14. fanon & baldwin
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This document discusses black existentialism through the works of Frantz Fanon and James Baldwin. It summarizes that black existentialism shares similarities with existentialist philosophers like Sartre but focuses on the liberation of all people of color rather than individual freedom. It provides biographical context of Fanon and Baldwin, outlining their major works and influences. Both writers examined issues of colonialism, racism, and identity from the perspective of being black in a white-dominated world.
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This document discusses identity politics and intersectionality. It provides historical context around the development of identity politics movements in the 1950s-1970s such as civil rights, women's rights, and gay rights. It then discusses the concepts of intersectionality and how multiple overlapping identities interact. The document presents several artworks and excerpts to illustrate these concepts of identity and the experiences of marginalized groups.
19. said
Edward Said's book Orientalism argues that the Orient has been imagined and constructed by the West through a discourse called Orientalism. This discourse involves producing knowledge about the Orient through academic and artistic works that help dominate and exert authority over it. Said defines Orientalism as a Western style and corporate institution for dealing with the Orient by making statements, authorizing views, describing, teaching, settling, and ruling over it. This discourse helped European culture gain strength by defining itself against an imagined Orient. Orientalism continues to circulate and construct ideas about the East in various cultural forms today.
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The problem of national liberation
This document discusses the relationship between national liberation movements and decolonization. It argues that national liberation movements often represent temporary alliances between conflicting social forces. Colonial powers aimed to strengthen conservative elements and weaken radicals within these movements. As a result, independence often perpetuated existing social and economic relations rather than enabling true social transformation. The experiences of Kenya, Ireland, and South Africa are discussed to illustrate how colonial powers manipulated divisions within nationalist movements to ensure independence benefited existing elites. The importance of independent working class organization to push for deeper social change is emphasized.
Postcolonial Theory & Frantz Fanon
Frantz Fanon was a Martinique-born psychiatrist and philosopher whose works were influential in post-colonial studies and critical theory. He analyzed the psychological effects of colonialism on colonized peoples and the need for authentic decolonization. Fanon believed colonialism destroyed colonized cultures and identities, and advocated for the development of national cultures and consciousness as part of the decolonization process. His major works like Black Skin, White Masks and The Wretched of the Earth diagnosed the impacts of colonialism and prescribed decolonization as the solution to liberate colonized peoples. Fanon's theories remain highly relevant to post-colonial analyses today.
Postcolonialism & Fanon
Postcolonialism responds to Western colonialism from a non-Western perspective, examining how structures of white supremacy are maintained and Western views of "the other." It considers hybrid identities in the historical context of Western colonialism and imperialism as well as decolonization struggles. Frantz Fanon, a psychiatrist and philosopher from the French colony of Martinique, was influential in anti-colonial movements. In Black Skins, White Masks, he analyzed the psychology of colonialism on colonized peoples, and in The Wretched of the Earth advocated for independence from colonizers through the potential use of violence.
Frantz fanon intro
Frantz Fanon was a French psychiatrist and philosopher who wrote about the psychological impact of colonialism on black communities. In his 1952 book Black Skin, White Masks, Fanon used psychoanalysis to argue that colonial subjugation caused black people to develop feelings of dependency, inadequacy, and an inferiority complex when living in a white world. He believed this led to a divided self-perception and an urge to imitate white cultural codes in order to gain acceptance. The document discusses key concepts from the book like double consciousness and discourse, and how embracing the colonizer's language implied embracing their entire civilization and superior status.
Bhm franz fanon
Frantz Fanon was a French psychiatrist and philosopher born in Martinique in 1925. He believed that colonialism and racism dehumanized colonized peoples and caused psychological problems. One of his most famous works, Black Skin, White Masks, examined the psychological effects of racism and the need for black people to overcome feelings of inferiority. Fanon believed the only way to stop dehumanization was through revolution and self-acceptance. He founded Fanon Care in the UK to provide culturally sensitive mental healthcare for African and Caribbean communities that addressed both individual and social needs from an anti-colonial perspective. Fanon's work influenced liberation theology and focused on the role of religion in liberating oppressed peoples from poverty and social
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19. said
Edward Said's book Orientalism argues that the Orient has been imagined and constructed by the West through a discourse called Orientalism. This discourse involves producing knowledge about the Orient through academic and artistic works that help dominate and exert authority over it. Said defines Orientalism as a Western style and corporate institution for dealing with the Orient by making statements, authorizing views, describing, teaching, settling, and ruling over it. This discourse helped European culture gain strength by defining itself against an imagined Orient. Orientalism continues to circulate and construct ideas about the East in various cultural forms today.
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The problem of national liberation
This document discusses the relationship between national liberation movements and decolonization. It argues that national liberation movements often represent temporary alliances between conflicting social forces. Colonial powers aimed to strengthen conservative elements and weaken radicals within these movements. As a result, independence often perpetuated existing social and economic relations rather than enabling true social transformation. The experiences of Kenya, Ireland, and South Africa are discussed to illustrate how colonial powers manipulated divisions within nationalist movements to ensure independence benefited existing elites. The importance of independent working class organization to push for deeper social change is emphasized.
Postcolonial Theory & Frantz Fanon
Frantz Fanon was a Martinique-born psychiatrist and philosopher whose works were influential in post-colonial studies and critical theory. He analyzed the psychological effects of colonialism on colonized peoples and the need for authentic decolonization. Fanon believed colonialism destroyed colonized cultures and identities, and advocated for the development of national cultures and consciousness as part of the decolonization process. His major works like Black Skin, White Masks and The Wretched of the Earth diagnosed the impacts of colonialism and prescribed decolonization as the solution to liberate colonized peoples. Fanon's theories remain highly relevant to post-colonial analyses today.
