Apush literature
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Late 1940s literature saw a boom in book sales, with non-fiction novels about WWII thriving and most fiction exploring the postwar society. Notable works included Dr. Spock's Commonsense Book of Baby and Child Care and Shirley Jackson's The Lottery. The 1950s saw a rise in science fiction and novels examining the conflict between individuals and conformity. The 1960s reflected political and social issues like the civil rights movement in Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird. Literature in the 1970s explored a society drifting from spiritual roots, while the 1980s saw the rise of popular non-fiction bestsellers. Overall, American literature reflected the themes and culture of its time period.
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The counterculture and reform movements
The counterculture movement began in the late 1950s and early 1960s as a reaction against the conservative 1950s and the threat of nuclear war. Led by the Beat Generation in New York and San Francisco, the counterculture rejected materialism and experimented with jazz, drugs, sex, and Eastern religions through literary works like Howl by Allen Ginsberg and On the Road by Jack Kerouac. The movement influenced psychedelic art and music in the 1960s, with LSD being promoted by figures like Timothy Leary before being made illegal in 1966. By the late 1960s, the counterculture had grown to include rock music and anti-war protests, but began to decline with drug overdoses and
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Miguel Ángel Asturias was a Guatemalan writer born in 1899. He grew up under the dictatorship of Manuel Estrada Cabrera and his family was negatively impacted. This led Asturias to write books criticizing Latin American dictatorships. One such book was "The President" published in 1946, for which he won the Nobel Peace Prize. The book references the psychological toll that life under a dictator has on people, representing it through devices like the daydreams of characters. It can be assumed the dictator Asturias referenced was Estrada Cabrera given the time period and author's experiences.
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Chapter 12 Reflection
Charles Grandison Finney – an evangelistic Presbyterian minister who became the most influential revival leader of the 1820s and 1830s.
Frederick Douglass – the greatest African American of all – and one of the most electrifying orators of his time, black or white – was Frederick Douglass. Born a slave in Maryland, Douglass escaped to Massachusetts in 1838, became an outspoken leader of anti-slavery sentiment. On his return to the United States in 1847, Douglass purchased his freedom from his Maryland owner and founded an antislavery newspaper, the North Star, in Rochester, New York. Douglass demanded for African Americans not only freedom but full social and economic social equality as well.
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Horace Mann – the greatest of educational reformers was Horace Mann, the first secretary of the Massachusetts Board of Education, which was established in 1837. To Mann, education was the only way to “counterwork this tendency to the domination of capital and the servility of labor.” He reorganized the Massachusetts school system, lengthened the academic year (to six months, doubled teachers’ salaries, enriched the curriculum, and introduced new methods of professional training for teachers.
Joseph Smith - Mormonism began in upstate New York as a result of the efforts of Joseph Smith, a young, energetic, but economically unsuccessful man, who had spent most oh his twenty-four years moving restlessly through New England and the Northeast. In 1830, he published the Book of Mormon that told a story of an ancient and successful civilization in America, peopled by one of the lost tribes of Israel who had found their way to the New World centuries before Columbus.
Shakers – made a redefinition of traditional sexuality and gender roles central to their society and even embraced the idea of a God who was not clearly male or female.
Transcendentalism - idealistic philosophical and social movement that taught that divinity pervades all nature and humanity.
Walt Whitman - the self-proclaimed poet of American democracy, was the son of a Lon Island carpenter and lived for many years roaming from place to place, doing odd jobs, while writing poetry. In his large body of poems, Whitman not only helped liberate verse from traditional, restrictive conventions but also helped express the soaring spirit of individualisms that characterized his age.
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CHAPTER 28
Freedom Brand
LIKE MANY ACTIVISTS, W. E. B. Du Bois reeled from the height of the Nazi
Holocaust of Jews and other non-Aryans. After the United States entered World
War II in 1942, Du Bois felt energized by Black America’s “Double V
Campaign”: victory against racism at home, and victory against fascism abroad.
The Double V Campaign kicked the civil rights movement into high gear,
especially up North, and the long-awaited comprehensive study of the Negro
financed by the Carnegie Foundation kicked it into yet another gear, especially
down South.
