The Industrial Revolution fundamentally changed human life and production methods. It moved society from a largely agricultural system to one dominated by industry and machinery. This transition occurred between the late 18th century and early 19th century in Britain, before spreading to other countries. The factory system that developed subjected many workers to long hours in dangerous conditions for low wages. New technologies like the steam engine were developed during this period and further drove industrialization. The Industrial Revolution also led to rapid urbanization and social/cultural changes.

1. Industrial Revolution

2. Historical Significance of the Industrial
Revolution
• An ancient Greek or Roman & Europe in 1700 = basically
the same life as pre-Industrialization
• agriculture and technology were not much changed in 2000+
years
• The Industrial Revolution changed human life drastically
• More was created in the last 250+ years of history than in
the previous 2500+ years

3. What was the Industrial Revolution?
•fundamental change
• way goods were produced
• human labor  machines
•The more efficient means of production and
subsequent higher levels of production triggered
far-reaching changes to industrialized societies

4. The Factory
System
Rigid schedule.
12-14 hour day.
Dangerous conditions.
Mind-numbing monotony.

5. Textile Factory
Workers in England

6. Young “Bobbin-Doffers”

8. John Kay’s “Flying
Shuttle”

9. The Power Loom

10. James Watt’s Steam Engine

11. Steam Tractor

12. Steam Ship

13. An Early Steam Locomotive

14. Later Locomotives

15. The Impact of the Railroad

16. Crystal Palace Exhibition: 1851
Exhibitions of the new industrial utopia.

17. Crystal Palace:
British Ingenuity on Display

19. 19c Bourgeoisie:
The Industrial
Nouveau Riche

20. Criticism of the New
Bourgeoisie

21. Stereotype of the
Factory Owner

22. “Upstairs”/“Downstai
rs” Life
This is one of the
things we love about
Downton Abbey. It
shows the life above
stairs and below
stairs.

24. Factory Wages in Lancashire, 1830
Age of Worker Male Wages Female Wages
under 11 2s 3d. 2s. 4d.
11 - 16 4s. 1d. 4s. 3d.
17 - 21 10s. 2d. 7s. 3d.
22 - 26 17s. 2d. 8s. 5d.
27 - 31 20s. 4d. 8s. 7d.
32 - 36 22s. 8d. 8s. 9d.
37 - 41 21s. 7d. 9s. 8d.
42 - 46 20s. 3d. 9s. 3d.
47 - 51 16s. 7d. 8s. 10d.
52 - 56 16s. 4d. 8s. 4d.
57 - 61 13s. 6d. 6s. 4d.
What do you
notice?

25. Industrial
Staffordshire

26. Problems of
Pollution
The Silent Highwayman - 1858

27. The New Industrial
City

28. Early-19c London
by Gustave Dore

29. Worker Housing in
Manchester

30. Factory Workers at Home
This picture tells us many
things about the “have nots”
in the Industrial Age
1. How many people are in
this room?
2. What are they doing?
3. Is this what people usually
do at home?
4. Why would they be doing
this at home, after hours?

31. Workers Housing in
Newcastle Today
Have conditions changed
much for the working
class today?

32. The Socialists:
Utopians & Marxists
 People as a society should operate and own the means of
production, not individuals.
 Their goal was a society that benefited everyone, not just a
rich, well-connected few.
 Tried to build perfect communities [utopias].

33. Industrialization By
1850

34. Railroads on the
Continent

35. Art of the Industrial Revolution Era

36. Cultural Impact: Romanticism
The Romantics
glorified the divine
power of nature as a
reaction to the
Industrial
Revolution’s
achievement of
controlling nature
through technology.

37. Cultural Impact: The Visual Arts
French artist Honore
Daumier painted the
poor and working
classes. In Third-Class
Carriage (shown
here), he illustrates
with great compassion
a group of people on a
train journey.

38. Romanticism
• Reaction to the Enlightenment
• Writers = combined history, legend, folklore
• Music & art – emphasized feelings

39. Realism
• Represent the world as it was,
not idealistic
• Often portrayed the poor and
their struggles

40. Impressionism
• The first “impression” of a scene from the viewer’s
perspective

41. J.M.W. Turner
The Fighting “Temeraire”
Cultural Impact: The Visual Arts