Postcolonialism & Fanon
Postcolonialism responds to Western colonialism from a non-Western perspective, examining how structures of white supremacy are maintained and Western views of "the other." It considers hybrid identities in the historical context of Western colonialism and imperialism as well as decolonization struggles. Frantz Fanon, a psychiatrist and philosopher from the French colony of Martinique, was influential in anti-colonial movements. In Black Skins, White Masks, he analyzed the psychology of colonialism on colonized peoples, and in The Wretched of the Earth advocated for independence from colonizers through the potential use of violence.
Frantz fanon intro
Frantz Fanon was a French psychiatrist and philosopher who wrote about the psychological impact of colonialism on black communities. In his 1952 book Black Skin, White Masks, Fanon used psychoanalysis to argue that colonial subjugation caused black people to develop feelings of dependency, inadequacy, and an inferiority complex when living in a white world. He believed this led to a divided self-perception and an urge to imitate white cultural codes in order to gain acceptance. The document discusses key concepts from the book like double consciousness and discourse, and how embracing the colonizer's language implied embracing their entire civilization and superior status.
Bhm franz fanon
Frantz Fanon was a French psychiatrist and philosopher born in Martinique in 1925. He believed that colonialism and racism dehumanized colonized peoples and caused psychological problems. One of his most famous works, Black Skin, White Masks, examined the psychological effects of racism and the need for black people to overcome feelings of inferiority. Fanon believed the only way to stop dehumanization was through revolution and self-acceptance. He founded Fanon Care in the UK to provide culturally sensitive mental healthcare for African and Caribbean communities that addressed both individual and social needs from an anti-colonial perspective. Fanon's work influenced liberation theology and focused on the role of religion in liberating oppressed peoples from poverty and social
Frantz Fanon's Writings
A summury of Frantz Fanon's writings and his biography
By Adeeb Mampad, MA ArabIslamic Culture, Jamia Millia Islmia, Newdelhi
Franz Fanon's The Wretched of the Earth
The document provides an overview of Franz Fanon's seminal work "The Wretched of the Earth". It was published in 1961 and discusses decolonization from the perspective of the colonized. Fanon argues that decolonization can only be achieved through violence as the colonizer will fear decolonization and the colonized will desire it. The colonial world is divided into two separate worlds - the colonizer and colonized, which are separated by military forces and different status.
The Wretched of the Earth – Frantz Fanon
The document summarizes key concepts from Franz Fanon's book The Wretched of the Earth. It discusses Fanon's views on [1] the Manichaean worldview that divides society into colonizer and colonized, [2] the role of violence in overturning colonial power structures, and [3] the tendency of post-independence "popular leaders" to lead nations towards authoritarianism similar to colonial regimes. It also outlines Fanon's arguments that [4] the economic "infrastructure" and social/cultural "superstructure" are intertwined under colonialism, and that [5] national cultures formed in reaction to colonialism often do so in racial rather than national terms. Finally,
Postcolonial Theory and Literature: An Overview
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What Aspect Of Colonialism Does Fanon Focus On The Wretched Of The Earth "
Fanon focuses on the necessary role of violence in decolonization struggles in The Wretched of the Earth. He argues that colonial society is compartmentalized into the colonizer and colonized. Decolonization through negotiation only changes formalities, not power structures. True decolonization requires destroying everything colonial through a violent popular insurrection that will lead to a new national culture no longer defined by Europe.
SW critical seminar 3 fanon[1]
Franz Fanon was a Martiniquan psychiatrist and revolutionary theorist active in the Algerian revolution. He is best known for his books "Black Skin, White Masks" and "The Wretched of the Earth", which brought psychology and politics together and were key texts in post-colonial theory. Fanon argued that colonialism distorts the colonized subject's psyche and dehumanizes them, rendering them incapable of feeling human. He believed therapy should not promote adaptation to colonial domination but empower the individual to choose resistance. Fanon located the origins of mental distress in social injustice and oppression, and argued that therapy should help people challenge the oppressive forces in their lives through direct action.
Nimesh- Post colonial literature presentation
Frantz Fanon was a significant anti-colonial thinker from Martinique. In his book Black Skin, White Masks, he draws on his personal experiences with racism in France and Algeria to critically examine colonial politics and the psychology of racial oppression. Fanon explores how colonialism imposed rigid binaries of black and white identity, causing alienation. He analyzes the trauma of being viewed only through the white gaze and having to speak French to participate in colonial culture. Fanon's work was influential in developing theories of colonial inferiority complexes, resistance to cultural hegemony through language, and the dialectic relations of the colonizer and colonized.
RBG Introduction to Frantz Fanon Studies
Frantz Fanon was a psychiatrist, philosopher, and revolutionary from Martinique who made influential contributions to post-colonial studies and the psychology of oppression. He wrote two major works, Black Skin, White Masks and The Wretched of the Earth, which have inspired anti-colonial movements for over four decades. Fanon worked as a psychiatrist in Algeria but resigned when he saw that the colonial system prevented ethical psychiatric practice. He then joined the Algerian revolution and worked to support their struggle for independence until his death.
Post colonialism in Black skin,White mask
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This document discusses key concepts in postcolonial feminism. It begins by defining postcolonial feminism as a subset of feminism that seeks to study the effects of colonialism on non-Western women. It then examines Western views of non-Western women and criticisms of those views from a postcolonial feminist perspective. Specifically, it analyzes the politics of the veil and Western notions of "saving" women. The document also briefly discusses hybridity, Frantz Fanon's work, and critiques of postcolonial feminism.