In 1936, Carnegie Foundation president Frederick P. Keppel had briefly
considered some White American scholars when he had decided to heed
Cleveland mayor Newton Baker’s recommendation to sponsor a study on the
“infant race.” But there was almost no consideration of Zora Neale Hurston or
the elder statesmen, W. E. B. Du Bois and Carter G. Woodson. Although White
assimilationists and philanthropists were taking over the racial discourse in the
academy, they were customarily shutting out Black scholars as being too
subjective and biased to study Black people. It was amazing that the same
scholars and philanthropists who saw no problem with White scholars studying
White people had all these biased complaints when it came to Black scholars
studying Black people. But what would racist ideas be without contradictions.1
Carnegie officials drew up a list of only foreign European scholars and White
officials stationed in European colonies who they believed could complete the
study “in a wholly objective and dispassionate way.” They ended up selecting
the Swedish Nobel-laureate economist Gunnar Myrdal, bringing him to the
United States in 1938. With $300,000 in Carnegie funds, Myrdal employed a
classroom of leading Black and White scholars, including Frazier and Herskovits
—seemingly everyone except Hurston, Du Bois, and Woodson.2
In his two-volume, nearly 1,500-page study, published in 1944, Myrdal
shined an optimistic light on what he termed, in his title, An American Dilemma.
He identified the racial problem as a “moral problem,” as assimilationists long
had since the days of William Lloyd Garrison. White Americans display an
“astonishing ignorance about the Negro,” Myrdal wrote. Whites ignorantly
viewed Negroes as “criminal,” as having “loose sexual morals,” as “religious,”
as having “a gift for dancing and singing,” and as “the happy-go-lucky children
of nature.” Myrdal convinced himself—and many of his readers—that ignorance
had produced racist ideas, and that racist ideas had produced racist policies, and
therefore that “a great majority of white people in America would be prepared to
give the Negro a substantially better deal if they knew the facts.” W. E. B. Du
Bois probably shook his head when he read this pas.
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Similar to Apush literature
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Frederick Douglass – the greatest African American of all – and one of the most electrifying orators of his time, black or white – was Frederick Douglass. Born a slave in Maryland, Douglass escaped to Massachusetts in 1838, became an outspoken leader of anti-slavery sentiment. On his return to the United States in 1847, Douglass purchased his freedom from his Maryland owner and founded an antislavery newspaper, the North Star, in Rochester, New York. Douglass demanded for African Americans not only freedom but full social and economic social equality as well.
Henry David Thoreau – leading Concord transcendentalist. Thoreau went even further in repudiating the repressive forces of society. He produced the ideas that individuals should work for self-realization by resisting pressures to conform to society’s expectations and responding instead to their instincts. Thoreau’s own efforts to free himself – immortalized in is most famous book, Walden – led him to build a small cabin in the Concord woods on the edge of Walden Pond, where he lived alone for two years as simply as he could.
Horace Mann – the greatest of educational reformers was Horace Mann, the first secretary of the Massachusetts Board of Education, which was established in 1837. To Mann, education was the only way to “counterwork this tendency to the domination of capital and the servility of labor.” He reorganized the Massachusetts school system, lengthened the academic year (to six months, doubled teachers’ salaries, enriched the curriculum, and introduced new methods of professional training for teachers.
Joseph Smith - Mormonism began in upstate New York as a result of the efforts of Joseph Smith, a young, energetic, but economically unsuccessful man, who had spent most oh his twenty-four years moving restlessly through New England and the Northeast. In 1830, he published the Book of Mormon that told a story of an ancient and successful civilization in America, peopled by one of the lost tribes of Israel who had found their way to the New World centuries before Columbus.
Shakers – made a redefinition of traditional sexuality and gender roles central to their society and even embraced the idea of a God who was not clearly male or female.
Transcendentalism - idealistic philosophical and social movement that taught that divinity pervades all nature and humanity.
Walt Whitman - the self-proclaimed poet of American democracy, was the son of a Lon Island carpenter and lived for many years roaming from place to place, doing odd jobs, while writing poetry. In his large body of poems, Whitman not only helped liberate verse from traditional, restrictive conventions but also helped express the soaring spirit of individualisms that characterized his age.
