A woven cloth is formed by the interlacement of two sets of threads, namely, warp and weft threads.
These threads are interlaced with one another according to the type of weave or design. The warp
threads are those that run longitudinally along the length of the fabric and the weft threads are those that
run transversely across the fabric. For the sake of convenience the warp threads are termed as ends and
the weft as picks or fillings.
Honeycomb, Mock Leno, Huckaback weaves and Dobby Figure Designs Azmir Latif Beg
Miscellaneous Weaves:
Honeycomb, Mock Leno,
Huckaback, Dobby Figure Designs
Designs in which the ornament consists chiefly of small, detached spots or figures are employed in nearly all classes of yarn and yarn combinations, for dress fabrics, fancy vesting, and other textures in which elaborate figure ornamentation is not desired.
Plain design is basic design. There are many derivatives of plain design.Like Rib:A weave in which either owing to the interlacing or to the yarns used, warp or weft is the stronger or remains comparatively straight, while the other material does all the bending.
All content of this slide is not mine. Totally copy paste from Understanding Textiles for a Merchandiser-Shah Alimuzzaman Belal and Fabric Structure & Design-N.Gokarnishan, also from various websites.
I am just collect and rearrange them.
Nurunnabi
Lecturer
National Institute of Textile Engineering & Research
A woven cloth is formed by the interlacement of two sets of threads, namely, warp and weft threads.
These threads are interlaced with one another according to the type of weave or design. The warp
threads are those that run longitudinally along the length of the fabric and the weft threads are those that
run transversely across the fabric. For the sake of convenience the warp threads are termed as ends and
the weft as picks or fillings.
Honeycomb, Mock Leno, Huckaback weaves and Dobby Figure Designs Azmir Latif Beg
Miscellaneous Weaves:
Honeycomb, Mock Leno,
Huckaback, Dobby Figure Designs
Designs in which the ornament consists chiefly of small, detached spots or figures are employed in nearly all classes of yarn and yarn combinations, for dress fabrics, fancy vesting, and other textures in which elaborate figure ornamentation is not desired.
Plain design is basic design. There are many derivatives of plain design.Like Rib:A weave in which either owing to the interlacing or to the yarns used, warp or weft is the stronger or remains comparatively straight, while the other material does all the bending.
All content of this slide is not mine. Totally copy paste from Understanding Textiles for a Merchandiser-Shah Alimuzzaman Belal and Fabric Structure & Design-N.Gokarnishan, also from various websites.
I am just collect and rearrange them.
Nurunnabi
Lecturer
National Institute of Textile Engineering & Research
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honeycomb composites.
The 3D honeycomb fabrics are successfully manufactured and converted into textile honeycomb composites. It
was found through the finite element analysis (FEA) that changes in geometric and structural parameters of
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This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
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Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Delivering Micro-Credentials in Technical and Vocational Education and TrainingAG2 Design
Explore how micro-credentials are transforming Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) with this comprehensive slide deck. Discover what micro-credentials are, their importance in TVET, the advantages they offer, and the insights from industry experts. Additionally, learn about the top software applications available for creating and managing micro-credentials. This presentation also includes valuable resources and a discussion on the future of these specialised certifications.
For more detailed information on delivering micro-credentials in TVET, visit this https://tvettrainer.com/delivering-micro-credentials-in-tvet/
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
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http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
3. 5.1 Dyeing in Coloured Yarn
5.1 Dyeing in Coloured Yarn
• The term package dyeing usually denotes for dyeing
of yarn that has been wound on perforated cores.
• This helps in forcing the dye liquor through the
package.
• With the start of dyeing cycle, the dye liquor goes on
circulating throughout the vessel and tank.
• This happens till all the dye is used up or fully
exhausted.
• The dye flows through to the yarn package with the
help of the deliberate perforations in the tube
package.
• Once full exhaustion is brought about, the carrier of
colored yarn is consequently removed from the vessel.
• A large centrifuge removes excess water from the
packages.
• Finally the yarn is dried using red drying oven.
4. 5.2 Types of Package Dyeing Machines
Types of Package Dyeing
Machines:
1. Vertical Spindle Machines
Vertical spindle machines are
common today.
The packages are press packed onto
the vertical carrier spindles so as to
increase the payload.
It also aids in the dye liquor
circulation and minimising the
liquor to fibre ratio.
Machineries of this sort can operate
at liquor ratios as low as 6:1.
The following Figure shows a typical
package dyeing machine where the
yarn packages are held on multiple
spindles. An overhead crane system
makes yarn carrier to be entered
and removed from the machine
room.