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This document provides an overview of key concepts in postcolonialism, including colonialism and decolonization. It discusses how colonialism involved the physical and economic exploitation of colonies. Cultural imperialism spread colonial ideologies and asserted the cultural superiority of the colonizers. Examples discussed include Orientalism and how works like Heart of Darkness portrayed Africa and indigenous people. Decolonization involved independence movements starting in the mid-20th century. Postcolonial resistance includes strategies like separatism, cultural syncretism, recreating histories/identities, and appropriating colonial languages and forms.
what is post-colonialism?
This document provides an overview of postcolonialism and analyzes Frantz Fanon's book "Black Skin, White Masks" through a postcolonial lens. It defines colonialism as the extension of a nation's rule over foreign territories and populations. Postcolonialism refers to the period after colonial rule ends. Key postcolonial themes discussed include power, identity, race, and nationalism. The document then summarizes Fanon's book, noting it presents many problems faced by Black people under white racism, such as inferiority complexes, identity issues, and the desire to marry white partners. It analyzes how the book explores psychological dimensions of race and "color hegemony."
Postcolonial Pioneers in Cultural Studied ___by Akram Al-Quzahy
The document discusses five key pioneers of postcolonialism in cultural studies: Edward Said, Seyla Benhabib, Frantz Fanon, Homi Bhabha, and Gayatri Spivak. It provides a brief biographical overview and summary of each thinker's major contributions, such as Said's concept of Orientalism, Fanon's work on decolonization in The Wretched of the Earth, and Bhabha's theories of hybridity and cultural in-betweenness. The document concludes that all of these thinkers made important contributions to developing the field of postcolonial cultural studies by examining the relationship between culture, literature and their historical colonial contexts.
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This document discusses the difference between colonial and postcolonial literature. Colonial literature refers to works written during the colonial period that portrayed colonization positively from the colonizer's perspective. Postcolonial literature emerged after independence and challenges colonial perspectives by portraying the problems of colonization from the view of the colonized. The main difference is that colonial literature justified colonization while postcolonial literature critiques and resists colonialism.
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The document provides an overview of Franz Fanon's seminal work "The Wretched of the Earth". It was published in 1961 and discusses decolonization from the perspective of the colonized. Fanon argues that decolonization can only be achieved through violence as the colonizer will fear decolonization and the colonized will desire it. The colonial world is divided into two separate worlds - the colonizer and colonized, which are separated by military forces and different status.
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What Aspect Of Colonialism Does Fanon Focus On The Wretched Of The Earth "
Fanon focuses on the necessary role of violence in decolonization struggles in The Wretched of the Earth. He argues that colonial society is compartmentalized into the colonizer and colonized. Decolonization through negotiation only changes formalities, not power structures. True decolonization requires destroying everything colonial through a violent popular insurrection that will lead to a new national culture no longer defined by Europe.
SW critical seminar 3 fanon[1]
Franz Fanon was a Martiniquan psychiatrist and revolutionary theorist active in the Algerian revolution. He is best known for his books "Black Skin, White Masks" and "The Wretched of the Earth", which brought psychology and politics together and were key texts in post-colonial theory. Fanon argued that colonialism distorts the colonized subject's psyche and dehumanizes them, rendering them incapable of feeling human. He believed therapy should not promote adaptation to colonial domination but empower the individual to choose resistance. Fanon located the origins of mental distress in social injustice and oppression, and argued that therapy should help people challenge the oppressive forces in their lives through direct action.
Nimesh- Post colonial literature presentation
Frantz Fanon was a significant anti-colonial thinker from Martinique. In his book Black Skin, White Masks, he draws on his personal experiences with racism in France and Algeria to critically examine colonial politics and the psychology of racial oppression. Fanon explores how colonialism imposed rigid binaries of black and white identity, causing alienation. He analyzes the trauma of being viewed only through the white gaze and having to speak French to participate in colonial culture. Fanon's work was influential in developing theories of colonial inferiority complexes, resistance to cultural hegemony through language, and the dialectic relations of the colonizer and colonized.
RBG Introduction to Frantz Fanon Studies
Frantz Fanon was a psychiatrist, philosopher, and revolutionary from Martinique who made influential contributions to post-colonial studies and the psychology of oppression. He wrote two major works, Black Skin, White Masks and The Wretched of the Earth, which have inspired anti-colonial movements for over four decades. Fanon worked as a psychiatrist in Algeria but resigned when he saw that the colonial system prevented ethical psychiatric practice. He then joined the Algerian revolution and worked to support their struggle for independence until his death.
Post colonialism in Black skin,White mask
This document provides an overview and analysis of post-colonialism in Frantz Fanon's book "Black Skin, White Masks" from 1952. It discusses how the book examines the psychology of racism and the strange effects of white rule on black people's minds. Some key points made include that colonized languages were seen as indicating intelligence, black women were attracted to white men to gain acceptance in the white world, and black men kept relationships with white women to be considered equals. The document also analyzes Fanon's views on how black people were not considered fully human by white society and felt inferiority within white systems.
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This document discusses key concepts in postcolonial feminism. It begins by defining postcolonial feminism as a subset of feminism that seeks to study the effects of colonialism on non-Western women. It then examines Western views of non-Western women and criticisms of those views from a postcolonial feminist perspective. Specifically, it analyzes the politics of the veil and Western notions of "saving" women. The document also briefly discusses hybridity, Frantz Fanon's work, and critiques of postcolonial feminism.