Ralph Waldo Emerson – a Unitarian minister in his youth, Emerson left the church i ...
The beat generation 1940s 1950s powerpoint
The Beat Generation was a group of American writers in the late 1940s-1950s who rebelled against conformity and mainstream culture. Key figures included Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg, and William S. Burroughs. They experimented with sexuality, Eastern religion, and drugs. Ginsberg's poem "Howl" came to define the Beat movement, chronicling the destruction of a generation. The Beat writers sought to defy conventions and write openly about their experiences on the margins of society.
Facts, Fiction, and Freedom
The document discusses the contributions of several authors to the civil rights movements through their fictional and autobiographical works depicting slavery and the struggle for freedom. Popular works included Uncle Tom's Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain, and novels by Richard Wright, Ernest Gaines, Margaret Walker, and Toni Morrison. These authors conveyed the harsh realities of slavery and aimed to increase understanding of the African American experience and promote the cause of civil rights.
CHAPTER28FreedomBrandLIKE MANY ACTIVISTS, W. E..docx
CHAPTER 28
Freedom Brand
LIKE MANY ACTIVISTS, W. E. B. Du Bois reeled from the height of the Nazi
Holocaust of Jews and other non-Aryans. After the United States entered World
War II in 1942, Du Bois felt energized by Black America’s “Double V
Campaign”: victory against racism at home, and victory against fascism abroad.
The Double V Campaign kicked the civil rights movement into high gear,
especially up North, and the long-awaited comprehensive study of the Negro
financed by the Carnegie Foundation kicked it into yet another gear, especially
down South.
In 1936, Carnegie Foundation president Frederick P. Keppel had briefly
considered some White American scholars when he had decided to heed
Cleveland mayor Newton Baker’s recommendation to sponsor a study on the
“infant race.” But there was almost no consideration of Zora Neale Hurston or
the elder statesmen, W. E. B. Du Bois and Carter G. Woodson. Although White
assimilationists and philanthropists were taking over the racial discourse in the
academy, they were customarily shutting out Black scholars as being too
subjective and biased to study Black people. It was amazing that the same
scholars and philanthropists who saw no problem with White scholars studying
White people had all these biased complaints when it came to Black scholars
studying Black people. But what would racist ideas be without contradictions.1
Carnegie officials drew up a list of only foreign European scholars and White
officials stationed in European colonies who they believed could complete the
study “in a wholly objective and dispassionate way.” They ended up selecting
the Swedish Nobel-laureate economist Gunnar Myrdal, bringing him to the
United States in 1938. With $300,000 in Carnegie funds, Myrdal employed a
classroom of leading Black and White scholars, including Frazier and Herskovits
—seemingly everyone except Hurston, Du Bois, and Woodson.2
In his two-volume, nearly 1,500-page study, published in 1944, Myrdal
shined an optimistic light on what he termed, in his title, An American Dilemma.
He identified the racial problem as a “moral problem,” as assimilationists long
had since the days of William Lloyd Garrison. White Americans display an
“astonishing ignorance about the Negro,” Myrdal wrote. Whites ignorantly
viewed Negroes as “criminal,” as having “loose sexual morals,” as “religious,”
as having “a gift for dancing and singing,” and as “the happy-go-lucky children
of nature.” Myrdal convinced himself—and many of his readers—that ignorance
had produced racist ideas, and that racist ideas had produced racist policies, and
therefore that “a great majority of white people in America would be prepared to
give the Negro a substantially better deal if they knew the facts.” W. E. B. Du
Bois probably shook his head when he read this pas.
Presentation on Huckleberry Finn by Mehwish Ali Khan
This document provides an overview and analysis of Mark Twain's iconic novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. It discusses the biographical context of Twain and the setting of the novel. Key points covered include the book's themes of hypocrisy in civilized society, Huck's moral and psychological development, its use of realism and regionalism, and its significance as one of the first American novels written in vernacular English. The document also examines criticism of the novel for its portrayal of race and use of racial slurs.
