Pharyngitis- Easy PPT for Nursing StudentsSwatilekha Das
Pharyngitis- Easy PPT for Nursing Students
organs of the respiratory system
Definition
Acute Pharyngitis definition
Causes
Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Nutritional therapy
Chronic Pharyngitis
types
Clinical manifestations
Medical management
Pharyngitis- Easy PPT for Nursing StudentsSwatilekha Das
Pharyngitis- Easy PPT for Nursing Students
organs of the respiratory system
Definition
Acute Pharyngitis definition
Causes
Clinical features
Diagnosis
Treatment
Nutritional therapy
Chronic Pharyngitis
types
Clinical manifestations
Medical management
Tonsillitis slideshare for medical students NehaNupur8
complete and detail information about tonsillits , that is the inflammation of the tonsils ,present in the oral cavity , disease of oral cavity contains introduction, definition, types, causes, risk factors,pathophysiology , treatment , medical management, nursing management, nurses role, patient teaching sign and symptoms , drug therapy, diet management,
Rhinitis, also known as coryza, is irritation and inflammation of the mucous membrane inside the nose. Common symptoms are a stuffy nose, runny nose, sneezing, and post-nasal drip. The inflammation is caused by viruses, bacteria, irritants or allergens
Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, two oval-shaped pads of tissue at the back of the throat — one tonsil on each side. Signs and symptoms of tonsillitis include swollen tonsils, sore throat, difficulty swallowing and tender lymph nodes on the sides of the neck
Tonsillitis slideshare for medical students NehaNupur8
complete and detail information about tonsillits , that is the inflammation of the tonsils ,present in the oral cavity , disease of oral cavity contains introduction, definition, types, causes, risk factors,pathophysiology , treatment , medical management, nursing management, nurses role, patient teaching sign and symptoms , drug therapy, diet management,
Rhinitis, also known as coryza, is irritation and inflammation of the mucous membrane inside the nose. Common symptoms are a stuffy nose, runny nose, sneezing, and post-nasal drip. The inflammation is caused by viruses, bacteria, irritants or allergens
Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, two oval-shaped pads of tissue at the back of the throat — one tonsil on each side. Signs and symptoms of tonsillitis include swollen tonsils, sore throat, difficulty swallowing and tender lymph nodes on the sides of the neck
Both acute and chronic pharyngitis are common diseases and they are important for the students to understand, Moreover acute tonsillitis is also very common and it becomes one of the most important causes of throat pain and fever.
Upper respiratory tract infections are characterized by self-limited irritation and swelling of the upper airways together with a cough that does not indicate pneumonia, does not have a coexisting medical condition that could be the cause of the patient's symptoms, and does not have a history of chronic bronchitis, emphysema, or COPD. Presentation gives an overview on "Upper Respiratory Tract Infections", including causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and Treatment to cure. For more information, please contact us: 9779030507.
Heterogeneous group of illnesses affecting larynx, trachea and bronchi.
Laryngotracheitis, LTB, laryngotracheo-bronchopneumonitis and spasmodic croup are inclusive.
Upper airway obstruction in croup causes :
A barking cough, hoarse voice, inspiratory stridor and variable respiratory distress.
Ludwig's Angina is an infective condition of the floar of mouth above and below the mylohyoid muscle. Tongue is raised, mouth remains open and there may be compromised airway and require tracheostomy. Treatment is medical in the form of antibioticsand pain killers and surgical in the form of incision and drainage.
Although diphtheria is not very common but its also not very uncommon. Although there is immunization regarding diphtheria in expanded program of immunization in Pakistan but still we find cases off and on
Pharynx is upper part of the aerodigestive tract. It has three parts nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx. Pharynx plays an important part in respiration and swallowing. Swallowing is a very complex process. To swallow properly it is important to shut down the openings of nasopharynx, oral cavity and larynx and open the upper sphinctor of esophagus.
Disease of the nasal septum can cause nasal obstruction, excessive nasal discharge, epistaxis, headache and sinusitis. The diseases could be deviated nasal septum, septal haematoma, septal abscess and septal perforation. All these complaints are treatable.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
HOT NEW PRODUCT! BIG SALES FAST SHIPPING NOW FROM CHINA!! EU KU DB BK substit...GL Anaacs
Contact us if you are interested:
Email / Skype : kefaya1771@gmail.com
Threema: PXHY5PDH
New BATCH Ku !!! MUCH IN DEMAND FAST SALE EVERY BATCH HAPPY GOOD EFFECT BIG BATCH !
Contact me on Threema or skype to start big business!!
Hot-sale products:
NEW HOT EUTYLONE WHITE CRYSTAL!!
5cl-adba precursor (semi finished )
5cl-adba raw materials
ADBB precursor (semi finished )
ADBB raw materials
APVP powder
5fadb/4f-adb
Jwh018 / Jwh210
Eutylone crystal
Protonitazene (hydrochloride) CAS: 119276-01-6
Flubrotizolam CAS: 57801-95-3
Metonitazene CAS: 14680-51-4
Payment terms: Western Union,MoneyGram,Bitcoin or USDT.
Deliver Time: Usually 7-15days
Shipping method: FedEx, TNT, DHL,UPS etc.Our deliveries are 100% safe, fast, reliable and discreet.
Samples will be sent for your evaluation!If you are interested in, please contact me, let's talk details.
We specializes in exporting high quality Research chemical, medical intermediate, Pharmaceutical chemicals and so on. Products are exported to USA, Canada, France, Korea, Japan,Russia, Southeast Asia and other countries.
3. Pharyngitis
• Inflammation of the pharynx
secondary to an infectious
agent
• Most common infectious
agents are group A
streptococcus and various
viral agents
• Often co-exists with tonsillitis
6. Acute pharyngitis
•Etiology
•Bacterial
• Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (S. Pyogenes)*
• Most common bacterial cause of pharyngitis
• Accounts for 15-30% of cases in children and 5-10% in adults.
• Mycoplasma pneumoniae
• Arcanobacterium haemolyticum
• Neisseria gonorrhea
• Chlamydia pneumoniae
7. Pharyngitis
•History
•Classic symptoms → fever, throat pain, dysphagia
VIRAL → most likely concurrent URI symptoms of
rhinorrhea, cough, hoarseness, conjunctivitis & ulcerative
lesions
STREP → look for associated headache, and/or abdominal
pain
Fever and throat pain are usually acute in onset
8. Clinical features
• Different grades of severity.
• Milder infections (symptoms)
• Discomfort in the throat
• Malaise
• Low grade fever.
• Milder infections (signs)
• Congested
• No lymphadenopathy.
9. Clinical features
• Moderate and severe pharyngitis (symptoms)
• Pain in throat
• Dysphagia
• Headache
• Malaise
• High fever.
• Moderate and severe pharyngitis (signs)
• Erythema
• Exudate
• Enlargement of tonsils
• Lymphoid follicles on the posterior pharyngeal wall
• Oedema of soft palate and uvula
• Enlargement of cervical nodes.
10. Clinical features
• Not possible on clinical examination to differentiate
• Viral from bacterial infections
• Viral infections
• Generally mild and are accompanied by
• Rhinorrhea
• Hoarseness
• Bacterial - Severe.
• Gonococcal Pharyngitis
• Mild and may even be asymptomatic
11. Pharyngitis
• Viral
EBV –
white exudate covering erythematous pharynx and tonsils
cervical adenopathy,
Subacute/chronic symptoms (fatigue/myalgias)
Transmitted via infected saliva
Adenovirus/coxsackie –
Vesicles/ulcerative lesions present on pharynx or posterior soft palate
Also look for conjunctivitis
12. Epidemiology of streptococcal pharyngitis
• Spread by contact with respiratory secretions
• Peaks in winter and spring
• School age child (5-15 y)
• Communicability highest during acute infection
• Patient no longer contagious after 24 hours of
antibiotics
• If hospitalized, droplet precautions needed until no
longer contagious
13. Pharyngitis
• Physical exam
• Bacterial
GAS – look for whitish exudate covering pharynx and tonsils
• Tender anterior cervical adenopathy
• Palatal/uvular petechiae
Spread via respiratory particle droplets – NO school attendance
until 24 hours after initiation of appropriate antibiotic therapy
• Absence of viral symptoms (rhinorrhea, cough,
hoarseness)
14. Suppurative complications of group A
streptococcal pharyngitis
• Otitis media
• Sinusitis
• Peritonsillar and retropharyngeal abscesses
• Suppurative cervical adenitis
15. Nonsuppurative complications of group A
streptococcus
• Acute rheumatic fever
• Follows only streptococcal pharyngitis (not group A strep skin
infections)
• Acute glomerulonephritis
• May follow pharyngitis or skin infection (pyoderma)
• Nephritogenic strains
25. Pharyngitis
• Treatment
VIRAL – supportive care only – analgesics, antipyretics,
fluids
No strong evidence supporting use of oral or
intramuscular corticosteroids for pain relief → few
studies show transient relief within first 12–24 hrs after
administration
EBV – infectious mononucleosis
Activity restrictions – mortality in these pts most commonly
associated with abdominal trauma and splenic rupture
26. Pharyngitis
•Treatment → do so to prevent ARF (acute rheumatic fever)
Gas →
Oral penicillin– treatment of choice
10 day course of therapy
Im benzathine penicillin – 1.2 million units x 1
Azithromycin, clindamycin, or 1st generation cephalosporins -
allergy
31. Aetiology
• A large number of factors are responsible:
1. Persistent infection in the neighbourhood
• Ch ronic rhinitis
• Sinusitis
• Purulent discharge
• Constantly trickles down the pharynx and
• Provides a constant source of infection.
• Causes hypertrophy of the lateral pharyngeal bands.
2. Chronic tonsillitis
3. Dental sepsis
4. Mouth breathing
32. Aetiology
5. Breathing through the mouth
• Neither filtered
• Nor humidified
• Obstruction in the nose
• Nasal polypi
• Allergic rhinitis
• Vasomotor rhinitis
• Turbinate hypertrophy
• Deviated septum
• Tumours
6. Nsopharyngeal causes
• Adenoids
• Tumours
7. Habitual
• Without any organic cause.
33. Aetiology
8. Chronic irritants.
• Excessive smoking
• Chewing oftobacco and pan
• Heavy drinking,
• Highly spiced food
9. Environmental pollution
• Smoky
• dusty environment
• Irritant industrial
10. Faulty voice production
• Excessive use of voice
• Faulty voice production seen in certain professionals or in
• "Pharyngeal neurosis”
• Throat clearing
• Hawking
• Snorting
34. Symptoms
• 1. Discomfort or pain in the throat.
• 2. Foreign body sensation in throat.
• 3. Tiredness of voice.
• 4. Cough.
• Throat is irritable
• Tendency to cough
• 5. Retching or gagging.
35. Signs
• Chronic catarrhal pharyngitis
• Congestion of posterior pharyngeal wall with
• Engorgement of vessels
• Faucial pillars may be thickened.
• Increased mucus secretion which may cover pharyngeal mucosa.
36. Signs
• Chronic hypertrophic (granular) pharyngitis
• Pharyngeal wall appears thick
• Pharyngeal wall oedematous
• Congested mucosa
• Dilated vessels.
• Posterior pharyngeal wall may be studded with reddish nodules (hence the
term granular pharyngitis).
• These nodules are due to hypertrophy of subepithelial lymphoid foll icles
normally seen in pharynx
• Lateral pharyngeal bands become hypertrophied.
• Uvula may be elongated and appear oedematous.
37. Treatment
• Aetiological factor should be sought and eradicated
• Voice rest
• Speech therapy is essential for those with
• Faulty voice production. Hawking, clearing the throat
• Frequently or any other such habit should be stopped.
• 3warm saline gargles.
• 4. Mandl's paint
• 5. Cautery of lymphoid granules
• 10-25% silver nitrate.
• Electrocautery or
38. Atrophic pharyngitis
• It is a form of chronic pharyngitis often seen in patients of atrophic
rhinitis.
• Pharyngeal mucosa along with its mucous glands shows atropl1y.
• Scanty mucus production by glands leads to formation of crusts
which later get infected giving rise to foul smell.
• Clinical features
• Dryness and discomfort in throat are the main complaints.
• Hawki ng and dry cough may be present due to crust formation.
• Examination shows dry and glazed pharyngeal mucosa often
covered with crusts.
39. Atrophic pharyngitis
Treatment
• This is the same as for co-existent atrophic rhinitis.
• Aim is to remove the crusts and promote secretion.
• The crusts can be removed by spraying the throat with alkaline
solution ,pharyngeal irrigation.
• Mandl's paint applied locally has a soothing effect.
• Potassium iodide, 325 mg
40. Keratosis Pharyngitis
• Benign condition characterized by horny excrescences on the
• Surface of tonsils
• Pharyngeal wall
• Lingual tonsils
• Appearing as white or yellowish dots.
• These excrescences are the result of
• Hypertrophy
• Keratinisation of epithelium.
• They are firmly adherent and cannot be wiped off.
41. Keratosis pharyngitis
• No accompanying inflammation
• Constitutiona l symptoms thus
• Differential diagnosis
• Acute follicular tonsillitis.
• Spontaneous regression
• Does not require any specific treatment
• Reassurance to the patient.