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This document provides an overview of key concepts in postcolonialism, including colonialism and decolonization. It discusses how colonialism involved the physical and economic exploitation of colonies. Cultural imperialism spread colonial ideologies and asserted the cultural superiority of the colonizers. Examples discussed include Orientalism and how works like Heart of Darkness portrayed Africa and indigenous people. Decolonization involved independence movements starting in the mid-20th century. Postcolonial resistance includes strategies like separatism, cultural syncretism, recreating histories/identities, and appropriating colonial languages and forms.
what is post-colonialism?
This document provides an overview of postcolonialism and analyzes Frantz Fanon's book "Black Skin, White Masks" through a postcolonial lens. It defines colonialism as the extension of a nation's rule over foreign territories and populations. Postcolonialism refers to the period after colonial rule ends. Key postcolonial themes discussed include power, identity, race, and nationalism. The document then summarizes Fanon's book, noting it presents many problems faced by Black people under white racism, such as inferiority complexes, identity issues, and the desire to marry white partners. It analyzes how the book explores psychological dimensions of race and "color hegemony."
Postcolonial Pioneers in Cultural Studied ___by Akram Al-Quzahy
The document discusses five key pioneers of postcolonialism in cultural studies: Edward Said, Seyla Benhabib, Frantz Fanon, Homi Bhabha, and Gayatri Spivak. It provides a brief biographical overview and summary of each thinker's major contributions, such as Said's concept of Orientalism, Fanon's work on decolonization in The Wretched of the Earth, and Bhabha's theories of hybridity and cultural in-betweenness. The document concludes that all of these thinkers made important contributions to developing the field of postcolonial cultural studies by examining the relationship between culture, literature and their historical colonial contexts.
Postcolonial theory-and-litearature
The document provides an overview of postcolonial theory, which focuses on literature from colonized countries and how it relates to their interactions with colonizing powers. It discusses three key figures in postcolonial theory - Edward Said, Gayatri Spivak, and Homi Bhabha. Said introduced the concept of Orientalism to examine how Western powers represented colonized Asian and Middle Eastern cultures. Spivak and Bhabha also made major contributions through their works examining issues like gender and nationalism in colonized societies. The document then surveys examples of postcolonial literature from regions that experienced colonialism like Latin America, Africa, South Asia, and the Caribbean.
Postcolonial literature
Postcolonial literature is written by people from formerly colonized countries and exists on all continents except Antarctica. Some notable theorists who have contributed to postcolonial theory include Frantz Fanon, Edward Said, Gayatri Spivak, and Homi K. Bhabha. Their works analyze the nature of colonialism and its destructive effects as well as concepts like Orientalism and the subaltern. Exemplary works of postcolonial literature mentioned are Black Skin, White Masks by Fanon and Orientalism by Said.
Paper 11 postcolonial literature presentation
This document discusses the difference between colonial and postcolonial literature. Colonial literature refers to works written during the colonial period that portrayed colonization positively from the colonizer's perspective. Postcolonial literature emerged after independence and challenges colonial perspectives by portraying the problems of colonization from the view of the colonized. The main difference is that colonial literature justified colonization while postcolonial literature critiques and resists colonialism.
Postcolonialism
This document provides an overview of key concepts in post-colonialism and literature. It discusses theorists like Foucault, Gramsci, and Said and their ideas around discourse, power, hegemony, and orientalism. It also outlines approaches to analyzing literature through a post-colonial lens, such as rereading canonical works, studying representations of colonial subjects, and examining works from colonies. It defines post-colonialism and provides guidance on reading texts through a post-colonial framework. Finally, it briefly discusses concepts like mimicry, nation, and the relationship between colonialism and nationalism.
Post colonialism and feminism
The document discusses the concepts of patriarchy, colonialism, feminism, and postcolonial feminism. It examines how women experience oppression under both patriarchal systems and colonial rule, referred to as "double colonization." Several key points are made: postcolonial feminism emerged in response to Western feminism focusing solely on Western women's experiences; indigenous gender roles were often more equitable than those brought by colonizers; and nationalist movements often appropriated images of passive women while doing little to liberate women from patriarchal subordination. The document also notes that postcolonial theory risks perpetuating patriarchy if it does not consider gender issues.
Postcolonialism12
This document provides an overview of postcolonialism as a theoretical framework. It defines postcolonialism as examining the effects of colonialism and imperialism in formerly colonized societies, including how it has shaped their cultures, histories, and identities. It discusses key thinkers who developed postcolonial theory like Edward Said, Gayatri Spivak, Stuart Hall, and Homi Bhabha. It also summarizes some of the main concepts in postcolonialism, such as othering, resistance, hybridity, and how colonial identities were imposed.
Presentation 14 african literature
This document discusses the representation of women in African literature. It analyzes the portrayal of female characters in three novels: Things Fall Apart, A Grain of Wheat, and Waiting for the Barbarians. In Things Fall Apart, women have little representation and are portrayed as victims of the culture. A Grain of Wheat depicts women as playing remarkable roles in the rebellion, providing strength and courage. Waiting for the Barbarians features a "Barbarian girl" who symbolizes the colonized and is tortured and used as an object by the male characters. The document concludes that these novels represent women in different ways, from having little presence to being courageous leaders, showing the evolving roles of women in African societies and cultures.
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The Double V Campaign kicked the civil rights movement into high gear,
especially up North, and the long-awaited comprehensive study of the Negro
financed by the Carnegie Foundation kicked it into yet another gear, especially
down South.
