Acute pharyngitis, commonly known as a sore throat, is a sudden inflammation of the pharynx caused by viral or bacterial infections, with Group A Streptococcus being a notable bacterial cause. Treatment includes antibiotics, anti-inflammatory medications, and dietary management, while chronic pharyngitis may result from environmental factors and is characterized by persistent symptoms. Medical management focuses on symptom relief through avoiding irritants and using medications for nasal congestion and allergies.

3. DEFINITION
• Inflammation of the pharynx

4. Acute pharyngitis (Sore Throat):
is a sudden painful inflammation
of the pharynx, the back portion of
the throat that includes the
posterior third of the tongue, soft
palate, and tonsils.

5. Causes
• environmental exposure to viral agents -
adenovirus, influenza virus, Epstein-Barr
virus, and herpes simplex virus
• Bacterial infection - Ten percent of adults
with pharyngitis have group A beta-
hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS), which is
commonly referred to as group A
streptococcus (GAS) or streptococcal
pharyngitis.

6. • When GAS causes acute pharyngitis, the
condition is known as strep
throat
• Other bacterias - Mycoplasma
pneumoniae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, H.
influenzae type B
• Poorly ventilated rooms,

7. • viral pharyngitis peaks during winter
and early spring
• Viral pharyngitis spreads easily in the
droplets of coughs and sneezes
• unclean hands that have been
exposed to the contaminated fluids.

8. CLINICAL FEATURES
• Pain – Body, swallowing
• Dry cough
• Fever
• Vasodilation
• Edema
• Redness and swelling in the tonsillar pillars,
uvula, and soft palate.
• A creamy exudate may be present in the tonsillar
pillars
• Lymph node enlargement

9. DIAGNOSIS
• History Collection
• Physical examination
• Culture & sensitivity test
• Blood investigation
• Rapid streptococcal antigen test [RSAT]

10. Treatment
• Antibiotics – Doxycycline 100 mg twice
daily – 5-7 days
• Once-daily azithromycin may be given for
only 3 days due to its long half-life.
• A 5- or 10-day course of cephalosporin
may be prescribed. Five-day
administration of cefpodoxime and
cefuroxime has also been successful in
producing bacteriologic cures.

11. • Anti inflammatory-ibuprofen
• Pottasium permonganate gargles
• Soft, bland and warm diet

12. Nutritional Therapy
• A liquid or soft diet.
• Cool beverages, warm liquids, and flavored frozen
desserts such as Popsicles are often soothing.
Occasionally, the throat is so sore that liquids
cannot be taken in adequate amounts by mouth.
• In severe situations, intravenous (IV) fluids may
be needed.
• Otherwise, the patient is encouraged to drink as
much fluid as possible (at least 2 to 3 L per day).

13. CHRONIC PHARYNGITIS
• Chronic pharyngitis is a persistent
inflammation of the pharynx. Charecterised by
multiple, white elongated keratinized
epithelial outgrowths project from the surface
of tonsil, base of tongue or posterior
pharyngeal wall.

14. • It is common in adults who work in dusty
surroundings, use their voice to excess, suffer
from chronic cough
• Habitually use alcohol and tobacco.

15. TYPES OF CHRONIC PHARYNGITIS:
• Hypertrophic: characterized by general
thickening and congestion of the pharyngeal
mucous membrane
• Atrophic: probably a late stage of the first type
(the membrane is thin, whitish, glistening, and
at times wrinkled)
• Chronic granular (“clergyman’s sore throat”),
characterized by numerous swollen lymph
follicles on the pharyngeal wall

16. Clinical Manifestations
• Foreign body sensation
• Constant sense of irritation or fullness in the
throat, mucus that collects in the throat and
can be expelled by coughing, and difficulty
swallowing.
• A sore throat that is worse with swallowing in
the absence of pharyngitis suggests the
possibility of thyroiditis.

17. Medical Management
• Relieving symptoms- avoiding
exposure to irritants, and
correcting any upper Respiratory
infection
• Nasal congestion may be relieved by
short-term use of nasal sprays or
medications containing ephedrine
sulfate(Kondon’s Nasal) or
phenylephrine hydrochloride (Neo-
Synephrine).

18. • For allergy, one of the antihistamine
decongestant medications, such as
Pseudoephedrine(Sudafed) or
brompheniramine/pseudoephedrine,
is prescribed orally every 4 to 6 hours.
• Aspirin or acetaminophen is
recommended for its anti- inflammatory
and analgesic properties.
• For adults with chronic pharyngitis,
tonsillectomy is an effective option

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