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Sensors, Proximity sensors. Optical – Through-beam, Optical - Diffuse
The document discusses different types of sensors including optical, inductive, reed switch, inductive magnetic, and capacitive sensors. It provides diagrams and descriptions of how through-beam, retro-reflective, and diffuse optical sensors work. It also explains the operating principles and considerations for inductive, reed switch, inductive magnetic, and capacitive sensors. Standard symbols for representing sensors in diagrams are also presented.
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Sensors, Proximity sensors. Optical – Through-beam, Optical - Diffuse
- 1. 17.10.03 No. 1/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Optical - Diffuse Inductive Reed switch Inductive magnetic Capacitive Symbols Connection Optical – Through-beam Optical – Retro-reflective Proximity sensors
- 2. 17.10.03 No. 2/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Type : Through-beam Optical sensors (Through-beam)
- 3. 17.10.03 No. 3/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Transmitter Receiver Type : Through-beam Optical sensors (Through-beam)
- 4. 17.10.03 No. 4/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Transmitter Receiver Type : Through-beam Optical sensors (Through-beam)
- 5. 17.10.03 No. 5/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Targe t Optical sensors (Through-beam) Type : Through-beam Transmitter Receiver
- 6. 17.10.03 No. 6/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Transmitter Receiver Type : Through-beam Optical sensors (Through-beam)
- 7. 17.10.03 No. 8/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Transmitter Receiver Type : Through-beam Optical sensors (Through-beam)
- 8. 17.10.03 No. 9/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Transmitter Receiver Type : Through-beam Optical sensors (Through-beam)
- 9. 17.10.03 No. 10/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Transmitter Receiver Type : Through-beam Optical sensors (Through-beam)
- 10. 17.10.03 No. 11/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Transmitter Receiver Type : Through-beam Optical sensors (Through-beam)
- 11. 17.10.03 No. 12/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Transmitter Receiver Type : Through-beam Optical sensors (Through-beam)
- 12. 17.10.03 No. 13/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Transmitter Receiver Type : Through-beam Optical sensors (Through-beam)
- 13. 17.10.03 No. 14/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Targe t Long sensing distance: up to 30 metres with some devices Will detect all but very transparent materials Must be accurately aligned Transmitter Receiver Type : Through-beam Optical sensors (Through-beam)
- 14. 17.10.03 No. 15/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Optical sensors (Retro-reflective)
- 15. 17.10.03 No. 16/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Reflector (prismatic) T R Optical sensors (Retro-reflective) Type : Retro reflective Transmitter /Receiver
- 16. 17.10.03 No. 17/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Reflector (prismatic) T RTransmitter /Receiver Optical sensors (Retro-reflective) Type : Retro reflective
- 17. 17.10.03 No. 18/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Reflector (prismatic) T RTransmitter /Receiver Optical sensors (Retro-reflective) Type : Retro reflective
- 18. 17.10.03 No. 19/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Reflector (prismatic) Target T RTransmitter /Receiver Optical sensors (Retro-reflective) Type : Retro reflective
- 19. 17.10.03 No. 20/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Reflector (prismatic) T RTransmitter /Receiver Optical sensors (Retro-reflective) Type : Retro reflective
- 20. 17.10.03 No. 21/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Reflector (prismatic) T RTransmitter /Receiver Optical sensors (Retro-reflective) Type : Retro reflective
- 21. 17.10.03 No. 22/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Reflector (prismatic) T RTransmitter /Receiver Optical sensors (Retro-reflective) Type : Retro reflective
- 22. 17.10.03 No. 23/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Reflector (prismatic) T RTransmitter /Receiver Optical sensors (Retro-reflective) Type : Retro reflective
- 23. 17.10.03 No. 24/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Reflector (prismatic) T RTransmitter /Receiver Optical sensors (Retro-reflective) Type : Retro reflective
- 24. 17.10.03 No. 25/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Reflector (prismatic) T RTransmitter /Receiver Optical sensors (Retro-reflective) Type : Retro reflective
- 25. 17.10.03 No. 26/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Reflector (prismatic) Sensing distance : 1/2 to 1/3 of through-beam type Not suitable for reflective or transparent targets Target should be larger than the reflector T R Type : Retro reflective Transmitter /Receiver Optical sensors (Retro-reflective)
- 26. 17.10.03 No. 27/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Type : Diffuse Optical sensors (Diffuse)
- 27. 17.10.03 No. 28/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Target T RTransmitter /Receiver Optical sensors (Diffuse) Type : Diffuse
- 28. 17.10.03 No. 29/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors T RTransmitter /Receiver Optical sensors (Diffuse) Type : Diffuse
- 29. 17.10.03 No. 30/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors T RTransmitter /Receiver Optical sensors (Diffuse) Type : Diffuse
- 30. 17.10.03 No. 31/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors T RTransmitter /Receiver Optical sensors (Diffuse) Type : Diffuse
- 31. 17.10.03 No. 32/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors T RTransmitter /Receiver Optical sensors (Diffuse) Type : Diffuse
- 32. 17.10.03 No. 33/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors T RTransmitter /Receiver Optical sensors (Diffuse) Type : Diffuse
- 33. 17.10.03 No. 34/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Transmitter /Receiver Sensing distance: much less than reflex type, actual distance depends on colour and reflective nature of the surface Larger targets result in longer sensing distances Not suitable for dirty environments T R Optical sensors (Diffuse) Type : Diffuse
- 34. 17.10.03 No. 35/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Inductive sensors
- 35. 17.10.03 No. 36/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Connection cable LED indicator Resonant circuit coil Active surface High frequency magnetic field (300 to 800 kHz) Inductive sensors
- 36. 17.10.03 No. 37/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Sensor Oscillation Amplitude Sensor output signal ON OFF Targ et Inductive sensors
- 37. 17.10.03 No. 38/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors ON OFF Target Sensor Oscillation Amplitude Sensor output signal Inductive sensors
- 38. 17.10.03 No. 39/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors ON OFF Target Sensor Oscillation Amplitude Sensor output signal Inductive sensors
- 39. 17.10.03 No. 40/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors ON OFF Target Sensor Oscillation Amplitude Sensor output signal Inductive sensors
- 40. 17.10.03 No. 41/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors ON OFF Target Sensor Oscillation Amplitude Sensor output signal Inductive sensors
- 41. 17.10.03 No. 42/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors ON OFF Target Sensor Oscillation Amplitude Sensor output signal Inductive sensors
- 42. 17.10.03 No. 43/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors ON OFF Target Sensor Oscillation Amplitude Sensor output signal Inductive sensors
- 43. 17.10.03 No. 44/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors ON OFF Target Sensor Oscillation Amplitude Sensor output signal Inductive sensors
- 44. 17.10.03 No. 45/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors ON OFF Target Sensor Oscillation Amplitude Sensor output signal Inductive sensors
- 45. 17.10.03 No. 46/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Will detect any conductive material Quoted distances are for mild steel Sensor performance can be affected by: • Temperature • Target material • Target dimensions Inductive sensors
- 46. 17.10.03 No. 47/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Reed switch
- 47. 17.10.03 No. 48/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Glass Tube filled with nitrogen Reed contacts LED indicator Reed switch
- 48. 17.10.03 No. 49/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Reed switch
- 49. 17.10.03 No. 50/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Reed switch
- 50. 17.10.03 No. 51/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Reed switch
- 51. 17.10.03 No. 52/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Reed switch
- 52. 17.10.03 No. 53/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Reed switch
- 53. 17.10.03 No. 54/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Reed switch
- 54. 17.10.03 No. 55/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors 24v Reed switch
- 55. 17.10.03 No. 56/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors 24v Reed switch
- 56. 17.10.03 No. 57/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Interference from other magnetic fields must be avoided. If positioned in mid stroke, switching point will vary depending on direction of approach. Maximum current must be limited to avoid burning of the reed contacts. Reed switch
- 57. 17.10.03 No. 58/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Inductive magnetic sensor
- 58. 17.10.03 No. 59/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Connection cable LED Indicator Resonant circuit coil High frequency magnetic field Inductive magnetic sensor
- 59. 17.10.03 No. 60/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Inductive magnetic sensor
- 60. 17.10.03 No. 61/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Inductive magnetic sensor
- 61. 17.10.03 No. 62/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Inductive magnetic sensor
- 62. 17.10.03 No. 63/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Inductive magnetic sensor
- 63. 17.10.03 No. 64/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Inductive magnetic sensor