In 1936, Carnegie Foundation president Frederick P. Keppel had briefly
considered some White American scholars when he had decided to heed
Cleveland mayor Newton Baker’s recommendation to sponsor a study on the
“infant race.” But there was almost no consideration of Zora Neale Hurston or
the elder statesmen, W. E. B. Du Bois and Carter G. Woodson. Although White
assimilationists and philanthropists were taking over the racial discourse in the
academy, they were customarily shutting out Black scholars as being too
subjective and biased to study Black people. It was amazing that the same
scholars and philanthropists who saw no problem with White scholars studying
White people had all these biased complaints when it came to Black scholars
studying Black people. But what would racist ideas be without contradictions.1
Carnegie officials drew up a list of only foreign European scholars and White
officials stationed in European colonies who they believed could complete the
study “in a wholly objective and dispassionate way.” They ended up selecting
the Swedish Nobel-laureate economist Gunnar Myrdal, bringing him to the
United States in 1938. With $300,000 in Carnegie funds, Myrdal employed a
classroom of leading Black and White scholars, including Frazier and Herskovits
—seemingly everyone except Hurston, Du Bois, and Woodson.2
In his two-volume, nearly 1,500-page study, published in 1944, Myrdal
shined an optimistic light on what he termed, in his title, An American Dilemma.
He identified the racial problem as a “moral problem,” as assimilationists long
had since the days of William Lloyd Garrison. White Americans display an
“astonishing ignorance about the Negro,” Myrdal wrote. Whites ignorantly
viewed Negroes as “criminal,” as having “loose sexual morals,” as “religious,”
as having “a gift for dancing and singing,” and as “the happy-go-lucky children
of nature.” Myrdal convinced himself—and many of his readers—that ignorance
had produced racist ideas, and that racist ideas had produced racist policies, and
therefore that “a great majority of white people in America would be prepared to
give the Negro a substantially better deal if they knew the facts.” W. E. B. Du
Bois probably shook his head when he read this pas.
African-American Criticism.pptx
The document summarizes the history and development of African-American criticism. It describes how African-American culture and literature were created in response to racism and as a means for African Americans to express themselves. It then outlines some of the major historical periods and influential works in African American literature from the 18th century through the 20th century, including the Post-Civil War era, Harlem Renaissance, and Civil Rights era. The document also highlights some important figures in African-American criticism such as Abdul JanMohamed and Henry Louis Gates Jr. and their contributions to the field.
The Movement Takes a New Turn
The civil rights movement split in the mid-1960s due to the rise of black nationalism and calls for black power led by Malcolm X and Stokely Carmichael which advocated for racial separation and black self-sufficiency rather than integration. This split the movement from groups like the NAACP and SCLC that pursued non-violent protest and integration. The tragic assassinations of MLK Jr. and RFK in 1968 further eroded hope in non-violent change and sparked riots across the country. However, the civil rights movement achieved its goal of ending legal segregation and saw more African Americans able to vote and get elected to political office, demonstrating its lasting legacy of progress toward racial equality.
Introduction to research paper
This document provides an introduction and overview for a research paper assignment on influential individuals who have positively changed the world. It lists potential research paper topics like Harriet Tubman, Martin Luther King Jr., Gandhi, and Jane Goodall. It then provides historical context on movements associated with these individuals, such as the Abolitionist Movement, Apartheid in South Africa, the American Civil Rights Movement, and more. Finally, it includes short biographies and impact summaries for some of the listed individuals to help guide further research.
Introduction to research paper
This document provides an introduction and overview for a research paper assignment on influential individuals who have positively changed the world. It lists potential research subjects and provides brief biographies and historical contexts for some of them. The document discusses movements and events like the Abolitionist movement, Apartheid in South Africa, the Holocaust, the American Civil Rights movement, and more. It aims to help students choose a research subject and understand the time period and impact of their work.
Racial discrimination, protest p pt
Black Americans/African American autobiographies have brought to fore the racial discrimination. Autobiographies of Booker T. Washington, Du Bois, Richard Wright and Gordon parks have highlighted this discrimination and the racial consciousness. These autobiographies are protest documents and express an intense urge for emancipation.
2.23.23 Malcolm X.pptx
This document provides biographical information on Malcolm X and discusses his significance. It notes that Malcolm X was the national spokesperson for the Nation of Islam (NOI) from 1952 until 1964 when he departed from the organization and converted to Sunni Islam. As spokesperson, he advocated for black nationalism, self-determination, and black pride. The document also summarizes key events in Malcolm X's life, including his involvement with the NOI, departure from the NOI, founding of the Organization of Afro-American Unity, and assassination in 1965 at the age of 39. It examines Malcolm X's evolving philosophies on black nationalism and revolution.
21.5--The Movement Takes a New Turn
Malcolm X rose to prominence in the Nation of Islam by preaching black separatism and self-reliance. He disagreed with the tactics of the civil rights movement and believed white society was oppressive. After leaving the Nation of Islam and making a pilgrimage to Mecca, Malcolm X wanted to work with civil rights leaders to advance racial issues. He was assassinated in 1965. The Black Power movement emerged advocating racial pride and immediate action led by figures like Stokely Carmichael and the Black Panthers. Urban riots broke out in response to ongoing racial injustices and the assassinations of Martin Luther King Jr. and Robert F. Kennedy in 1968 further undermined hopes for nonviolent change.
