The presentation discusses various basic weaves including plain weave, warp rib weave, weft rib weave, and basket weave. Plain weave is the simplest weave with warp and weft yarns alternating over and under in a repeating pattern. Warp rib and weft rib weaves extend the plain weave structure in the warp or weft direction respectively to create ribbing effects. Basket weave is a variation of plain weave where adjacent yarns are grouped and woven as a single unit, creating a checkerboard pattern. Each weave type has unique characteristics that determine its properties and end uses.