- 64. 17.10.03 No. 65/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Inductive magnetic sensor
- 65. 17.10.03 No. 66/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Inductive principle of operation - but only reacts to magnetic fields Interference from other magnetic fields must be avoided. Solid state device - higher switching frequency - 1kHz Inductive magnetic sensor
- 66. 17.10.03 No. 67/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Capacitive sensor
- 67. 17.10.03 No. 68/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Connection cable Adjusting screw LED indicator Active surface Active electrode Earth electrode Electrostatic field Sensor is looking for a change in capacitance in the active field Capacitive sensor
- 68. 17.10.03 No. 69/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Target Capacitive sensor
- 69. 17.10.03 No. 70/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Capacitive sensor
- 70. 17.10.03 No. 71/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Capacitive sensor
- 71. 17.10.03 No. 72/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Capacitive sensor
- 72. 17.10.03 No. 73/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Detects any material denser than air (as long as there is enough of it) Can be adjusted for sensitivity Can be affected by dusty environments Capacitive sensor
- 73. 17.10.03 No. 74/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Sensor is adjusted so that it does not ‘see’ the wall of the vessel. Capacitive sensor
- 74. 17.10.03 No. 75/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors As the level rises the fluid affects the sensor field. Capacitive sensor
- 75. 17.10.03 No. 76/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Until the sensor switches. Capacitive sensor
- 76. 17.10.03 No. 77/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Sensor symbols
- 77. 17.10.03 No. 78/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors + 18 to 30 Volts DC. 0 V Output Inductive Capacitive Optical Magnetic Ultrasonic Normally open Normally closed Sensor symbols
- 78. 17.10.03 No. 79/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors + 18 to 30 Volts DC. 0 V Capacitive Sensor with Normally open function Output Sensor symbols
- 79. 17.10.03 No. 80/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Sensor connection
- 80. 17.10.03 No. 81/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors + 18 to 30 Volts DC 0 V Output 24v DC 0v PNP Type • Output is Positive • Positive switching Sensor connection
- 81. 17.10.03 No. 82/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors NPN Type • Output switches through to 0v • Negative switching + 18 to 30 Volts DC 0 V Output 24v DC 0v Sensor connection
- 82. 17.10.03 No. 83/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Sensor connection
- 83. 17.10.03 No. 84/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors + 18 to 30 Volts DC. 0 V Output Inductive Capacitive Optical Magnetic Ultrasonic Normally open Normally closed Sensor connection
- 84. 17.10.03 No. 85/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Will detect any conductive material Quoted distances are for mild steel Sensor performance can be affected by:- • Temperature • Target material • Target dimensions. ON OF F Targe t Sensor Oscillation Amplitude Sensor output signal Inductive sensor
- 85. 17.10.03 No. 86/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Detects any material denser than air. (as long as there is enough of it) Can be adjusted for sensitivity Can be affected by dusty environments Capacitive sensor
- 86. 17.10.03 No. 87/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Target Type: Through-beam Long sensing distance : up to 30 metres with some devices Will detect all but very transparent materials Must be accurately aligned Transmitter Receiver Optical sensors
- 87. 17.10.03 No. 88/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Transmitter / Receiver Reflector (prismatic) Type: Retro-reflective Sensing distance : 1 /2 to 1 /3 of through- beam type. Not suitable for reflective or transparent targets Target should be larger than the reflector T R Optical sensors
- 88. 17.10.03 No. 89/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Transmitter / Receiver Type : Diffuse Sensing distance : much less than reflex type, actual distance depends on colour and reflective nature of the surface Larger targets result in longer sensing distances Not suitable for dirty environments T R Optical sensors
- 89. 17.10.03 No. 90/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Interference from other magnetic fields must be avoided. If positioned in mid stroke, switching point will vary depending on direction of approach. Maximum current must be limited to avoid burning of the reed contacts. Reed switch
- 90. 17.10.03 No. 91/ 91© Festo Didactic – Training and Consulting Sensors Inductive principle of operation - but only reacts to magnetic fields Interference from other magnetic fields must be avoided Solid state device - higher switching frequency - 1kHz Inductive magnetic sensor
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