Romantic Period & Women Reformers Writers
The document discusses the Romantic period in America and some prominent women writers and reformers from that era. It notes that the Romantic period featured dark themes like guilt and sin in works by authors like Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville, and Edgar Allan Poe. It then outlines how in the 19th century, women like Lydia Child, Angelina and Sarah Grimke, and Elizabeth Cady Stanton fought for women's rights and abolition through networks, writing, and organizing the first women's rights convention. The document also discusses abolitionist works by Harriet Beecher Stowe, Harriet Jacobs, Frederick Douglass, and others who drew attention to the injustices of slavery through narratives and novels
Modernism age
Modernism was an international literary and cultural movement in the early 20th century marked by experimentation with form and a rejection of absolute knowledge. It arose amidst significant historical events like World Wars and social changes like women gaining the right to vote. Major influences included Einstein's theory of relativity and Freud's work in psychology. Themes in modern literature explored disillusionment, violence, and the breakdown of social norms. Characteristics included open and experimental forms, discontinuity, and intertextuality. Major modernist writers included Virginia Woolf, T.S. Eliot, James Joyce, and D.H. Lawrence.
Romanticism in british literature2
The document discusses the key ideas and figures of the Romanticism movement in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. It emerged as a reaction against the Industrial Revolution and emphasized nature, emotion, imagination, and the supernatural over science and reason. Major Romantic writers included William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, William Blake, Lord Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley, and Mary Shelley. Their works focused on themes of individualism, childhood innocence, and a reverence for nature.
The counterculture and reform movements
The Beat generation of the late 1950s and early 1960s reacted against the conservative 1950s culture, the Cold War, and the threat of nuclear war. Key figures like Allen Ginsberg, Jack Kerouac, and William S. Burroughs experimented with drugs, sex, Eastern religions and produced influential literary works like Howl, On the Road, and Naked Lunch that rejected materialism and censorship. In the 1960s, the New Left movement opposed the Vietnam War and focused on civil rights, while the counterculture embraced freedom, equality, and rejected authoritarianism. Events like the Summer of Love in 1967 and music of bands like the Beatles and Jimi Hendrix further popularized the counterc
The Madwoman in the Attic
This document provides biographical information about literary critics Sandra Gilbert and Susan Gubar, and summarizes their landmark 1979 book "The Madwoman in the Attic". The book analyzes how 19th century patriarchal society imposed strict gender roles that oppressed women and influenced female authors. It explores how women writers struggled for artistic self-definition within this context, experiencing "anxiety of authorship" in having to establish their authority and rewrite social conventions. The document also reviews the historical women's rights movements of the 19th and early 20th centuries that aimed to challenge women's subordinate status in society.
Lesson 35
This document provides summaries of important books, documents, and authors from the 18th through 20th centuries in the United States and England. Some of the key works and authors summarized include Thomas Paine's "Common Sense," the Declaration of Independence written by Thomas Jefferson, Adam Smith's "Wealth of Nations," the Federalist Papers written under the pseudonym "Publius" by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay, Frederick Douglass' "Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave," Upton Sinclair's "The Jungle," Rachel Carson's "Silent Spring," Betty Friedan's "The Feminine Mystique," and Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein's "All the
Feminism- The concept and literature
This document discusses the history and development of feminism and feminist literary criticism. It outlines how traditional gender roles portrayed women as emotional, weak, nurturing and submissive while men were seen as rational, strong, protective and decisive. Early feminist thinkers like Mary Wollstonecraft argued women should have equal rights. Later authors like Virginia Woolf and Simone de Beauvoir examined how patriarchal societies define women in relation to men. The document also discusses the work of feminist critics like Elaine Showalter who argued for a feminist literary criticism focused on examining women's writing through a female framework. It provides examples of genres and historical periods feminist criticism has been applied to.
American romanticism
American Romanticism was a literary movement that emerged in response to industrialization and emphasized emotion, nature, and the individual. Notable authors of the period included Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, Edgar Allan Poe, and Nathaniel Hawthorne, who wrote about transcendentalism, nationalism vs. sectionalism, and the dark side of human nature. The movement also saw the rise of popular poets like Henry Wadsworth Longfellow who celebrated American culture and heritage.
