The counterculture and reform movements
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The counterculture and reform movements
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The counterculture and reform movements
- 1. Counterculture Late 1950s/early ’60s: Beat Generation of NYC and San Francisco Reaction against: conservative 1950’s, the Cold War, and fear of nuclear war
- 2. • Non-conformist, rejected materialism • Experimented with jazz, drugs, sex, Eastern religions • Mainly literary movement - idealized energetic, uncensored expression
- 3. Howl by Allen Ginsberg (1956) I saw the best minds of my generation destroyed by madness, starving hysterical naked, dragging themselves through the negro streets at dawn looking for an angry fix, angelheaded hipsters burning for the ancient heavenly connection to the starry dynamo in the machinery of night, who poverty and tatters and hollow-eyed and high sat up smoking in the supernatural darkness of cold-water flats floating across the tops of cities contemplating jazz …
- 4. On the Road by Jack Kerouac (1957) "The one thing that we yearn for in our living days, that makes us sigh and groan and undergo sweet nauseas of all kinds, is the remembrance of some lost bliss that was probably experienced in the womb and can only be reproduced (though we hate to admit it) in death."
- 5. The Naked Lunch by William S. Burroughs (1959) “I am not one of those weak- spirited, sappy Americans who want to be liked by all the people around them. I don’t care if people hate my guts; I assume most of them do. The important question is whether they are in a position to do anything about it.” “In the U.S. you have to be a deviant or die of boredom. Make no mistake, all intellectuals are deviants in the U.S.”
- 8. 1950’s Beatniks 1960’s Hippies
- 9. The New Left 1960s-1970s Democratic roots Young middle-class intellectuals; hippies, college protestors, civil rights activists SDS (Students for Democratic Society) Focus on civil rights, opposing Vietnam War Anti-Establishment, “Don’t Trust Anyone Over 30” The Old Left 1930s-1950s Marxist/Socialist roots Focus on working class labor issues Disillusioned by Stalin’s brutality & suppressed by ’50s Red Scare
- 10. Mainstream vs.
- 11. • Individual • Competition • Achievement • Group superiority • Conformity/obedience • Materialism and money • Authoritarianism • Militarism/imperialism • Rationality/bureaucracy • Self-discipline • Delayed gratification • Community • Cooperation • Happiness • Equality & social justice • Freedom • Spiritualism, sharing • Democracy • Diplomacy/sovereignty • Emotionality/tribalism • Laid back, go with the flow • Immediate gratification Mainstream vs.
- 12. San Francisco, CA, “1967 Summer of Love”
- 13. • Influenced ‘psychedelic’ art & music • Made illegal in 1966
- 14. • Timothy Leary, LSD • Jerry Garcia, Grateful Dead • John Lennon, The Beatles • “The Merry Pranksters”
- 15. • British Invasion The Beatles The Rolling Stones The Who • Jimi Hendrix-use of the electric guitar 1964 1967 1968 1969
- 18. Altamont Free Concert, 1969 Manson Murders, 1969 Joplin, Hendrix, and Morrison OD Kent State Massacre,1970 Vietnam War winding down Counterculture values becoming part of accepted culture "Mr. and Mrs. America … I am not … a hippie cult leader. I am what you have made me and the mad dog devil killer fiend leper is a reflection of your society … In my mind's eye my thoughts light fires in your cities." - Charles Manson
- 19. Pop Art “Art should be for everyone!” - Andy Warhol
- 23. Roy Lichtenstein
- 25. Clean Air Act (1970) Clean Water Act (1973) Endangered Species Act (1973) Three Mile Island (1979) Superfund (1980)
- 26. Women’s Movement 1949: The Second Sex by Simone de Beauvoir 1961: birth control pill 1963: Equal Pay Act 1964: The Feminine Mystique by Betty Friedan 1964: Civil Rights Act bans employment discrimination on account of sex
- 27. “A woman needs a man like a fish needs a bicycle.”
- 28. 1966: National Organization for Women (NOW) 1968: Miss America Pageant protest 1968: Shirley Chisholm elected first black congresswoman.
- 29. 1972: Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) for ratification 1972: Shirley Chisholm wins three states in Dem. Party Pres. primaries
- 30. 1973: Roe v. Wade declares laws prohibiting abortion are unconstitutional.
- 31. 1974: Phyllis Schlafly forms STOP ERA 1978: more women than men enter college 1978: Pregnancy Discrimination Act bans employment discrimination against pregnant women
- 32. 1979: Margaret Thatcher first female PM of UK 1982: ERA falls three states short of ratification