scientifc selection and
training of workers&
employees
3-Standardisations of raw
material &working
condition and equipments
4-cooperation between
management and workers
68. 1. Replacement of old thumb
rule
2. Scientific selection and
training method
3. Equal division of work
4. Maximum output
69. Speeding up of workers
Boredom
No scope of initiative
Un employment
Weakening of trade union
70.
71.
72.
73. It is a systematic way of recording examine way
of doing work and find more better way to do the
job in a less effort
Objectives of method study –
1. Better quality
2. Less fatigue
3. Higher planning
4. Higher safety
5. Optimum utilization of resources
6. Better working environment
7. Ensure all safety activities
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86. When path are many and repetitive a flow
diagram become congested and it will
difficult to understand in such case string
diagram is preferred .string diagram is a scale
plan of the shop on which the length of the
string is used to record the pattern
movement of materials or workers which
performing a particular operations is called
string diagram
87.
88. It is a technique to establish
or measure the time for a
qualified worker at a
specified job at a definite
level of performance is
called work measurement
89. Standard time= basic
timex100/100-allowance
percentage
Basic time=observed time
xobserved rating of
operations/standard rating
90. 1. Compare the work
2. Determine the work
3. Determine the cost of product
4. Reduce the ineffective time
5. Improve method of doing the
work
6. Help for future planning of work
91. 1. Time study
2. Time record
3. Activity or work
sampling
4. Work estimation or
analytical estimation
92. Production planning is the
process of organise and planning
of the manufacturing process. It
coordinate supply and movement
of material and labour& utilization
of machines equipments related
with the production to achieve the
objective.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99. 1. To plan for future production
2. To evaluate the performance
3. Estimate the requirement of
machines and others equipments
4. Taking a money or buy decisions
5. Estimate delivery dates
100. 1. Not reliable
2. Difficult to understand
3. Time taken
4. Not established or
defined the job
101. Means finding the simpliest,quickest,method
doing work for maximizing efficiency with a
minimum cost
Objectives of work simplification-
To eliminate the waste
To eliminate inefficiency motion
To improve layout
To improve work design
To improve procedure of machine ,material
and working conditions
102.
103. It is a scientific technique
concerned with
planning,organising,and
control of flow of material
form the initial purchase to
their destination is called
material management
104. Determine the right quality right
quantity of material
Maintaining the continuity of
production
Maintain store records
Maintain ethical standard
Establishing goods buyer relations
Maximise the profit
105. Raw material
Consumables stores
Fabricated parts
Spares and tools
Industrial equipments
Office appliances
109. It is the progress of deciding what
and how much various items are to be
kept in stock.
It performs the following function
1-Determine the items to be stocked
2- Determine the inventory limits to
be held
3- keep suitable records
110. A. Decoupling function
B. Maintain regular supply of
material
C. Avoid of losses
D. To prevent delay in production
E. To avoid quantity discount
F. Proper execution of policies
112. 1-stock levels-
A-Maximum stock levels-It represent the
largest quantity of a particular material which
should be kept in the store at any one time
Maximum stock level =reordering level
+reordering quantity –minimum
consumptions
B-Minimum stock levels-It represent the
lowest quantity of a particular material below
which stock should not be allowed to fall
C-Average stock levels- =minimum stock
level+1/2 of reorder quantity
113. D-Reordering level- it is the level inventory at
which purchase requisition should be issued
and purchase order be made
Reorder level=maximum consumption during
the period x maximum period required for
delivery
2-ABC-means Always better control .it
measure the cost significance of each item of
material.
A-items falling in the 1st category
B-items falling in the 2nd category
C-items falling in the 3rd catagory
114. Group % of items % of cost
A 10% 70%
B 25% 20%
C 65% 10%
115. Features A B C
1 CONSUMTION HIGH MODERATE LOW
2 CONTROL STRICT MODERATE LOW
3 PERIOD REVIEW AFTER A MONTH 3 MONTHS
REVIEW
ANNUAL REVIEW
4 FOLLOW UP MAXIMUM PERIODIC OPTIONAL
5 SAFETY STOCK VERY LOW LOW SAFETY HIGH SAFETY
6 VALUE ANALYSIS RIGOROUS MODERATE MINIMUM
116. 3-EOQ-means economic
order quantity is the
optimum quantity of goods
to be purchase at one time
in order to minimize the
total cost of ordering or
holding items of inventory
is called EOQ.
117.
118.
119. 1-Unit cost is zero
2-Safety cost is assumed to be
zero
3-Carrying cost of inventory
per unit per year is constant
4-Quantity discount are
ignored
122. 6-VED-means V=vital category items
are those items which the production
activities or any other activity of
company would come to a halt(stop)
E-essentials items those items whose
absence which can not be tolerated for
more than a few hours or a day
D-those items whose stock out or
shortage only a minor disturbance for
a short duration in the production
schedule
123.
124. Supply chain management is an
integrated process where supplier
manufacturer distributor retailer
work together in a effective
manner to acquire raw material
convert these raw material into
specified final production and
deliver the final product
125. • Responsibility of single entity
• System approach
• Harmonious relation among all
employees
• Flexible approach
• Better performance
127. 1. Faster decision
2. Quickly communicated
3. Customer satisfaction
4. It enhance the form profitability
5. It enhance the individual
performance
6. Competitive advantage
128. 1. Service orientation
2. System orientation
3. Competitiveness
4. Effectiveness
5. Minimizing the time
6. Improving quality
7. Reduce transportation cost
8. Improving demand
129. 1) Consumer demand
2) Globalization
3) Competition
4) Information
5) Communication
6) Govt.regulation
7) environment
130. It consist tool used to gain the awareness of
information analyses the information and
execute it to increase the performance of the
supply chain
Roles of IT in supply chain-
It is a key of supply chain drives because it
serve as a glue that allow other driver to work
together with a goal of creating an integrated
coordinated supply chain.
It help to improve the supply chain
131. It understood how manager
information is gathered and
analyzed
Thus the organisation needs
to connected and become able
to share the information and
this tools it offers the
organisation wide and
collaboration
132. 1. Internet
2. Intranet
3. EDI(electronic data
interchange)
4. E-COMMERCE
5. ERP (enterprise resources
planning)
134. Quality means desired charactertics in the
finished product. It following some features,
1-Appreance of product
2-product design
3-services
4-prices
5-goods documentation
6-after sale services
135. It means removal of
identifiable cause or
defect& variations from
the set of standards is
called quality control
136. 1. Reduce the wastage of raw material
2. To establish the quality standards
which are economical to achieve and
acceptable to the customer
3. Help to identify causes deviation
from the product standards
4. Suggest remedial measure of
improve quality of product
137. 1. Improved raw material
2. Better technology
3. Scientific selection of workers
4. Good working condition
5. Harmonious relation between the
employer and employees who
are working in the organisation
138. It means reject the bad
products and accept the
good product.
It aim at getting the right
product of the right
quality
139. 1. It separate defective components
from non defective components
2. It earn good will of the customer
3. Reduce the cost of production
4. It ensure the proper functioning
of assembled product
5. Avoid wastage of material
140. Maintains of specified standard
the quality of product
Reduce /detections of defects
scrap(wastage)
It find out whether the product is
manufactured are acceptable or
not
141. It refers to the statistical
technique employed for
maintenance of uniformed quality
in an continuous flow of
manufactured product is called
SQC.
143. Reduce cost
Reduce interruption in production
process
Increase the goodwill of the
enterprise
Reduce the losses
Helpful in determining the effect
of change in process
145. It is statistical tool for
indicating the variations
in quality is called control
chart
146.
147.
148.
149. P chart is used to control the quality of
components parts and remove the defects.
P=d/n
Where d means no of defects unit in a sample
Where n means total number of units in a
sample
P charts take some following inspected-
1-Take some adequate sample
2-find the no of defects pieces found
3-calculate fraction defective
150. C chart- is used to record
number of defects found in
a given sample size.
151. T=Total decision or action take place in a
particular department
Q=Quality means the quality of a product and
services
M=Management art of getting work done
through others in a systematic way
TQM refers to meeting the requirement of
customer by continuous improvement in the
quality of work of all employees is called TQM
156. It means that even if there is a single
defective unit in the sample of
manufactured product so the whole lot is
rejected
So the purpose of zero defect is to motivate
the worker and manufacture flawless
product in first time so that there is no
change of rejections and the company is
able to create an image of a product is
called zero defect
158. It refers to maintenance of desired
level of quality of product and services
at every department in the
organisations like
1-Production department
2 Marketing department
3-Supplier department
4-Inspection department
5-Customer service department
159. ISO found in 23 Feb. 1947 and its
headquarter at Geneva. In Switzerland. It
has emerged as an apex(top) in situations
of standard organization of 91 countries
including India
It is a set of written standards which
comprise quality system and it define the
basic element of the system through
documentation and it creates a quality
system rooted in customer requirement.
160. It is responsible for promotion and
development of international standards and
related activities including conformity
assessment such as testing inspection
laboratory accreditation certificate and quality
assessment
Areas and application of ISO
1-Design and development
2-procurement
3-production
4-installation
5-servicing
161. Internationally accepted
Competitive edge
It help in achieving consistency
economy
Cost effective
Increase financial resources
Increase sales
Versatile marketing tool in today's
national and international scenerio
162. Management commitment
Selection of model
Sub groups
Preparation of check list
Preparation of quality manual
Training of leaders and workers
Auditing
Application of registration
Grant of license
164. It is the application of collection of tools and
techniques to direct the use of diverse
resources towards the accomplishment of a
unique complex one time task with in time
cost quality is called project management
Phases of project management
Planning
Scheduling
controlling
165. A network is a graphical representation of
project operation and is composed of
activities and event that must be completed
to reach the end of the objective.
Network analysis entail a group techniques
for presentation information relating time
and resources so as to assists in the planning
scheduling and controlling of a project
166.
167. Minimization of total project costs
Minimization of total project
duration
Trade off between time and cost
of project
Minimization of ideal resources
175. It was developed by MR WALKER in 1956.it is
an algorithms for scheduling a set of project
activities .it is commonly used in conjunction
with program evaluation and review
technique is called CPM
Advantages of CPM-
Easy
176. Easy
Control
Facilitates the optimum
allocation of resources
It gives complete information
It reduces the uncertainty
178. It is a popular technique of network analysis
.it derives it estimates based on the
probability of occurrence. it can be used for
planning scheduling and controlling the
projects. There are 3 kinds of time estimates
are used in PERT-
Optimistic time estimate(to)
Pessimistic time estimate(tp)
Most likely time estiamtes(tm)
180. Help in planning
Help in controlling
Proper utilization of resource
Flexible
Increase efficiency
It provide update information of the project
program
Disadvantages of PERT
1-Difficult 4-Emphasizes only time not cost
5- Expensive
2-Error
3-Absence of past data
181. Construction industry
Manufacturing
Maintenance planning
Research and development
Administration
Marketing
182. BASIS OF DIFFRENCE PERT CPM
1-MODEL PROBABILISTIC MODEL DETERMINISTIC
MODEL
2-ORIENTED EVENT ORIENTED ACTIVITY ORIENTED
3-DUMMY IT MAKES USE OF
DUMMY ACTIVITY
IT DOES NOT MAKE
USE OF DUMMY
ACTIVITY
4-COST NO COST HIGH COST
5-CRASHING IT DOES NOT DEAL
WITH THE CONCEPT
OF CRASHING
IT DEAL WITH
THECONCEPTN OF
CRASHING
6-STATISCAL DEVICE IT MAKES USE OF
STATISCAL DEVICE
IT DOES NOT MAKE
USE OF STATSICAL
DEVICE
183. The process of reduce activity duration by
putting in extra effort is called crashing.
Objectives of project crashing-
Minimize the time
Reduce cost
Utilization of resources
Ensure balanced and uniform
requirement of resources
184. Crash time represent the fully expedited or
the minimum activity duration time that is
possible and any attempt to further crash
would only raise the activity direct cost
without reduce the time is called crash time
Crash cost the activity cost corresponding to
the crash time is called crash cost which is
equals to the minimum direct cost to achieve
the crash performance time is called crash
cost
185. To evaluate the alternative way to expedite
some of the activities indicated in a network
and then analyze their cost implications. This
analyze know as time cost trade off analysis.
This problem is based on the conception that
the duration of some of the activities of a
project can be cut down ,if some additional
resources men material or equipment are
employed on them
Formula -cost slope/incremental cost= crash
cost-normal cost/normal time-crash time
186.
187. To identify the crash, the critical
activity that has minimum
incremental cost of the crashing
The network is revised by
adjusting the time and cost of the
crashed activity the critical path is
identified again and we revert the
steps 1st.
188. It indicates the free time associated with an
event. it is the time available for an activity in
addition to its duration time. There are 4
types of floats which are as follow
Total float
Free float
Interfering float
Independent float