Slave Society
The slave trade was banned in 1808, but the enslaved black population still grew to 4 million by 1860 through reproduction. By then, there were around 250,000 freed blacks mostly in the upper South. Freed blacks faced restrictions on where they could work and live. Abolitionists like Theodore Dwight Weld, William Lloyd Garrison, and David Walker published works condemning slavery and calling for emancipation, while the American Colonization Society unsuccessfully tried to transport blacks to Africa. Southerners defended slavery and said it benefited blacks, while abolitionist speeches in the North angered mobs.
Post colonialism.pptx
Postcolonialism emerged as a result of over 4,000 years of European colonization of Africa and Asia. In the 19th century, Britain became the dominant imperial power and justified its brutal treatment of colonies. Decolonization began in the early 20th century as Britain started losing economic and social control. The 1950s marked the beginning of postcolonialism with India gaining independence from Britain, followed by Pakistan. Postcolonial theorists such as Fanon, Said, and Spivak examined the cultural, social, and psychological impacts of colonialism and addressed issues like identity, otherness, and hybridity that arose from the colonial experience.
American multiculturalism.
This document summarizes key events and writers in the development of American multiculturalism. It discusses the Watts race riots in 1965 and civil rights legislation passed in the 1960s. It then profiles influential African American, Latina/o, Native American, and Asian American writers who contributed to the emergence of ethnic literature and cultural studies in the United States. These include Ralph Ellison, Toni Morrison, Sandra Cisneros, M. Scott Momaday, Amy Tan, and others. The document examines the representation of different racial and ethnic groups in American arts and media over the 20th century.
The beat generation 1940s 1950s powerpoint
The Beat Generation was a group of American writers in the late 1940s-1950s who rebelled against conformity and mainstream culture. Key figures included Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg, and William S. Burroughs. They experimented with sexuality, Eastern religion, and drugs. Ginsberg's poem "Howl" came to define the Beat movement, chronicling the destruction of a generation. The Beat writers sought to defy conventions and write openly about their experiences on the margins of society.
Apush literature
Late 1940s literature saw a boom in book sales, with non-fiction novels about WWII thriving and most fiction exploring the postwar society. Notable works included Dr. Spock's Commonsense Book of Baby and Child Care and Shirley Jackson's The Lottery. The 1950s saw a rise in science fiction and novels examining the conflict between individuals and conformity. The 1960s reflected political and social issues like the civil rights movement in Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird. Literature in the 1970s explored a society drifting from spiritual roots, while the 1980s saw the rise of popular non-fiction bestsellers. Overall, American literature reflected the themes and culture of its time period.
Apush literature
Late 1940s literature saw a boom in book sales, with non-fiction novels about WWII thriving and most fiction exploring the postwar society. Notable works included Dr. Spock's Commonsense Book of Baby and Child Care and Shirley Jackson's The Lottery. The 1950s saw a rise in science fiction and novels examining the conflict between individuals and conformity. The 1960s reflected political and social issues like the civil rights movement in Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird. Literature in the 1970s explored a society drifting from spiritual roots, while the 1980s saw the rise of popular non-fiction bestsellers. Overall, American literature reflected the themes and culture of its time period.
A Brief History of Black Nationalism and RBG's Current Academic Contributions
The document provides a history of black nationalism and an overview of RBG's current academic contributions related to black nationalism. It discusses key figures in the development of black nationalism like Marcus Garvey, Malcolm X, and Frantz Fanon. It also summarizes organizations that advocated black nationalist ideologies like the Republic of New Afrika, the Uhuru Movement, and the Black Power movement. Finally, it outlines several online resources maintained by RBG that focus on topics related to black nationalism, history, culture, and political education.
2.22.24 Black Nationalism and the Nation of Islam.pptx
The Nation of Islam (NOI) was a Black nationalist movement founded in 1930 that sought to achieve freedom for Black Americans through Black self-sufficiency, racial pride, and political separatism. Led by Elijah Muhammad from 1934-1975, the NOI emphasized economic empowerment through Black-owned businesses, a cultural message of racial pride, and a theology that positioned Blacks as the original chosen people of God. Though advocating political separatism rather than integration, the NOI gained popularity in the 1960s by addressing the economic and social conditions facing poor urban Black communities, especially those in prisons.
2.21.23 Black Nationalism and the Nation of Islam.pptx
The Nation of Islam (NOI) promoted black nationalism and racial separatism beginning in the 1930s. Led by Elijah Muhammad, the NOI emphasized economic self-sufficiency, cultural pride, and moral propriety as keys to black liberation. It established businesses and temples that gave the NOI great influence in urban black communities. The NOI's message of racial pride and its focus on incarcerated black men made it appealing. Through the NOI, black nationalism became an important strategy within the broader black freedom struggle.
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A Brief History of Black Nationalism and RBG's Current Academic Contributions
A Brief History of Black Nationalism and RBG's Current Academic Contributions
2.22.24 Black Nationalism and the Nation of Islam.pptx
2.22.24 Black Nationalism and the Nation of Islam.pptx
2.21.23 Black Nationalism and the Nation of Islam.pptx
2.21.23 Black Nationalism and the Nation of Islam.pptx
More from karah515
21. postmodernism
Postmodernism rejects universal theories and meta-narratives in favor of local and contextual explanations. It is skeptical of ideas of progress, scientific truth, and cultural unity. Postmodernism sees identity as fragmented and emphasizes subcultures, image, and surface appearance over depth and originality. Postmodern art mixes styles, rejects notions of artistic purity, and blurs distinctions between high and popular culture. Postmodern thinkers deconstruct power structures and essentialist ideas of gender, sexuality, and race.
20. butler
Judith Butler is an American philosopher known for her work in feminism, queer theory, and political theory. Some of her major works examine gender and sexuality, challenging essentialist views. In Gender Trouble, she argues that gender is a social construct and performative, rather than determined by sex or biology. She asserts that there is no innate gender identity and that gender is formed through citational acts over time. Butler seeks to deconstruct notions of fixed gender and sexuality, viewing them as cultural rather than natural categories.
17 and 18. foucault, parts 1 & 2
Michel Foucault was a 20th century French philosopher known for his works analyzing the relationship between power and knowledge and how they are deployed in society. Some of his major works examined how concepts like madness, medicine, and sexuality are socially constructed. In his work The History of Sexuality, Foucault argued that sexuality became a central part of personal identity in modern Western societies as it became medically categorized and regulated through various institutions seeking to define normalcy and deviance. He analyzed how power operates through subtle controls and surveillance rather than direct force, using the metaphor of the panopticon prison to represent modern disciplinary society.
16. barthes & hall
This document provides an overview of cultural theorists Stuart Hall and Roland Barthes. It discusses Stuart Hall's work on encoding and decoding messages in media and how audiences do not passively receive information. It also outlines Roland Barthes' work on how dominant ideologies present themselves as natural through images and myth-making. Specifically, it explains Barthes' view of myth as a communication system that removes the reader from an active role and constructs ideas as inherent truths.
13. de beauvoir
Simone de Beauvoir was a French writer and philosopher who was heavily influenced by existentialism and Jean-Paul Sartre. She wrote The Second Sex in 1949, which argued that women are socially constructed as the "other" in a patriarchal society, and that this socialization is the root cause of women's oppression, not their biology. De Beauvoir asserted that one is not born a woman but becomes one, and that both individual and social change are needed for women's liberation.
12. adorno
The Frankfurt School was an institute founded in Germany in the 1920s that included thinkers like Theodor Adorno, Max Horkheimer, Herbert Marcuse, and others. They critiqued concepts from the Enlightenment like rationality, progress, and domination of nature. They argued that the Enlightenment created its own "myths" and that modern society lives in an era of unfreedom and violence due to "instrumental rationality." They also critiqued mass culture and the culture industry, arguing it led to increasing uniformity and standardization of products that created artificial needs and passivity in individuals in order to reinforce the capitalist system.
11. benjamin
1) You are shocked and overwhelmed by the beauty and skill of Botticelli's The Birth of Venus as a chambermaid from a peasant family serving the wealthy de Medici's.
2) As a young shop assistant from a small village seeing the Mona Lisa for the first time at the Louvre in 1910, you are in awe of da Vinci's masterpiece and the prestige and sophistication of Paris.
3) In 2018 as a new graphic designer, you feel uncomfortable with your colleague's poster of Klimt's The Kiss hanging over your shared desk as intimate artwork in a professional workspace.
10.5 age of progress & anxiety
The late 1800s and early 1900s saw unprecedented changes across Western societies including mass production, mass consumption enabled by new industries, widespread mass education to fuel these new economies, the rise of mass politics as more groups gained the right to vote, and new forms of mass leisure activities. However, this period of rapid economic and social progress also coincided with growing anxieties about these changes and their effects on individuals and traditional ways of life.
10. freud
In his work Civilization and its Discontents, Sigmund Freud applies his psychoanalytic theories about individual psychology to whole societies. He questions why human beings are so miserable in modern civilization and argues that the central problem is maintaining a balance between individual desires and the demands of society. Freud proposes that civilization arises from two drives in human nature: Eros, the life drive, and Thanatos, the death drive. Society controls the individual through internalized discipline and fear of losing love from the community.
9. nietzsche
Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) was a German philosopher who is known for proclaiming the death of God and developing the concepts of master morality, slave morality, and ressentiment. In his "Parable of the Madman," Nietzsche describes a madman who declares that God is dead and laments who will wipe away this blood from humanity as the murderers of God. Nietzsche analyzed the development of morality from master morality defined by the powerful to slave morality defined in reaction and resentment against the masters. He argued that each person must develop their own moral code through rational reflection and affirmation of life rather than adopting universal morality.
7. marx, part 2
Marx analyzed history and society through the lens of class struggle. He believed that throughout history, society has been divided into opposing classes such as slave and master, peasant and aristocrat, and most currently, bourgeoisie and proletariat. Marx argued that the capitalist system established by the bourgeoisie, while advancing technology and industry, has created new forms of oppression and inequality. He predicted that recurring economic crises under capitalism would grow increasingly severe and ultimately lead to its demise, to be replaced by a socialist and communist society without classes.
6. marx, part 1
This document provides an overview of key aspects of Karl Marx's critique of capitalism. It discusses Marx's view that the industrial revolution led to alienating forms of labor under capitalism where workers are estranged from their work and its products. Marx argued that under capitalism, labor becomes a means to survival rather than a means of self-affirmation. The document also summarizes Marx's views on commodity fetishism and how the capitalist system obscures the actual human labor that goes into producing commodities.
5. hegel
This document discusses the German philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and his ideas about history and dialectic. It examines how Hegel viewed history as being driven by ideas and the dialectic process of thesis, antithesis, and synthesis. It also analyzes Susan Buck-Morss's work connecting Hegel's philosophy to the Haitian Revolution and how slavery and the Enlightenment ideals of freedom were in tension.
