This unit will cover vocabulary, grammar, reading, listening, speaking and writing focused on environmental resources and prefixes. Key topics include the present perfect vs. past simple tenses, time expressions used with the present perfect, and an opinion essay project. Vocabulary lessons cover terms like "solar panels", "recycle", and prefixes like "re-", "mis-", and "over-". Grammar lessons explain the formation and use of the present perfect, including questions, negatives, and time expressions like "for/since", "already", "yet" and "still". A reading passage is called "A life without rubbish" and listening is on "Buy Nothing Day".

1. UNIT 3
The World Around Us

2. In this unit, we will work on…
• Vocabulary:
Vocabulary 1: Saving environmental resources
Vocabulary 2: Prefixes
• Grammar: Present Perfect vs. Past Simple
Time expressions with the Present Perfect
• Reading: ‘A life without rubbish’

3. • Listening: ‘Buy Nothing Day’
• Speaking:
Talk about what we can do to save the planet
• Writing: An opinion essay
• Our project: Our oral presentations

4. Vocabulary 1: Saving environmental resources
• Install solar panels: instal.lar panells solars
• Share car journeys: compartir trajectes en cotxe
• Recycle packaging: reciclar paquets/ embolcalls
• Ride a bike: muntar en bici
• Save water: estalviar aigua
• Turn off lights: apagar llums
• Compost food waste: fertilitzar (usar com a fems) el
desaprofitament del menjar (fertilizar/ usar como abono los
desperdicios de los alimentos)
• Use rechargeable batteries: utilitzar bateries (piles) recarregables
• Insulate windows: aïllar/aïllament de les finestres (‘climalit’)
• Travel by public transport: viatjar en transport públic
• Mend old clothes: arreglar la roba vella

5. Vocabulary 2: Prefixes
Re-
(tornar a…)
Mis-
(‘fer’ malament)
Over-
(per sobre, més…)
Under-
(per sota, menys…)
Reorganize
(reorganitzar)
Misinform
(desinformar, mal
informar)
Overpopulate
(superpoblar)
Underestimate
(subestimar,
infravalorar)
Recycle
(reciclar= tornar a
utilitzar)
Misunderstand
(entendre
malament,
malinterpretar)
Overcrowd
(emplenar, atestar
de gent)
Underpay
(malpagar)
Replace
(recol.locar,
reemplaçar…)
Misplace
(traspapelar,
col.locar malament)
Overeat
(Menjar de més)
Underuse
(infrautilitzar)
Replay
(tornar a posar
e.g.‘música’, tornar
a jugar)
Undercook
(semicru, poc fet,
mig cru)

6. GRAMMAR 1: PRESENT PERFECT FORM
AFFIRMATIVE + NEGATIVE -
Subject + HAVE/HAS + past
participle (V-ed/3rd column)
She has watched a great film.
Subject + HAVEN’T/HASN’T + past
participle (V-ed/3rd column)
She hasn’t ridden a bike.
I HAVE WATCHED
Jo he vist
I HAVEN’T RIDDEN
Jo no he muntat en bici
You HAVE WATCHED
Tu has vist
You HAVEN’T RIDDEN
Tu no has muntat
He
She HAS WATCHED
It
Ell/a ha vist
He
She HASN’T RIDDEN
It
Ell/a no ha muntat
We
You HAVE WATCHED
They
Nosaltres hem / vosaltres heu
Ells/-es han vist
We
You HAVEN’T RIDDEN
They
Nosaltres no hem / vosaltres no
heu/ ells/-es no han muntat
• We use the present perfect to talk about an action that we don’t know the exact time in the past.

7. PRESENT PERFECT FORM
QUESTIONS ? SHORT ANSWERS (sh.a.)
(Question + HAVE/HAS + subject + p. part. ?
Word –QW)
What have you done ?
Has he played football?
Yes, subject + HAVE / HAS
NO, subject + HAVEN’T / HASN’T
-
Yes, he has. // No, he hasn’t.
HAVE I PLAYED?
He jugat?
Yes, I HAVE.
No, I HAVEN’T.
HAVE you PLAYED?
Has jugat?
Yes, I HAVE.
No, I HAVEN’T.
He
HAS She PLAYED?
It
Ell/a ha jugat?
Yes, he / she / it HAS.
No, he / she /it HASN’T.
We
HAVE You PLAYED?
They
Nosaltres hem / vosaltres heu / ells/-es
han jugat?
Yes, we HAVE.
No, we HAVEN’T.
Yes, they HAVE.
No, they HAVEN’T.

8. GRAMMAR 2: PRESENT PERFECT: TIME EXPRESSIONS
FOR SINCE
We use for with a period of time
DURANT
We use since with a point in time
DESDE
• A long time • I was a kid (sentence)
• Two months/ years/ days… • 1999 (year)
• Last Friday/ month…

9. PRESENT PERFECT: TIME EXPRESSIONS
JUST ALREADY STILL YET
Just ara (mateix)
(+)
Ja (+) Encara no (-) Encara no (-)
Ja (?)
We use just for
something done a
short time before the
moment of speaking.
We use already in
affirmative sentences
to talk about things
we have done.
We use still in
negative sentences to
talk about things we
haven’t done.
We use yet in negative
sentences and
questions.
HAVE/HAS + JUST+
p. participle
HAVE/HAS +
ALREADY + p.
participle
STILL+
HAVEN’T/HASN’T +
p. participle
HAVEN’T/ HASN’T +
p. participle + YET
HAVE/HAS…. + p.
participle+ YET?
I have JUST read
Harry Potter.
She has ALREADY
watched Avatar
twice.
I STILL haven’t
finished my
homework.
They haven’t been
in Paris YET.
Have you bought
the car YET?

10. To check before the exam…
• Progress check SB p. 39
• Language guide SB pp. 40-41
• Revision WB p. 33
• Grammar reference WB pp. 110-111
To learn more…
• Culture WB p. 32
• Extension WB p. 34