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Earth Part III: Extremophiles
What is Life? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Life  Would you know it if you saw it?
A virus? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Ebola virus
The potato that’s been in the  cupboard for 3 weeks? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
A human ovum (egg cell)? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Blood? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
A embryo frozen  at a fertility clinic? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
An apple seed? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Your fingernails? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Brief History of Life on Earth ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Necessities for Life   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Necessities for Life  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Hardest to find on other planets
THE GOLDILOCKS THEORY Too Hot Too Cold  Just Right G O Giant Stars M Dwarf Stars 273K 373K Liquid H2O We are lucky enough to be living in just the right place for life to exist, in what is called in astronomy a habitable zones. Terrforming
Earth’s Alternative Biology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Tolerance Ranges
Life in Unexpected Places (Extremophiles) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Poison tolerant Salt tolerant Acid tolerant Alkali tolerant Radiation tolerant Lives in minerals No sunlight No oxygen
Types of Extremophiles Types of Extremophiles
More Types of Extremophiles ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
EXTREME PROKARYOTES   Sample Hyperthermophiles Thermus aquaticus  1  m Pyrococcus abyssi  1  m Frequent habitats include volcanic vents and hot springs, as in the image to the left
1.  Hyperthermophiles ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The red on these rocks is produced by  Sulfolobus solfataricus,  near Naples, Italy
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Deep-sea floor A  black smoker, i.e. a  submarine hot spring, which can reach 518- 716°F (270-380°C)
2.   Psychrophiles Some microorganisms  thrive in temperatures below  the freezing point of water (this location in Antarctica) Some people believe that psychrophiles live in conditions mirroring those found on Mars – but is this true?
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Characteristics of Psychrophiles
3.  Oligotrophs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
4.  Barophiles ,[object Object],[object Object],A sample of barophilic bacteria from the earth’s interior 1  m
6.  Halophiles ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Deinococcus
7.  Xerophiles ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Pace of Evolution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What do we know? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What is needed for life? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Limiting factor ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Follow the Water ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Earth part 3

  • 1. Earth Part III: Extremophiles
  • 2.
  • 3. Life Would you know it if you saw it?
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14. THE GOLDILOCKS THEORY Too Hot Too Cold Just Right G O Giant Stars M Dwarf Stars 273K 373K Liquid H2O We are lucky enough to be living in just the right place for life to exist, in what is called in astronomy a habitable zones. Terrforming
  • 15.
  • 17.
  • 18. Types of Extremophiles Types of Extremophiles
  • 19.
  • 20. EXTREME PROKARYOTES Sample Hyperthermophiles Thermus aquaticus 1  m Pyrococcus abyssi 1  m Frequent habitats include volcanic vents and hot springs, as in the image to the left
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23. 2. Psychrophiles Some microorganisms thrive in temperatures below the freezing point of water (this location in Antarctica) Some people believe that psychrophiles live in conditions mirroring those found on Mars – but is this true?
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 31.
  • 32.
  • 33.

Editor's Notes

  1. You may wish to repeat the slide with Figure 18.3 instead of showing this list…
  2. Applies to “life as we know it.”
  3. Applies to “life as we know it.”