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Cancer of Larynx- Easy ppt for Nurses

Cancer of the larynx is a significant type of head and neck cancer, primarily arising as squamous cell carcinoma. Risk factors include male gender, age, tobacco and alcohol use, and chronic laryngitis, with symptoms such as hoarseness, cough, and throat pain. Management options encompass surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, with specific surgical techniques indicated for various stages of the disease.

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Cancer of the Larynx SWATILEKHA DAS, RN B.Sc (H)Nursing, M.Sc (MSN) ASST. PROFESSOR
Cancer of the Larynx Cancer of the larynx accounts for approximately half of all head and neck cancers. Almost all malignant tumors of the larynx arise from the surface epithelium and are classified as squamous cell carcinoma.
Risk factors • Risk factors include male gender, age 60 to 70 years, tobacco use (including smokeless), alcohol use, vocal straining, chronic laryngitis, occupational exposure to carcinogens, nutritional deficiencies (riboflavin), and fam- ily predisposition.
Clinical manifestations • Hoarseness, noted early with cancer in glottic area; harsh, raspy, low-pitched voice. • Persistent cough; pain and burning in the throat when drinking hot liquids and citrus juices. • Lump felt in the neck. • Late symptoms: dysphagia, dyspnea, unilateral nasal obstruction or discharge, persistent hoarseness or ulceration, and foul breath. • Enlarged cervical nodes, weight loss, general debility, and pain radiating to the ear may occur with metastasis.
Assessment and Diagnostic Methods • Physical examination of the head and neck • Indirect laryngoscopy • Endoscopy, virtual endoscopy, optical imaging, CT, MRI, and PET scanning (to detect recurrence of tumor after treatment) • Direct laryngoscopic examination under local or general anesthesia • Biopsy of suspicious tissue
Management • Treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, or combinations.
Surgical management • Surgical procedures for early stage tumors may include transoral endoscopic laser resection, classic open vertical hemi- laryngectomy for glottic tumors, or classic horizontal supra-glottic laryngectomy.
• Other surgical options include the following: – Vocal cord stripping—used to treat dysplasia, hyperker-atosis, and leukoplakia and is often curative for these lesions – Cordectomy—for lesions limited to the middle third of the vocal cord – Laser surgery—for treatment of early glottic cancers
Cont. – Partial laryngectomy—recommended in early stages of glottic cancer with only one vocal cord involved; high cure rate – Total laryngectomy—can provide the desired cure in most advanced stage IV laryngeal cancers, when the tumor extends beyond the vocal cords, or for cancer that recurs or persists after radiation therapy
• Speech therapy when indicated: esophageal speech, artificial larynx (electrolarynx), or tracheoesophageal puncture.
Artificial Larynx
Cancer of Larynx- Easy ppt for Nurses