5. 2. Horizontal Spindle
Machines
a. This is an alternative
configuration for the vertical
spindle machine.
b. Dyeing kier is mounted
horizontally and the yarn
carrier is introduced from a
trolley.
c. This arrangement effectively
replaces the need for crane.
d. Horizontal Spindle Machines
has simplified the design of
the dyehouse building.
3. Tube Type Machines
a.Tube type machines have a
series of vertical or horizontal
tubes into which package carriers
get inserted.
b.The tubes that form the
individual dyeing vessels are
linked by common circulation
pumps and pipe work.
c.These type of machines offers
the advantage of flexibility than
the above mentioned types.
d.This is because individual tubes
can easily be blanked off to
change the overall load limit of
the machine.
6. 5.3 Designing Coloured Fabric
Modern looms make possible to design coloured
fabric using coloured warp and weft yarns.
Various coloured patterns can be obtained in fabric
by combining coloured yarns and weave.
The process starting from selection of suitable weaves
and yarns of different colours.
Process conditions of weaving should be taken into
consideration.
The preparation for coloured warp yarn using
weaver’s beam can be prepared in sectional warping
by rearranging the coloured bobbins on the creel.
7. In sectional warping, additional devices are used compared to direct
warping:
warping table
moveable sectional warping beam
The process are the same with direct warping only it’s wind section by
section using sectional warping beam until it’s complete.
The complete sectional warping beam is transferred to the weaver’s
beam or to the sizing beam.
The colored weft yarns require multi-shuttle looms or shuttles loom
equipped with weft patterning devices.
The repeat of weave is also importance to determine the number of
heald shafts to be used on the loom.
The reason is to get a large coloured pattern with a minimum number
of heald shafts.
The repeat of coloured pattern equals the least common multiple of
the weave repeat and the repeat of coloured threads.
If these numbers are prime, the repeat of pattern equals their product.
8.
9.
10. 5.3 The Usage of Coloured Yarn in Coloured Fabric
5.3.1 Construction of Patterns from
A Given Weave and Colour
Repeats
Example 1,
4 shaft sateen / crepe weave (R
= 4).
Warp and weft colour repeats
are equal to 3; 2 red and 1 white
warp threads 1 red and 2 white
weft threads.
The least common multiple of 3
and 4 is 12.
Therefore, the colour pattern
repeat is 12 X 12 to produce a
fabric on 4 shafts.
11. Example 2,
The weave is same but the
colour repeats of warp and
weft threads have been
changed.
The sequence of warp
threads is 1 red and 2 white
thread.
The sequence for weft
threads are 2 red and 1
white threads.
Such a change gives a new
colour but the same size of
12 X 12
12. Example 3,
Honey comb weave
with the repeat of 8.
Weft overlaps are
marked by dots.
Colour repeat of
threads is as large as
24.
The least common
multiple of 8 and 24
is 24.
The colour pattern
constructed is 24 X
24.
Weft colour repeat; 8
white threads, 8 red
thread.
Warp colour repeat;
8 white threads, 8 red
thread.
13.
14. 5.3.2 Selection of Weaves for a Colour Pattern
Begin by obtaining a colour pattern, depends on the colour
repeats of warp and weft threads.
Example:
Take 8 warp and 8 weft threads.
The odd threads are red and the even threads are white.
Colour repeat is 2 for warp and 2 for weft.
The arrangement of coloured warp threads is shown in the
lower horizontal space, and weft threads in the left vertical
space.
Find the colour of all 64 squares, the intersections of warp
and weft threads.
The first square is the intersections of red warp 1 and red
weft 1.
The point of intersection of white warp 2 and red weft 1
can be red or white, depending on the type of overlap (any
colour in this square). This square is marked by a dot.
The intersection of warp 2 and weft 2 can be white only,
because both threads are white.
All 64 squares can be divided into 3 groups: red, white and
square marked by dots.
There are 33 squares marked by dots. Each of these
squares can be painted red or white depends on the
designer. Many different colour patterns can be created.
15. If all the squares with dots are white, the first pattern is created:
16. By painting in red squares, positioned between red squares in vertical
direction, red vertical stripes are obtain:
17. The red horizontal stripes appear on the fabric, while red squares are added in
a similar way in horizontal direction:
18. By painting the dotted squares along the diagonal, zig-zag stripes
running appears either from right to left or from left to right:
19. The dotted squares can be pointed in another manner,
so that we get a pattern with closed contours: