Xeno Course 2 - Extremophiles and Shadow Life
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This document summarizes different types of extremophilic microbes and their adaptations to extreme environments. It discusses thermophiles that can withstand high temperatures, cryophiles that tolerate cold down to -20°C, and barophiles, acidophiles, alkaliphiles, and radio-resistant microbes and their mechanisms for surviving in their respective extreme conditions. The document also proposes the possibility of a "shadow biosphere" containing life with biochemistry different from known life on Earth, as well as the hypothesis of a "second genesis" of independent life that arose on Earth separately from the main tree of life. It emphasizes the importance of further studying extremophiles for understanding life's adaptations and searching for alternative forms of
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Thermophilic bacteria such as Aquifex and Thermotoga are found in geothermally heated environments like hot springs and deep sea hydrothermal vents. Aquifex are microaerophilic bacteria that can grow in oxygen concentrations as low as 7.5 ppm and have optimal growth temperatures of around 95°C. They fix carbon through the reverse TCA cycle. Thermotoga maritima is a hyperthermophilic, anaerobic bacterium that can metabolize a variety of carbohydrates and polymers at temperatures up to 90°C. These thermophilic bacteria contain enzymes that allow them to thrive in extreme temperatures and have applications in biotechnology.
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This chapter discusses the requirements for microbial growth, including physical factors like temperature, pH, and osmotic pressure as well as chemical requirements like carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen. It also covers culture media that can be used to grow microbes in the lab, including nutrient broth, selective media, and differential media. The chapter describes how to obtain pure cultures using the streak plate method and calculates microbial generation time. It outlines the phases of a bacterial growth curve, including the lag, exponential, stationary, and death phases.
bio leaching
Bioleaching is a process that uses microorganisms to extract metals from ores and concentrates. It involves bacteria oxidizing sulfide minerals to dissolve metals like copper, gold, and zinc. Common microbes used include mesophilic and moderately thermophilic bacteria. Bioleaching was first observed extracting copper in ancient times and its role in leaching was identified in the 1940s. It is now used commercially in heap, slope, and in-situ leaching to produce metals from low-grade ores.
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B.Sc. Microbiology II Bacteriology Unit III Microbial Diversity
B.Sc. Microbiology II Bacteriology Unit III Microbial Diversity
Similar to Xeno Course 2 - Extremophiles and Shadow Life
Apologia Biology - updated Module 9 & 10 (bact virus) (protist fungi).pptx
This document provides an overview of prokaryotes and viruses from the Apologia Biology course. It begins with a brief history of microscopy and the development of modern taxonomy. It then discusses the domains of life, focusing on archaea and bacteria. Various shapes, habitats, and modes of feeding are described for bacteria. The document also discusses classification, with keys being used to identify organisms. It concludes with information about protists and different types of algae.
Kingdom Monera and Virus
The document discusses the kingdoms Monera and viruses. It covers the characteristics of bacteria, including that they are prokaryotes, single-celled, and the oldest and most abundant organisms. It describes the two kingdoms of archaea and eubacteria. Archaea include extremophiles like thermophiles and methanogens. Eubacteria are more diverse and make up most bacteria. Key bacterial structures and processes like shape, nutrition, respiration, and reproduction are summarized.
Kingdom Monera and Virus
This document provides information about viruses and bacteria. It discusses the structure and reproduction cycles of viruses, including how they infect host cells and use the host's machinery to replicate. It also describes bacteriophages and the lytic and lysogenic cycles they undergo when infecting bacteria. The document compares prokaryotes and eukaryotes and examines different bacterial characteristics such as shape, nutrition, and respiration. It provides examples of how bacteria are classified and discusses their importance in areas like nitrogen fixation and disease.
2 the origin of life-2012
This document discusses the origin of life on Earth. It describes early theories on how life may have originated from organic molecules formed from chemical reactions, including the Miller-Urey experiment. It also discusses how early life may have originated near hydrothermal vents and how the first cells were prokaryotic. The document then covers the development of eukaryotic cells through endosymbiosis and the oxygenation of the atmosphere by cyanobacteria, enabling the evolution of more complex multicellular life.
CHapter 27 bacteria
Prokaryotes have adapted structures that allow them to thrive in many habitats, including fimbriae, capsules, flagella, and cell walls. They reproduce quickly through binary fission and genetic recombination, allowing populations to evolve rapidly in response to environmental changes. Prokaryotes use different methods of nutrition, including photoheterotrophy, chemoautotrophy, and chemoheterotrophy. They also show metabolic adaptations for oxygen levels and nitrogen fixation. Molecular systematics is leading to a phylogenetic classification of prokaryotes, with Archaea and bacteria in their own domains based on adaptations to extreme environments.
Bacteria Chapter 27
Prokaryotes have adapted structures that allow them to thrive in many habitats, including fimbriae, capsules, flagella, and cell walls. They reproduce quickly through binary fission and genetic recombination, allowing populations to evolve rapidly in response to environmental changes. Prokaryotes use different methods of nutrition, including photoheterotrophy, chemoautotrophy, and chemoheterotrophy. They also show metabolic adaptations for oxygen levels and nitrogen fixation. Molecular systematics is leading to a phylogenetic classification of prokaryotes, with Archaea and bacteria in their own domains based on adaptations to extreme environments.
New microsoft office power point presentation
This document discusses Ectocarpus, a filamentous brown algae, as a model marine organism. Ectocarpus is found in temperate coastal regions worldwide and is used to study brown algal biology, including life cycle regulation, sex determination, morphogenesis, ecology, and stress response. Its genome was sequenced, revealing over 16,000 genes and repeated sequences that may play a role in silencing transposable elements. The sequencing also found an integrated DNA virus sequence that is silenced in some Ectocarpus strains. Ectocarpus has adapted well to survive in the intertidal zone through complex photosynthesis genes and enzymes that help with stress responses.
Archaebacteria
Archaebacteria are single-celled prokaryotic organisms that belong to the domain of Archaea. They are considered some of the most primitive organisms on Earth and can survive in extreme environments with high salt, high temperatures, or high acidity. Archaebacteria have unique cell membranes and metabolisms that differ from bacteria and eukaryotes. There are five main types of archaebacteria - Crenarchaeota, Euryarchaeota, Korarchaeota, Thaumarchaeota, and Nanoarchaeota - which can be further divided into groups that include thermophiles, halophiles, and methanogens depending on the extreme conditions they can tolerate. Archaebacteria play important
EXTREMOPHILES.pdf
Extremophiles are organisms that thrive in extreme conditions of pH, temperature, or salinity. Some bacteria and archaea live in extremely hot or cold temperatures, while others live in very salty or acidic/alkaline environments. One example is Nanoarchaeum equitans, a dwarf archaeon that lives in temperatures between 70-98°C. Methanogens are a group of archaea that produce methane through anaerobic metabolism. Halophilic archaea thrive in hypersaline environments through adaptations like transport proteins that pump ions across their cell membranes. Acidophiles maintain pH homeostasis through active proton pumps and passive DNA/protein repair systems that protect against acid damage.
Bacteria
Bacteria are a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms that are typically a few micrometers in length. They have a variety of shapes ranging from spheres to rods and spirals. Bacteria are divided into two domains, Archaea and Bacteria. Bacteria were some of the earliest life forms on Earth and are found in most environments including soil, water, and symbiotically or parasitically with plants and animals. They were first observed by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek in 1676 using microscopy.
bacteria-200515105516.pdf
Bacteria are a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms that are typically a few micrometers in length. They have a variety of shapes ranging from spheres to rods and spirals. Bacteria are divided into two domains, Archaea and Bacteria. Bacteria were some of the earliest life forms on Earth and are found in most environments including soil, water, and symbiotically or parasitically with plants and animals. They were first observed by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek in 1676 using microscopy.
Introductiontoalgalcharacteristicsanddiversity
This document provides an overview of a phycology and phycology lab course, including required textbooks, attendance policies, and syllabus details. The course will cover topics like algal taxonomy, growth, losses, and ecology. Students will learn about the diversity of algae including their structures, forms, habitats, and roles in ecosystems.
Types of Bacteria
The document categorizes bacteria based on various parameters such as domain, temperature tolerance, oxygen requirements, pH tolerance, and salt tolerance. It discusses the three main domains of bacteria - Archaea, Eubacteria, which include most bacteria, and provides examples of extremophilic archaea that thrive in harsh environments. The document also describes different types of bacteria based on their nutritional requirements, including autotrophs that produce their own food and heterotrophs that consume organic matter.
Microbial-Diversity.pptx 123333333333333333333
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Bacteria powerpoint
Bacteria are found nearly everywhere on Earth and have evolved into hundreds of thousands of species over billions of years. They are classified into groups based on their structure, physiology, composition, and staining properties. The two main bacterial kingdoms are Archaebacteria and Eubacteria, which include extremophiles that thrive in extreme environments like hot springs, salt lakes, and acidic ocean vents. Common pathogenic bacteria include Staphylococcus and Streptococcus, which can cause infections like acne, strep throat, and food poisoning.
Chapter 27
1. Prokaryotes are ubiquitous and outnumber eukaryotes, inhabiting nearly all environments through symbiotic relationships. They are divided into bacteria and archaea.
2. Prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes in their lack of membrane-bound organelles and smaller genome size. They reproduce through binary fission and genetic variation occurs through transformation, conjugation, and transduction.
3. Prokaryotes play important ecological roles in nutrient cycling as decomposers and through symbiotic relationships, but some are also agents of disease.
CLASSIFICATION OF BACTERIA
The document discusses the classification of bacteria according to Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. It is divided into 5 volumes based on phylogenetic analysis of rRNA, DNA and proteins. The first volume covers Archaea, cyanobacteria and other phototrophic bacteria. Important sections in Archaea include hyperthermophiles, methanogens, and halobacteria. Characteristics of these groups are provided. The second volume covers Proteobacteria which are further divided into 5 classes - Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Epsilon proteobacteria. Examples of some bacteria from each class are given along with their characteristics.
Cmc
The origin of life on Earth is still uncertain, but scientists believe the first life forms were single-celled organisms that appeared around 3.5 billion years ago. Over millions of years, these simple cells evolved into more complex multicellular organisms through a process of natural selection and mutations. While early theories proposed that life could spontaneously generate from non-living matter, it is now widely accepted that all living things on Earth descended from a common primitive ancestor, likely a basic bacterium. Researchers continue to study how the building blocks of life first formed and how conditions on early Earth allowed life to emerge and evolve.
The Break-Up Theory
The document discusses several theories for the origin of life, including the primordial soup hypothesis proposed by Alexander Oparin, the iron-sulfur world hypothesis proposed by Gunter Wachtershäuser, and the hypothesis that life began around hydrothermal vents. It notes that while the primordial soup hypothesis involves chemicals combining in an ocean or pond, the iron-sulfur world and hydrothermal vent hypotheses propose that life began in environments near hydrothermal vents, where chemical reactions could have been driven by thermal energy.
Earth part 2
1) Early life on Earth likely originated between 4-3.5 billion years ago as simple prokaryotic cells without nuclei. 2) Around 2.5 billion years ago, cyanobacteria evolved that could produce oxygen through photosynthesis, gradually changing the atmosphere. 3) Eukaryotic cells with nuclei and organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts emerged around 1.5 billion years ago through endosymbiotic relationships between bacteria and archaea.
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Apologia Biology - updated Module 9 & 10 (bact virus) (protist fungi).pptx
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Presentation given at the official farewell of Prof Ken Gillet at Wageningen on 13 June 2024
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Isolation of pure culture, its various method.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
快速办理(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
Pests of Storage_Identification_Dr.UPR.pdf
InIndia-post-harvestlosses-unscientificstorage,insects,rodents,micro-organismsetc.,accountforabout10percentoftotalfoodgrains
Graininfestation
Directdamage
Indirectly
•theexuviae,skin,deadinsects
•theirexcretawhichmakefoodunfitforhumanconsumption
About600speciesofinsectshavebeenassociatedwithstoredgrainproducts
100speciesofinsectpestsofstoredproductscauseeconomiclosses
Micronuclei test.M.sc.zoology.fisheries.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
Storagedeteriorationisanyformoflossinquantityandqualityofbio-materials.
Themajorcausesofdeteriorationinstorage
•Physical
•Biological
•Mechanical
•Chemical
Storageonlypreservesquality.Itneverimprovesquality.
Itisadvisabletostartstoragewithqualityfoodproduct.Productwithinitialpoorqualityquicklydepreciates
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Juaristi, Jon. - El canon espanol. El legado de la cultura española a la civi...
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Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
GBSN - Biochemistry (Unit 6) Chemistry of Proteins
GBSN - Biochemistry (Unit 6) Chemistry of Proteins
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
Sexuality - Issues, Attitude and Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psyc...
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
Xeno Course 2 - Extremophiles and Shadow Life
- 1. Extremophillic Microbes and Shadow Biosphere Adhityo Wicaksono
- 2. Adaptations in extreme environments How extremophiles live
- 3. Thermophiles Resists 45-120ºC heat Membrane adaptations Enzyme adaptations Examples: Thermococcus sp, Sulfolobus sp
- 4. Cryophiles Resists down to -20ºC Enzymatic adaptations Anti-freeze protein Examples: Arthrobacter sp and Psychrobacter sp
- 5. Barophiles Resists pressure up to 38-117 Mpa Waxy cell membranes, relatively impermeable to nutrients Sensitive to UV, lack DNA repair Example: Halomonas sp
- 6. Acidophiles and Alkaliphiles Resists below pH 2.0 (acidophiles) or beyond 8.5 (alkaliphiles) Acidophiles: Develop very efficient proton pump mechanism in the membrane, acid-tolerant protein Alkaliphiles: Cell wall contains acidic polymeres, proton accumulators Examples: Acetorbacter, Thiobacillus (acidophiles), Natronomonas, Halorhodospira (alkaliphiles)
- 7. Radio resistant Resists radiation higher than 1000 Gy Has efficient DNA repair mechanisms Example: Deinoccoccus radiodurans, Thermococcus gammatolerans
- 8. Metal tolerant Resists high concentration of heavy metal Adaptation by saving energy by less excretion Examples: Ferroplasma sp, Cupriavidus metallidurans
- 9. Extremophiles and strange life Extremophiles are important for: Understanding the adaptation of life in extreme environment helpful in astrobiology and SETI program Genetic accession for synthetic biology Understanding the possibility of life unlike the common life on Earth which relies in different amount of nutrient
- 10. Shadow Biosphere and Second Genesis Life on Earth, unlike the common one. Is there another genesis of life after our own?
- 11. Shadow biosphere There is possibility of life with biochemistry process totally different from the common one on Earth exists hidden (Cleland and Copley, 2005) Possibly microbial GFA-J was once a candidate, but it refuted
- 12. Second Genesis Possibility of there was other origin of life on Earth than the one in 4.5 billion years ago (Davies and Lineweaver, 2005) It possible if the results are lives with completely different mechanism or processes from the common one
- 13. Is there alien among us? Extensive study in extremophile microbiology is required, especially to search through the extreme and hidden place on Earth The existance of strange life may broaden the concept of life, that can be use also to search in space
- 14. THANKS!