The document outlines pharyngitis, commonly known as a sore throat, describing its definition, types, causes, and management strategies. It details the three forms of pharyngitis—non-exudative, exudative, and ulcerative—along with common viral and bacterial causes. The document also covers clinical manifestations, diagnostic evaluations, medical and nursing management, as well as preventive measures.

1. Presented by:
MS. JULI N. PARMAR
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
1

2. OUTLINE OF THE TOPIC
 INTRODUCTION,
 DEFINITION,
 PHARYNGITIS APPEARS IN THREE FORM,
 ETIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS,
 PATHO-PHYSIOLOGY,
 TYPES OF PHARYNGITIS,
 CLINICAL MANIFISTATION/SIGN & SYMPTOMS,
DIGNOSTIC EVALUATION,
 MEDICAL MANAGEMENT,
 NURSING MANAGEMENT AND
 PREVENTION OF PHARYNGITIS
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3. INTRODUCTION
Pharyngitis often simply
referred to as a sore throat is
inflammation of the pharynx, the
portion of the throat that lies just
beyond the back of the roof of the
mouth & stretches to the Adam’s
apple ( Pharynx ). It usually occurs
when viruses ( or sometimes
bacteria ) from a cold, flu or sinus3

4. 4

5. DEFINTION
 Pharyngitis often simply referred
to as a sore throat is inflammation
of the pharynx.
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6. PHARYNGITIS APPEARS IN
THREE FORMS
 Pharyngitis is very common but rarely
serious.
 Mast cases clear up on their own after
three to ten days and require no
therapy other than pain relievers to
ease the discomfort.
 Rarely , though , tissues may swell
considerably and obstruct breathing a
life-threatening condition. 6

7. •Pharyngitis appears in three forms
– non exudative , exudative and
ulcerative.
• Non- exudative pharyngitis :-
although group A streptococci may
cause non- exudative pharyngitis
viruses are by far the most common
causative agents of this group.
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8.  Exudative pharyngitis :-
coxsackievirus A and herpes virus
are the most common cause of
ulcerative pharyngitis.
 Vincent’s angina due to
fusobacteria and poor oral hygiene
may also cause ulcerative
pharyngitis that is associated with
malaise and low grade fever.
 The most common finding is a
unilateral tonsillar ulceration with a
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9. ETILOGY &RISK FACTORS
1] Bacterial pharyngitis:-
 A number of different bacteria can
inflect the human throat.
 The most common bacterial agent
is streptococcus.
 It causes about 15-30% of cases of
pharyngitis.
 However other include:- 9

10.  Carynebacterium diptheriae
 Neisseria gonorrhoeae
 Arcanobacterium ( corynebacterium )
haemolytic
 Chlamydophila pneumonia
 Mycoplasma pneumonia
2] Viral pharyngitis:-
 These comprise about 40-80% of
all infectious cases and can be a 10

11. Many different types of viral
infections.
 Viruses that can cause and can be
a feature sore throat include the
common cold, Adenovirus ,
orthomyxoviridae , Herpes simplex
virus , Measles, Coxsackieviruses A
and B , Epstein-Barr virus ,
Cytomegalovirus , HIV infection and
infectious mononucleosis. 11

12. 3] Other causes of pharyngitis:-
 It may be common in young
children and presents with whitish
plaques in the oropharynx.
o Sore throat
o Smoking
o Exposure to secondhand smoke
o Exposure to chemical irritants
o Gastro esophageal reflux disease 12

13. o Neoplasia
o Poor hygiene
o Lowered immunity
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14. Patho-physiology
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Invasion of mucosa
Local inflammation
Irritation of mucosa by secretion
Release of local toxins , proteases
M- protein fragment of GABHS
and sarcolemma antigens of
myocardium

15. Antigen – antibodies complex
deposition in glomeruli
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16. Types of pharyngitis
1) Acute pharyngitis:-
Is common and is usually caused by a viral
infection that causes the common cold.
 The symptoms of acute pharyngitis usually
last for a week or less. Often referred to as a
sore throat.
Acute pharyngitis is a painful inflammation
of the pharynx in the throat region.
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17.  Pharyngitis occurs most commonly
with A V Upper respiratory infection.
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18. 2) Chronic pharyngitis:- Is a
persistent sore throat.
The symptoms of chronic
pharyngitis last for longer than
those of acute pharyngitis.
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19. Three types of chronic
pharyngitis are recognized :-
1
)
Hypertrophic: a general
thickening and congestion of the
pharyngeal
.
2
)
Atrophic: a late stage of the type
( the membrane is thin, whitish,
glistening, and at times wrinkled )
.
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20. 3
)
Chronic granular :
characterized by numerous
swollen, lymph follicles on the
pharyngeal wall
.
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21. Clinical manifestations
• Sore or red throat
• Lump in throat feeling
• Fever
• Headache
• Earache
• Swollen glands
• Swollen neck lymph glands 21

22.  Tender neck lymph glands
 Difficulty speaking or swallowing
 Pain swallowing
 Breathing difficulty
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23. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
• Throat swab culture
• Airway compromise
• CT scan
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24. Medical management
 Antibiotics therapy:- Pharyngitis
cause by viruses clears up on its
own antibiotics are not effective
against viral infections . So
treatment is aimed at easing
symptoms.
 Ex: Erythromycin, Azithomycin
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25. Corticosteroids
Antifungal agents
Pain management , ex NSATDS
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26. Nursing management
Increase fluid intake , fluid such as
water ,juice tea and warm scup help
replace fluid lost during mucus
production .
Gargle with warm salt water ,mix ½
teaspoon of salt in a full glass of warm
water gargle and then spit the water
out . 26

27. This will soothe throat and clear it
of mucus.
Humidify the air
Avoid smoking
Rest your voice
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28. nursing management
1. acute pain related to
inflammation of the throat.
2. Ineffective airway clearance
related to thick secretion
characterized by difficulty in
breathing
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29. 3. Imbalance nutrition less than
body requirements related to
difficulty swallowing
4. Knowledge deficit related to not
familiar with the sources of
information.
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30. prevention
Avoid sharing
cups ,eating ,glasses , napkin,
food or towels with anyone who
has a sore throat
Wash your hands frequently
Avoid touching public phone or
drinking fountains with your 30

31.  cough or sneeze into a tissue and
then throw it away
Do not smoke and avoid exposure
Avoid close contact with people
who are sick
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