The Feminist Mystique 50 Years Later
The document analyzes representations of women and feminism in new media since the publication of Betty Friedan's seminal book "The Feminine Mystique" 50 years ago. It examines how the book described women's unhappiness in traditional gender roles in the 1950s and 1960s. It also discusses how feminist theory views the role of media in reinforcing gender stereotypes. Finally, it analyzes contemporary Pinterest pins discussing the book's impact and ongoing relevance to discussions of women's issues.
The black power movement
The document discusses the origins and key figures of the Black Power movement in the 1960s, including Malcolm X, Stokely Carmichael, and the Black Panther Party, as well as the rise of black activism on college campuses, black artistic expression through literature and music, and the development of black feminism in response to criticisms of the black family structure. As the movement grew, it led to increasing riots and civil unrest across major U.S. cities as African Americans fought for their voices to be heard on social and political issues.
Feminist theory
This document outlines the history and key concepts of feminist theory. It discusses three waves of feminism focused on equal legal rights, cultural and political inequalities, and post-colonial feminism. Several influential feminist texts are mentioned, including works by Mary Wollstonecraft, Simone de Beauvoir, Judith Butler, and others. The document also covers major feminist perspectives like liberal, radical, Marxist, and postcolonial feminism as well as the work of theorists like Hélène Cixous, Kate Millett, and Elaine Showalter.
Timeline Presentation Real Final
The document provides a timeline of major eras in American literature from the Puritan era in the 1600s to the contemporary era. It includes the key authors, works, events, and movements that defined each era, such as Puritan writings in the 1600s, Revolutionary works in the 1700s, Romanticism and Transcendentalism in the 1800s, the Harlem Renaissance and World War I/II in the early 1900s, and the Civil Rights movement in the mid-1900s. The document is organized by era for easy navigation of American literary history.
Mc kay, hurston
Claude McKay was a prominent Harlem Renaissance writer known for his poetry and novels published in the 1920s-1930s. His novel Home to Harlem (1928) was widely popular but also controversial, praised by white critics for its depictions of Harlem life but condemned by some black leaders for focusing too much on sexuality and "vice." Zora Neale Hurston was also a pivotal Harlem Renaissance figure, collecting folklore and publishing works like Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937) which celebrated black culture but was criticized by some for avoiding issues of racism. Both McKay and Hurston pushed boundaries in their portrayals of African Americans but faced criticism from some in the black community.
Civ, anti salvery movement
The abolitionist movement in the United States had both religious and ideological origins. It was influenced by evangelical Christianity, feminism, and novels like Uncle Tom's Cabin. Key figures included Bishop William Fleetwood, who denounced slavery, Theodore Dwight Weld and Denmark Vesey, who were early abolitionist crusaders. The movement gained momentum in the 1830s when women like Maria Miller Stewart, Sojourner Truth, and Harriet Tubman became involved in anti-slavery societies and the Underground Railroad. Harriet Beecher Stowe's 1852 novel Uncle Tom's Cabin, which sold over 300,000 copies in its first year, brought the harsh realities of slavery to many Americans and further propelled
14. fanon & baldwin
This document discusses black existentialism through the works of Frantz Fanon and James Baldwin. It summarizes that black existentialism shares similarities with existentialist philosophers like Sartre but focuses on the liberation of all people of color rather than individual freedom. It provides biographical context of Fanon and Baldwin, outlining their major works and influences. Both writers examined issues of colonialism, racism, and identity from the perspective of being black in a white-dominated world.
Similar to Apush literature (20)
Chapter 12 ReflectionCharles Grandison Finney – an evangelistic .docx
Chapter 12 ReflectionCharles Grandison Finney – an evangelistic .docx
CHAPTER28FreedomBrandLIKE MANY ACTIVISTS, W. E..docx
CHAPTER28FreedomBrandLIKE MANY ACTIVISTS, W. E..docx
Presentation on Huckleberry Finn by Mehwish Ali Khan
Presentation on Huckleberry Finn by Mehwish Ali Khan
Apush literature
- 1. Literature
- 2. Late 1940’s
- 3. Books sales went from 1 million to over 12 million. The non-Fiction novels based on World War II thrived. Most Fiction revolved around the society of the time.