4. rousseau
Rousseau believed that humans in a state of nature were solitary yet inherently good and driven by instincts of survival. In civilization, humans become competitive, greedy, and power-hungry due to political inequalities. While walking in the forest, Rousseau contemplated stripping away pretenses to see humanity's true nature, and how civilization has distorted it for the worse. In his work "Confessions", Rousseau resolved to present himself truthfully to show his fellow man an example of natural humanity, claiming he was unlike anyone else in the world.
3. kant, wollstonecraft, truth
This document discusses the views of Immanuel Kant, Mary Wollstonecraft, and Sojourner Truth on education and reason. It examines Kant's definition of enlightenment and his views on how individuals can use reason. It also looks at Wollstonecraft's views on how women were socialized and educated at the time, and how this was harmful. Finally, it considers Truth's perspectives on gender, race, and the connection between reason and rights.
Course Introduction: 1930s America & Hollywood
This document provides an introduction to a course on art and history during the "Long 1930s." It discusses the context of the 1920s in America, including prosperity, new consumer goods, and a culture of exuberance. It then outlines how the 1930s was defined by the Great Depression and explores mass culture during this period, focusing on radio and the movie-going experience. It includes a quote that describes the split personality of Depression culture between grappling with economic disaster and creating entertainment as a form of escapism and coming to terms with hard times.
Enlightenment review; Descartes & Locke
The document discusses several key aspects of the Enlightenment period in Europe including the questioning of religious and political authorities, the spread of scientific revolution and rationalism, and the emergence of skepticism and emphasis on human reason. It also notes tensions around the universal application of reason and whether it applied equally to all groups of people.
Jameson
Fredric Jameson is an American literary critic and Marxist cultural theorist known for his analyses of cultural production through a Marxist lens. Some of his major works examine postmodernism and its relationship to late stage capitalism. He argues that postmodernism rejects grand narratives and totalizing theories in favor of local and contingent perspectives. It also reflects a weakening of connections to history, a focus on surface level images and signifiers over depth, and the fragmentation of identity. Jameson analyzes how postmodern culture in late capitalism reflects features like the breakdown of high and low culture, a weakening of our ties to history through nostalgia, and a sense of superficiality and depthlessness in popular culture.
Japanese interment; Atomic Bomb Culture
- In the early 1940s, over 120,000 people of Japanese ancestry living on the West Coast of the US were forcibly relocated to internment camps by the US government due to fears following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.
- Photographer Dorothea Lange documented the forced removal and internment of Japanese Americans through a series of photographs showing families registering for evacuation, awaiting transport to assembly centers and internment camps, and daily life inside the camps.
- The internment camps were run by the War Relocation Authority and held people of Japanese ancestry for the duration of World War II, from 1942 to 1945, despite them posing no security threat to the United States.
Issues of Race & Ethnicity During WWII
During WWII, various organizations and the federal government promoted cultural pluralism and tolerance to link these ideals to national unity. They aimed to address perceived dangers from recent white immigrant groups, and potential disloyalty, through strategies like the Double V Campaign. However, linking tolerance to unity also had conservative implications, discounting other issues in the emphasis on brotherhood. Specifically, independent groups and the government promoted messages of unity through examples like the Double V Campaign, which called for victory over fascism abroad and racial discrimination at home. Meanwhile, the federal government addressed concerns about recent white immigrants through assimilation strategies.
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14. fanon & baldwin
- 1. Black Existentialism: Frantz Fanon & James Baldwin HTH 1002 History of Though II Kara Heitz
- 2. Black Existentialism • Black existentialism • Similar perspective as existentialists like Sartre • But … focus not individual freedom but liberation of all peoples of color • Historical context: • Western colonialism & imperialism • Decolonization & independence struggles • Civil Rights movement in US • Western views of the “other” • Self/Other dichotomy
- 5. The Black Atlantic Diaspora
- 6. Black Existentialism • Black existentialism • Similar perspective as existentialists like Sartre • But … focus not individual freedom but liberation of all peoples of color • Historical context: • Western colonialism & imperialism • Decolonization & independence struggles • Civil Rights movement in US • Western views of the “other” • Self/Other dichotomy
- 7. Frantz Fanon • Born in French Caribbean colony of Martinique • Psychiatrist, philosopher, political activist • Marx, Freud, Sartre • Influenced anti-colonial movements and postcolonial thinkers • Black Skins, White Masks (1952) • The Wretched of the Earth (1961)
- 8. “Black Skins, White Masks” • “Look, a negro” incident • Self/other in context of colonization • Colonial self • Fractured identity of colonized peoples • Alienated sense of self • People of color as objects and not full subjects • Psychology of racism for whites • “The black man has no ontological resistance in the eyes of the white man” • Structural power of whiteness
- 9. James Baldwin (1924-1987) • American novelist, essayist, playwright, poet, and social critic • Writings explore dynamics of race, class, and sexuality in America • Spent much of his life living abroad • Major literary voice of the civil rights movement • Major works: • Go Tell It On The Mountain (1953) • Notes Of A Native Son (1955) • Giovanni’s Room (1956) • The Fire Next Time (1963) • Blues for Mister Charlie (1964) • No Name In The Street (1972) • The Devil Finds Work (1976) • The Price of the Ticket (1985) • Baldwin and Postcolonialism?
- 10. “A Stranger in the Village” • What are the villagers’ reactions to Baldwin as a black man? Why do they react this way? • “… there is a great difference between being the first white man to be seen by Africans and being the first black man to be seen by whites” • “… It is one of the ironies of black-white relations that, by means of what the white man imagines the black man to be, the black man is enabled to know who the white man is” • How does Baldwin use his experiences in the small Swiss village to reflect on race in America?