- 4. The Commonsense Book of Baby and Child Care Written by Dr. Benjamin Spock Was published due to the population growth of 28 million. 97% of growth was in urban and suburban areas. Sold an Average of one million copies a year, between 1946-1960 It was considered to have changed families and their development.
- 5. The Lottery Written by Shirley Jackson Published in 1948 Symbolized how normal, nice people could allow something like the holocaust.
- 6. Cult of Feminine Domesticity MaryniaFarnham wrote Modern Woman: The Lost Sex in 1947 Her novel suggested that science supported the idea that women‘s true destiny was in domesticity.
- 7. Death of a Salesman Written by Arthur Miller in 1949 Explored the theme of loneliness and struggles of the common man
- 8. Other notable works of the late 1940’s The Human Comedy by William Saroyan Tackles the prejudice against WWII Black Boy (1945) by Richard Wright Wright was prosectued by the government over communist affiliation and was sent to Paris in 1945, however, he earned acclaim for his books
- 9. 1950’s
- 10. Science Fiction Science fiction became more popular Isaac Asimov’s I, Robot was published in 1950 Ray Bradbury’s The Martian Chronicle explored space travel
- 11. Conflict between the individual and mass society The Catcher in the Rye (1951) by J.D. Salinger From Here to Eternity (1951) by James Jones Catch-22(1955) by Joseph Heller The Adventures of Augie March (1953) by Saul Bellow
- 12. Homogeneity The quality of being similar or comparable in nature Authors were concerned with conformity The lonely crowd ( 1950) by David Riesman The Organizational Man (1956) by William Whyte Man in the Grey Flannel Suit (1955) by Sloan Wilson
- 13. Religion The Power of Positive Thinking (1952) by Norman Vincent Peale- represented the tendency of religion to emphasize reassurance. Supported the power of the individual to control their fate, as well as Bishop Fulton J. Protestant-Catholic-Jew (1955) by Will Herberg- argued that popular religion lacked conviction and commitment. Reinhold Niebuhr- the leading neo-orthodox theologian who criticized the self-centeredness of popular religion and its failure to recognize the reality of sin.
- 14. The Beats A.K.A Beatniks Beats were a group of young men alienated by 20th century life Emphasized alcohol, drugs, sex, jazz, buddhism, and a restless vagabond life From the movement emerged literary works such as: Howl(1956) by Allen Ginsburg *a long poem* On the Road (1957) by Jack Kerouac Other Beat authors: Gregory Corso, Neal Cassady, Michael McClure, Gary Snyder, and William Burroughs
- 15. 1960’s
- 16. Political and social issues of the 60s in America were reflected in it’s Literature
- 17. To Kill a Mockingbird Witten by Harper Lee Published In 1960 It explored the distinction between race in society
- 18. Feminism Betty Friedan's Feminine Mystique argued that the middle-class society stifled women and did not allow them to use their individual talents. She attacked the cult of domesticity. Published in 1963 Gwendolyn brooks, Maya Angelou and Margaret Walker Alexander also developed new views on feminism.
- 19. 1970’s
- 20. Most literature was based on the idea that people were straying from their spiritual roots
- 21. Authors John Updike- made characters that attempted to find meaning in a society which was decaying spiritually. Joyce Carol Oates- used the same technique as Updike Kurt Vonnegut- explored society and its need for power and material matter Toni Morrison- wrote of the Black American experience. Others were Sam Shepard, Lanford Wilson, David Mamet, Christopher Durang, and Neil Simon
- 22. Early 1980’s
- 23. Non fiction Non fiction books became best-sellers. For example: All I Really Needed to Know I Learned in Kindergarten by Robert Fulgham, and in The Beverly Hills Diet by Judy Mazel
- 24. Authors Popular Fiction authors: Ken Follett, Robert Ludlum, Frederick Forsyth, Martin Cruz Smith
- 25. Ending Statements Literature helped spread ideas and thoughts throughout the nation. The themes of American society and culture were reflected in the literature of the time. Reading American literature helps us understand the way of life in the past.